Abstract
This paper begins by defining national defense and expands on the need for a national defense strategy in light of the September 11th terrorist attacks. It continues with a detailed discussion on the new defense strategy. The author also reviews the need for applying a strategy that respects human dignity. The paper, in reviewing a defense report, states that the new defense strategy will accomplish the goal of national security by fortifying the authority of the Director of Central Intelligence, by developing a new framework for intelligence warning, by developing consistent methods of collecting information, by investing in potential capabilities while working to protect them and by collecting intelligence data against terrorists and terrorist organizations.

Outline:
Introduction
National Defense
New Strategy for Defense
Encouraging Human Dignity for All
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Lastly there are disruptive challenges that must be considered. Disruptive challenges to tend to include the utilization of sophisticated technology coupled with military action (National Defense Strategy...). Such disruptive capabilities may be used to take advantage of America's vulnerabilities. The organization reports that disruptive capabilities such as cyber operations, energy weapons and biotechnology can be used to endanger American security (National Defense Strategy...). Because these capabilities are often unpredictable, special attention must be paid to fighting them. "

Tags:terrorist, security, protection, homeland

Abstract
This paper discusses the Israeli Defense Force with the following issues being addressed: historical background, defense strategy, threats being faced, ground forces, navy, air force, conscription, women in the army, etc.

Abstract
This paper questions whether the Australian Defense Force (ADF) has "broken the code" to successful integration of joint-interagency support during the conduct of military operations. It looks at the activities of the ADF compared with the "whole of government approach" (WOG) that exists. The paper looks at their integration and the direction the ADF will take in future joint interagency operations.

Table of Contents:
Research Question
Background and Significance
Working Hypothesis
Methodology
Introduction
Whole of Government (WOG) Approach
Defense Budget Spending 2007-2008
Organizational Changes in Australian Armed Forces
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Furthermore, bilateral counter-terrorism relationships with countries outside of the region have been formed with the most important stating to be that with the United States. Regional organizations and bodies also play an important role in combating terrorism through development of common policy response to the problem, as well as acting as a forum "for the exchange of information and ideas, coordination of regional programs and in the development of "the political will and momentum for action." (Transnational Terrorism, The Threat to Australia, 2004)"

Tags:strategy, military, joint-interagency

Abstract
This paper discusses the economic and political impact of large companies. It specifically analyzes the companies, Loblaw Companies Limited and General Motors Defense. In particular, the paper looks at how John A. Lederer, President of Loblaw Companies Limited and Bill
Pettipas, Executive Director of General Motors Defense, were both faced with the challenge of how to deal with these companies and their economic and political impact.

From the Paper
"In each case, a larger entity is a potential deterrent to the operation and successful strategy of the company. For Loblaw Companies Limited, it is Wal-Mart; for General Motors Defense it is the political lobbying of General Dynamics and United Defense. The way in which each of them meet their larger competitors and interact with them without being swallowed up creates another potential level of growth that they may have not achieved without this threat or challenge. To do this they may have to adapt technologies of the other; Loblaw might well negotiate with Wal-Mart to study its centralized information system, while GMD might have to expand its ability to lobby independently. Both case studies reveal that the contexts of each company are more and more part of the global system that is operant in our world; to participate within it and not be merged forcibly into it is the test and validation of a healthy organization and effective strategy."

Tags:competitors, strategy, organization

Abstract
As a result of the Treaty of Versailles the German Navy was reduced to a small coastal defense. This thesis looks at the German Naval plan during World War II and why it was not as successful as it should have been. Issues such as their deployment strategy, ship and submarine building, weapons are examined in great detail. The German Naval strategy is compared with the British Navy. The miscalculations made by the German Naval leaders are evaluated to show what went wrong for the German Navy.

From the Paper
"During the Second World War Great Britain depended on her sea born trade to maintain her ability to be involved in the conflict. This required the Royal Navy to protect convoys by using most of its capital ship strength. German leaders realized that they could never create a navy large enough to challenge the British directly. From the onset of German remilitarization they planned to build a small, technically advanced fleet of battleships that could destroy the capital ships of the Royal Navy in succession and weaken Britain to such a point that she would be compelled to negotiate a settlement."

Tags:battleship, bismarck, german, germany, hilter, ii, navy, royal, war, world

Abstract
The paper is a description of what role ethics and morals play in the life of a defense attorney. While having to support his client, a defense attorney more often than not would have to prove the prosecution's witness to be fake. The paper deals with the techniques that are followed by an attorney to protect his client and it gives us an idea of the numerous strategies that he would have to adopt to prove his client in the right. Further, the paper is also a discussion upon facts as to whether an attorney can purposely cross question a witness, and mislead the court just to prove his client not guilty. Here the main purpose of the argument starts with the fact whether a defense attorney is ethically right when he decides to purposely cross-examine the prosecutor's witness just to mislead the court, when he knows that the witness is saying the truth, and does so only to discredit his answers.

