Abstract
This paper discusses Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, dietary recommendations, and a nursing plan for patients with IDA. It also looks at how iron is absorbed by cells of the small intestine and how it is transported through the body to erythropoietic cells.

From the Paper
"There are several different classifications of anemia depending on the underlying pathophysiology. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia encountered both in underdeveloped and in developed countries and is due to a decrease in the number of red cells because of a lack of sufficient iron. Iron is an essential component in the production of hemoglobin the oxygen-carrying pigment in erythrocytes and is normally obtained in the diet."

Tags:Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), causes, diagnosis, treatment, nursing plan

Abstract
This paper describes arginase deficiency. It describes the etiology of the disease, its signs and symptoms, its treatment, and goes in detail into the genetics of the disorder. This is an extremely rare disorder, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner that affects the urea cycle. There is no cure and treatment involves a low protein diet.

From the Paper
"Arginase deficiency is an very rare genetic disorder which affects the urea cycle, since arginine is one of the enzymes crucial to the cycle. The urea cycle eliminates toxic levels of ammonia from the bloodstream and eliminates it from the body in the urine in the form of urea. Affected individuals usually exhibit symptoms of the deficiency in early infancy such as failure to grow, intolerance to protein, vomiting and spasticity. The build up of nitrogen is toxic to the central nervous system so early diagnosis is..."

Tags:arginase deficiency, ARG1, hyperammonemia

Abstract
This paper explains that, although iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) has declined in children since the 1970s, due largely to an increased consumption of iron by children during infancy, iron deficiency anemia still is one of the most commonly recognized forms of nutritional deficiency among children, particularly in the 6-month to 24-month age group, in affluent and developing countries. The author points out that the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in children less than two years of age is contingent on adequate dietary intake and supplementation, either in the form of drops or fortified formulas and food. The paper states that early detection and prevention is the most important preventive technique. Adequate screening mechanisms must be used, however, because supplementation does not always correct deficiencies after they arise. Tables.

Table of Contents
Literature Review
Introduction: Prevention of IDA in 6 to 24 Month Old Infants
Preliminary Background
Supplementation and More
Cooking with Iron
Adequate Screening as a Prevention Method
Early Detection
Summary of Traditional Prevention Mechanisms
Educational Strategies and Newer Trends
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Improved growth and weight gain are also attributed to infants receiving iron supplementation for a period of at minimum 3-6 months. All of these trials do promote the notion that adequate dietary intake from the outset, and oral supplementation of iron in at risk populations, including incidences where the potential for malnourishment is high, will effectively prevent complications associated with iron deficiency anemia in emergencies."

Tags:supplementation, hemoglobin, education, food, developing

Abstract
This well-researched paper is a comparative analysis of the symptomatic cluster used by the DSM-IV in the establishment of an Axis I diagnosis of depression and the psychological symptoms associated with nutritional deficiencies. The writer of this in-depth paper examines numerous published studies and literature between 1995-2004 regarding deficiency symptoms of B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, magnesium and zinc and compares the findings with the psychological symptoms found in depression. While low self-esteem and suicidal tendencies were not listed in any of the texts, the writer contends that these were in fact substantiated when analyzing the studies detailed in this paper. This paper delves into the findings that prove magnesium and zinc deficiency may be involved in the psychopathology of suicide.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Nutritional Deficiencies and Depression
Nutrition, Culture and Depression
Nutrition and Rule-Out Diagnosis on DSM-IV Axis III
Review of Literature
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Magnesium (Mg)
Zinc (Zn)
Summary
References

From the Paper
"Thiamin is a water-soluble vitamin with limited body storage capacities and must be replenished regularly through the diet. It acts as a coenzyme in the oxidative metabolism of glucose and partakes with niacin and riboflavin in glucose oxidation to yield useful metabolic energy in the form of adenoside-tri-phospate (ATP). The nervous tissue is dependent solely on glucose for energy and as such these tissues are very sensitive to fluctuation in thiamin levels. Thiamin's role as a cofactor in conversion of glucose to sugars may explain why a diet high in carbohydrate could deplete the thiamin reserve. Classic thiamin deficiency, beriberi, is rare, whereas Wernicke-Korskoff Syndrome, a condition often found in alcoholics, is commonly encountered as clinical manifestation of B1 deficiency."

Tags:medical, disorder, psychology, suicide, nutrition, vitamins, study, depression

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that iron deficiency is an issue for developing and industrialized countries. Iron deficiency involves both modifiable risk factors and the social determinants of health. The writer maintains that part of the problem is that measures of iron deficiency are inconsistent while another part of the problem relates to varying combinations of nutrients or just one nutrient being used in isolation. The writer discusses that Iran is a developing country where the prevalence has been heavily reduced, but it is possible that if the determinants of health were used as variables, the prevalence could be eliminated. The writer notes that the nutrition the mother and child receives during the period when the child is six to 12 months of age has implications for the entire life span but must be situated in terms of the overall conditions of socioeconomic position and the culture.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Rationale
Literature Review
Description of Methodology
References

From the Paper
"Iron deficiency is a problem in both developing and industrialized countries. The objective is to demonstrate that whether the issue of irony deficiency is located in the Third World or in affluent nations, it is based in modifiable risk factors. The hypothesis is that the problem with addressing iron deficiency is related to the determinants of health since, if nutritional supplementation is aimed only at the first priority, then entire aspects of the child's development will inevitably be neglected. The research question is: In a country such as Iran where prevalence has been reduced to a moderate level, can that prevalence of iron deficiency be further reduced by using the determinants of health as measures?"

