Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the poem "A Dream Deferred" by Langston Hughes. Specifically, it discusses the author as an influential black American poet and author and describes his life. It then interprets the poem, including a critical analysis of the work, focusing on the language he uses, the poetic structure of the poem and the imagery he conjures.

From the Paper
"In addition, Hughes uses vivid imagery (or figurative language) inside the poem to create pictures in the reader's mind. He uses words such as "fester," "stink," "rotten," and "crust" to show the negative aspects of dreams deferred, and even the physical pain and festering deferring dreams can cause. The imagery of the poem is central to the theme and impact of the work and Hughes uses the imagery as one of the most important aspects of the work. He uses this imagery as figurative language by making comparisons to dreams to the reality of what happens when they do not come true. The "festering sore" of reality is far distant from the dream of equality, and that indicates how Hughes manages to blend figurative language into the poem effectively and for the most impact. This poem led to many other works of the same nature, which eventually brought acclaim and award to Hughes and his influential works."

Tags:Harlem, format, rhythm, imagery

Abstract
The Langston Hughes' poem "A Dream Deferred" is analyzed for how it relates to characters in Gloria Naylor's "The Women of Brewster Place" and Toni Morrison's "Jazz". It also applies the poem's themes and issues to the two novels.

From the Paper
"The writings of Langston Hughes demonstrate an honest expression of uninhibited African American existence. While this caused many to view Hughes' works with scorn and prejudice his works deal honestly with the African American ..."

Tags:Langston Hughes, Toni Morrison, Gloria Naylor, African Americans, prejudice, racism, dreams

Abstract
This paper explores the role of lost dreams and its affect on the characters in Toni Morrison's novel, "Sula." The paper focuses primarily on how the women in the novel react to lost dreams, and to a lesser extent the men. An in-depth description of the novel's main characters is given. There is also a brief plot summary. The author concludes by tying together the reference to the Langston Hughes poem "A Dream Deferred" presented in the paper's first paragraph.

From the Paper
"The quest for dreams in the bodies and souls of others can have damaging results. When BoyBoy returned to visit Eva, she found herself consumed with hatred for him - a hatred that she felt would "define and strengthen her" (Morrison 36). While Eva's reliance on BoyBoy in the beginning was born of financial necessity, her later emotional state depended on his not being there. It was following his visit that she began spending all of her time in her bedroom (Morrison 37), further supporting the idea that her abandoned dreams of romance, or of a strong marriage, infected her, and prevented her life from moving forward. While Sula's "disease" of forgotten dreams became a driving force in her uncontrolled behavior, Eva's "sickness" enveloped her like a cocoon."

Tags:African American writers, Langston Hughes, poetry, prose

Abstract
The paper presents a research methodology for a project on deferred benefits.

From the Paper
"At issue herein is the development of a research methodology for exploring employee attitudes toward a deferred benefit or deferred pay plan, described by Brandon and Smith as plans allowing employees to reduce taxes by deferring the receipt of compensation or bonuses to a later date. These plans were described by Finerty as popular because they allow employees to defer taxes until later in life when they may be in lower tax brackets."

Tags:research methodology, surveys, deferred compensation

Abstract
The poetic analysis examines the theme of racism within the poems; "Mother to Son", "Harlem, A Dream Deferred" and "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" by Langston Hughes. The paper compares and contrasts the varying levels of racism found within these poems. The paper demonstrates how Hughes suggests a wide variety of racial perspectives that define the African-American experience. The paper focuses on Hughes' metaphor of the African soul in relation to river symbolism.

From the Paper
"The poem "Harlem, A Dream Deferred" first implies the symbolic use of a raisin to define the struggle and conflicts associated with racism in American society. The raisin is essential a single black man or a group of African Americans that are being affected by the sun (an allusion to the hotness of white racist hegemony), which could invariably "dry up" under the pressure. This overall scope of the poem refers to the dream of racial equality and freedom that is threatening the racial autonomy of urban neighborhoods, like Harlem. The existence of Harlem as a bastion of hope for African Americans to congregate within New York City is represented in the way that white society will either allow them their freedom or destroy it."

Tags:racial, equality, freedom, Harlem, white, authority, submission, identity

Abstract
This paper will discuss irony in Yusef Komunyakaa's "Facing It", Nikki Giovanni's "Dreams" and Langston Hughes' "A Dream Deferred", by analyzing the various contradictions in the works. The meanings of the poems will examined to find the symbolism in each.