From the Paper
"From time immemorial lawyers have been condemned and thought of as conniving people. As early as the biblical times writers have been condemning lawyers. The great satirist, Jonathan Swift had in his book Gulliver's Travels in 1726 stated that there was a society of men among us, bred up from their youth in the art of proving by words multiplied for the purpose that white is black and black is white, according as they are paid. To this society all rest of the people is slaves. It can be stated that the real reason to conduct "Cross Examination" is to find answers to questions of fact. This can be stated to be the stage in a trial where the other party questions witnesses. The main reason to conduct cross-examination could be to find out facts that would turn out to be favorable for the case, to challenge the statements given by the witness. A counsel usually conducts cross-examination but the accused person can also conduct his defense by himself."

Tags:court, witness, prosecuter, examine, cross

From the Paper
" RECENT DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS CUTS AND MILITARY READINESS
This research paper discusses pro and con arguments about the effects, if any, of recent reductions in appropriations for the armed services on their state of readiness. The thesis is that they may indeed have adverse impact on readiness, but those effects could be eliminated if compensating savings were made in other parts of the American defense budget which, however, do not appear to be feasible for political and other reasons.

Recent Military Funding Levels and Trends
Defense budget outlays of the United States are $266 billion for fiscal year (FY) 1998, and actual outlays (expenditures) are projected by the Office of Management and Budget to increase slightly over the succeeding four FYs (1999-2002): $256 billion in FY 1999, $262.9 billion in FY 2000, $265.9 billion in FY 2001.."

Abstract
This paper discusses how, when an attorney is defending a client, he or she has to determine the best defense strategy based on the specific situation of the case. The writer briefly looks at how different defense types include affirmative criminal defense, insanity defense, coercion and duress, abandonment and withdrawal, as well as others.

From the Paper
"Affirmative criminal defense is a legal approach that consists of tactic and theory. In a case the defendant's attorney will attempt to prove the prosecution's evidence as incorrect or false. However, in affirmative defense the attorney will accept parts of the evidence as true. These cases offer counter evidence that proves the client's innocence (Attorneys.com, 2011). A good example of using affirmative defense is first-degree murder. In order to be charged with first-degree murder, the crime has to be premeditated. The counter evidence in this type of case can be an alibi witness (Attorneys.com, 2011). If this witness can testify that the defendant was not at the crime scene and knew the exact whereabouts of him or her while the crime was committed, this could disprove the case. "

Tags:affirmative, insanity, coercion, duress

Abstract
This report provides the information necessary to troubleshoot industry obstacles and develop consistent marketing strategies. It looks at how technology in the defense/aerospace electronic markets is advancing at unbelievable rates. As these technologies begin to unite, the need for information from a variety of sources will become even greater.

From the Paper
"Most aerospace companies transversely the supply chains are active in both civil and military markets. Although customer requirements for military and civil aircraft are very different, a general technological base feeds both activities. The way in which the interface between military and commercial activities is managed varies from company to company. Specialized military aerospace divisions are the standard for the systems assemblers. Often aerospace corporations control military-oriented divisions operating in other sectors like electronics, shipbuilding, weapons and munitions, thus consolidating military activities across a range of sectors and areas of expertise. In contrast, the defense industries have had to face a reduction in the volume of the domestic and international markets from their climax levels in the mid-1980s. Worldwide military expenditure has fallen conspicuously. According to estimates from the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC), military expenditure is now below 2 percent of the global gross national product as compared to over 5 percent at the end of the1980s. Although R&D expenditures have also been pretentious by these trends, there are big differences across countries. While defense R&D has collapsed in Russia, among OECD countries it has fallen by less than 20% since the early 1990s and remains very momentous in many European countries. In France, for instance, public expenditure in defense R&D has fallen by a third since 1990, but its present level is the same as in the mid-1980s (Serfati 1998)."

Tags:russia, united, states, defence, production, domestic, economics, contractor, army, security

Abstract
This paper discusses the major issues surrounding entrapment defense strategies on the part of a defendant. It particularly examines the objective/subjective and the predispositional approaches to the interpretation of entrapment by the different states. It uses the outcome of a single hypothetical case as a reference for either approach, and shows the outcome to vary depending on a state's case law and precedent.

From the Paper
" Criminal Justice-Objective/Subjective In the case of the undercover female office arresting a male defendant for distribution of cocaine, in an objective/subjective entrapment state, a preponderance of evidence must be presented by the defendant illustrating excessive inducement on the part of the state. The danger for the defense in attempting to establish entrapment, especially by implicating the state as being somewhat complicit in the crime, is that the results are often the same regardless of the defense: "The controversy over the two versions of the test-the subjective and objective-is quite beside the point, because the two tests will virtually never lead to different results". However, in an objective entrapment state such as Washington, the defendant in this case may have a valid defense in that the plaintiff appears to have crossed the line of civil propriety."

Tags:entrapment, defense, subjective