Tags:nutrition, zinc, anemia, supplementation

Abstract
This paper discusses the disorder, iron deficiency anemia. It contends that a patient that shows symptoms of iron deficiency anemia often is tested through a variety of blood tests to determine the level of anemia, as well being subjected to a medical exam and history to determine mitigating factors. It examines conventional therapy of the disorder, daily administration of oral iron supplements, or in some case intravenous delivery of iron. The paper also explores avenues of unconventional therapy, that has proven to be more successful in the case of some parameters.

From the Paper
"Iron is one of the minerals the body needs to be healthy. Without iron, hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body, cannot function properly. Iron is also critical to proper muscle and organ function. "About three-fourths of the body's iron is bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, while the rest is either bound to other proteins (transferrin in blood or ferritin in bone marrow) or stored in other body tissues" ("Iron (Fe)", 2003). New red blood cells are made using the iron stored in the bone marrow."

Tags:blood, hemoglobin, ferritin

Abstract
The paper reveals that a recent study of south Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom and Australia has found that many of the people with tuberculosis also suffered from low vitamin D levels - though it was not entirely clear whether or not the tuberculosis caused the vitamin D deficiency or whether or not the low vitamin D level was the culprit in the on-set of tuberculosis. The paper explores what the most recent research (within the last 5 years) has to say about the relationship between tuberculosis and low vitamin D levels. The paper shows how it appears as though vitamin D truly plays a key role in helping the body fight off tuberculosis.

From the Paper
"A recent study of south Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom and Australia has found that many of the people with tuberculosis also suffered from low vitamin D levels - though it was not entirely clear whether or not the tuberculosis caused the vitamin D deficiency or whether or not the low vitamin D level was the culprit in the on-set of tuberculosis. With all this in mind, the next few pages will explore what the most recent research (within the last 5 years) has to say about the relationship between tuberculosis and low vitamin D levels. In general, it appears as though vitamin D truly plays a key role in helping the body..."

Tags:relationship, tuberculosis, vitamin

Abstract
This paper explains that food insecurity describes a situation in which there is uncertainty in a household's food supply. The author points out that the difference between hunger and food insecurity is related to where they fall on a continuum of food scarcity in a household; if food intake has not actually been reduced, but the possibility exists that it may be, then the situation is food insecurity, and hunger results. The paper relates that, when children suffer from hunger, their bodies are deprived of critical nutrients required for proper functioning, which puts them at increased risk of being deficient in vital nutrients. This is important because children's bodies are still developing.

From the Paper
"In the U.S., households are categorized into four groups based upon the reliability of their food source. Ideally, a family is considered "food secure": intake is not reduced and food supply is not a concern. Food insecure (without hunger) reflects concerns "about adequacy of the household food supply" with no reduction in intake reported. Food insecure (with hunger) is further broken down into two categories. If the reduction in intake applies only to adults in the household, the insecurity is moderate. Food insecurity with hunger becomes severe when children in the household are not getting enough to eat."

Tags:develping, iron, supply, continuum, intake

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to establish a causal relation between hypovitaminosis D and insulin resistance, diabetes, and systemic inflammation. The paper seeks to augment the research data (and substantial anecdotal evidence) currently available implicating hypovitaminosis D in these conditions. Additionally, the paper seeks to devise a research method for distinguishing the respective beneficial roles of vitamin D and calcium in light of current evidence suggesting that dual supplementation is associated with greater preventative effects than supplementation of one or the other alone.

From the Paper
"Prior to the widespread vitamin and mineral supplementation of modern food supplies, rickets and the skeletal weakness for which that disease is responsible was a formidable medical condition. Once rickets was substantially eradicated by vitamin supplementation in modern food processing, many medical authorities considered that solution to have eliminated all of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. More recently, medical researchers have identified so many other significant medical consequences attributable to hypovitaminosis D that contemporary clinicians now regard rickets as only the tip of the proverbial iceberg of vitamin D-related ailments"

Tags:diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, rickets glucose, congestive heart failure, immune

From the Paper
"Zinc deficiency is defined as a condition resulting from insufficient amounts of zinc in the diet. It is characterized by abnormal fatigue, decreased alertness, a decrease in taste and odor sensitivity, poor appetite, retarded growth, delayed sexual maturity, prolonged healing of wounds, and increased susceptibility to infection and injury. Among the conditions that may precipitate the problem are alcoholic cirrhosis and other liver diseases, ulcers, myocardial infarction, Hodgkin's disease, Down syndrome, and cystic fibrosis (Mosby's Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, 1994).

Zinc deficiencies during pregnancy can have negative consequences for the developing child. Zinc plays an important role in many biochemical functions, among them ..."