Abstract
This paper looks at Lorraine Hansberry's play, "A Raisin in the Sun" as a commentary on Langston Hughes's "Dream Deferred" poems.

From the Paper
"This research examines Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sunas an adumbration of Langston Hughes's poems Harlem and Dream Boogie The plan of the research will be to set forth the referential context of the play and then to discuss how the play develops and comments on the ideas in the poems evoking both psychological realism and social criticismin the process. The fact that the title of A Raisin in the Sun is taken from Langston Hughes's description of a dream deferred in his ..."

Tags:A, Raisin, in, the, Sun, Lorraine, Hansberry, Langston, Hughes

Abstract
The paper describes the Milgram experiments that demonstrated the degree to which normal individuals are susceptible to blind obedience and deference to authority. The paper also discusses the Stanford prison experiment which illustrated the effects of groupthink on individual behavior. The paper then looks at studies that examined the effects of heightened emotional arousal on an individual. The paper concludes that while the human tendency to internalize environmental information and feedback from others is perfectly normal, in the extreme, those traits make us susceptible to psychological manipulation.

Outline:
Introduction - Human Behavior in Social Situations
Experiments into the Impact of Perceived Deferred Responsibility
The Significance of the Phenomenon of Deference to Authority
The Stanford Prison Experiment and the Impact of Social Situations and Groupthink
The Significance of the Phenomenon of Groupthink on Individual Behavior
The Influence of Sensory Arousal on Personal Perspective
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Human behavior reflects a complex interrelationship between elements of individual psychological development and external circumstances. In that regard, social situations involving other people is among the most significant external circumstances that influence the behavior of the individual. Normal psychological responses to social circumstances have the potential to be exploited and in the most extreme examples, may produce a social psychosis capable of transforming a society entirely."

Tags:Milgram, Stanford, deference, authority, groupthink, arousal

Abstract
The paper explains the background and history of the subprime mortgage crisis and provides an explanation of its psychological roots. The paper discusses how the motivation of "keeping up with the Joneses" rather than being content with what one can reasonably afford motivated unrealistic property acquisitions. The paper then asserts that these mortgages were made possible by financial professionals' groupthink and blind deference to authority that allowed the suspension of independent moral judgment and sound business practices.

Outline:
Background and History of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis
Psychological Basis of the Subprime Mortgage Crisis

From the Paper
"Several million Americans are currently on the verge of losing their homes to foreclosure in what has been labeled the nation's subprime mortgage crisis. Generally, those facing foreclosure secured title to property with very small downpayments that were substantially less than the 10% or 20% of the property value traditionally required, in conjunction with inflated property values and very low initial mortgage rates based on stated income levels and other standard indices used by banks and other lending institutions to assess a borrower's credit worthiness and ability to repay loans (Clark 2007)."

Tags:property, values, security, investments, groupthink, deference, authority

Abstract
This paper presents a progression of many cases by which Tamara F. Kushnir, in her legal brief from the "Loyola University Chicago Law Journal", establishes a history of the right to privacy and therefore the right to an abortion. The author then reviews Kushnir's analysis of the 2003 Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act (PBABA) and summarizes Congress' 15 declarations in this law. The paper relates that the final section of this article is the author's argument that the PBABA is unconstitutional because it does not only limit D&X, aka a partial-birth abortion, there is not an adequate health exception, it is an undue burden and the legislative findings are in conflict with the Stenberg decision. The author reports that Kishnir states that the deference should be based on 'City of Boerne v. Flores' and 'Dickerson v. U.S.', which said that legislative findings should not overrule a Constitutional provision.

From the Paper
"In the PBABA, Congress was sure to present Congressional Findings in support of the Act. In fact, the author states that Congress dedicated 5 paragraphs to explaining how the Supreme Court should give high deference to the findings. The cases that were cited in support of deference to Congressional Findings were Anderson v. Bessemer City, Katzenbach v. Morgan, and Turner Broadcasting Systems, Inc. v. FCC. Anderson v. Bessemer City set a precedent that the trial courts findings of fact have deference over a reviewing court."

Tags:unconstitutional, declarations, right, exception, deference