Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the recent increases of the national defense budget. The author argues this was plotted by US President George Bush and the US Congress in order to increase economic growth for future generations of American citizens. The writer further argues that these increases are the type of funding that feed capitalism in a negative way by promoting war and war industries. The author concludes that the current spending trends do not consider the average citizen.

Outline:
Executive Summary
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Global Military Spending By Country
Background
Importance of the Research
Methodology
U.S. National Defense Spending Facts & Figures
Figure 2 Discretionary Defense Budget
Afghanistan and Iraq Missions and Impact on Defense
-Spending Increases
National Defense Spending Insanity Evidenced in Thoughtless Waste
Analysis of 'Who' is it that Profits from Increased Defense Spending
Counter Argument
Figure 3
Findings of the Study
Discussion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"According to the report entitled: "Recent Trends in World Spending: U.S. Military Spending Compared to World Spending" the United States military spending "...currently makes up 47% of the world military spending. The U.S. budget is also more than 8 times larger than the Chinese budget, the second largest spender." (Recent Trends in World Spending, 2006) In fact the rate of spending by the US military on a global basis rose 11% but if the costs of U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is subtracted from these figures the global military spending would have totaled a rise of only 4% in the year 2003 instead of the actual 11% rise stated. (Ibid) Additionally stated in the report is the fact that: "Among the four major spenders next to the USA- China, Russia, Japan, and, France. Only China has made any significant increase in its military spending since 1998 (an annual average rate of 10-12 %). Military spending in the other countries also increased but only moderately." (Ibid) The following table labeled Figure 1 shows the "Global Military Spending" by the countries of the United States, China, Russian, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Saudi Arabia, India and South Korea during 2002."

Tags:defense, spending, national, budget

Abstract
This paper takes a look at global defense companies and the adaptations they have been forced to make over the years, in order to survive. According to the paper, defense spending has resulted in increased production of goods and services needed to satisfy the increased demand, a process that contributes to higher income and employment in the economy. The paper discusses how cutbacks influence the general economy.

Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three: What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In spite of these changes in the nature of the threats being arrayed against the U.S. at home and its interests and allies abroad and despite President Bush's articulation of specific campaign promises to "skip a generation" in weapons procurement, all three of the Pentagon's advanced fighter plane programs continued to receive funding; in fact, in 2002 alone, almost $12 billion was allocated to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor, the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35, and the Navy's F-18E/F fighter plane (Ciarroco, 2002). According to Ciarroco, "The F-22 has been described as a costly cold war relic designed for an enemy that no longer exists. The Super Hornet, as the F-18E/F is known, has not been able to meet key performance goals that were used to justify its development" (2002, p. 2). The JSF (also known as the F-35) was considered one of the more likely programs to be cut or scaled back; within weeks of September 11, 2001, though, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $19 billion development contract, and international partners formally joined (Ciarroco, 2002). "

Tags:NGC, weapons, research, development, defense, budget, battlefields, pentagon, government

Abstract
This paper explains that America's current military spending is exceptionally high and has the country in a downward spiral towards financial disaster. The author points out that the funds are not coming from the wealthy supporters of Bush's administration, but, instead, they are already coming from cuts to much-needed public programs. The paper concludes that the U.S. government should be focusing its attention on peaceful alternatives to military action because the people of the world want peace.

From the Paper
"What benefit has come from the redirection of fund from the American working class to our military? Our government claims that we have liberated Iraq and that we are currently providing them with invaluable assistance. Unfortunately, this does not seem to be the case. "Iraq has been reduced to a state of intolerable chaos." Electricity is only available to some areas for a couple of hours each day, which is far less than was available before the war, which is affecting the ability of hospitals to treat the ill. There is also a lack of clean and safe drinking water, which combined with lack of refrigeration and air conditioning as well as limited vital supplies is leading to soaring death rates. Iraq remains largely unemployed.

Tags:iraq, disaster, programs, peace, military

Abstract
This paper examines the Major Defense Spending policy considered by the 106th Congress of the US Government and the outcomes in terms of congressional votes, resolutions, and laws on that policy issue.

Abstract
This research paper attempts to determine what will happen to the employees of companies such as NGC if the U.S. government deems it necessary to reduce current spending amounts on military systems. To this end, this study considers the research and development (R&D) options for companies such as NGC, specifically, which options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S. Moreover, this paper looks at whether the U.S. can remain a superpower in order to protect its people from terrorism, while reducing its military expenses.

Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three:What options will be most beneficial to the employees and the general public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In recent years, many pundits have been heard lamenting the loss of the 'good old days of Communism,' when America's enemies were well demarked and neatly contained in known geographic areas. By sharp contrast, today, the terrorist threats arrayed against the United States and its interests at home and abroad are dramatically different than years past, and even the most enthusiastic weapons systems advocates would likely be reluctant to suggest that such innovations would prove effective against these increasingly nebulous threats to America's security. In spite of the growing need for more sophisticated weapons and communications systems on the battlefield, some analysts suggest that the Department of Defense has failed to continue the pace of modernization projects that was historically maintained during the Cold War. One author emphasizes that, "It would be wrong to say U.S. forces have reached the point where they are forced to use obsolete weapons and equipment. On the other hand, according to the department, the need to step up modernization funding is growing with each passing year" (Brasher, 2000, p. 203). This is not to say, of course, that the new types and levels of threats have been ignored, but rather that defense spending is not being used to its maximum advantage today, but the policymakers are trying."

Tags:america, spending, cutbacks, budget, military, systems

Abstract
The paper discusses how development theory has tended to stress educational and human services investment, with defense spending criticized if it exceeds educational funding in particular. The paper explains the unique case of Taiwan and how it is compelled to attend to defense spending as is now possible due to its rapid economic development in 50 years. The paper argues that its education attended to earlier has produced a mixed public/private educational sphere adequate for Taiwan's needs and so their defense spending is justified. The paper postulates that those opposing the defense spending merely oppose its U.S. focus.

From the Paper
"For several years after the mid-1990s defense spending in Taiwan increased significantly in keeping with a National Military Strategy geared to the avoidance of war in the Taiwan Strait. Strong defense acquisitions include major weapons, security and intelligence systems have included with early warning and electronic warfare superiority advancing as well as blockade capability. Observers have examined Taiwan's defense agenda in comparison with other countries where defense expansion has sometimes triggered economic growth whereas critics argue that Taiwan should be investing in..."

Tags:development, taiwan, uniqueness

Abstract
This paper presents research, which shows the implications, by the year 2015, for a global defense company if there are cutbacks of more than 20 percent of the U.S. federal budget. The author presents an analysis of current projects to indicate how funding is used towards military sustainment and how projected cuts could affect those projects. The paper demonstrates how the employees of global defense companies, the military and the general population of the United States could be affected. The methodology for this study is content analysis.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Context of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Research Design and Methodology
Organization of the Study
What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Table:Government Contractors in Court
What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Table: Factors Mitigating the Impacts of Military Base Closures
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Base Closure Journal Articles and Texts
Table: Recapitulation and Summary of Influences on Defense R&D Journal Articles and Recent Media Reports
Overview of Northrop Grumman
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Northrop Grumman.
Overview of Boeing
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Boeing
Overview of Lockheed Martin
Table: Current R&D Initiatives by Lockheed Martin
Potential Research and Development Initiatives
Robotics and Robot Companions for the Elderly
Water Desalination Initiatives
Video Games
Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The quantitative aspects of the water supply have been widely studied as to specific regions of the world and it is possible to view these trends on a global level. According to Starr (1996), the next few decades are going to be characterized by conflicts - even wars - over increasingly scarce water resources. This author reports that, "Nature annually contributes in fresh water to the world's continents about ten times the world's water use for all purposes. On average, about 70 percent flows to the sea in seasonal floods."

Tags:adjustment options, content analysis, northrop grumman, water

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of increased military spending by the U.S. government, since the September 11 attacks. With the constant threat of terrorism and imminent war on the horizon, the United States government is spending billions of dollars on drastic measures to fight a large-scale war as well as to continue to combat terrorism. The paper includes a review of the opinions for and against this increase in spending.

Contents:
Introduction
Efficiency in Increased Military Spending
Equality in Increased Military Spending
Liberty and Increased Military Spending
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In today's society, military spending is on the minds of American citizens more than ever. With the constant threat of terrorism and imminent war on the horizon, the United States government is spending billions of dollars on drastic measures to fight a large-scale war as well as to continue to combat terrorism. Critics against increased military spending argue that the funds set aside for such defense measures could be better utilized in other areas that directly affect Americans, including education, healthcare, and economic stimulus packages. However, supporters of increased military defense spending argue that such expenses are critical for the United States to reassure Americans in their fears concerning terrorism and other threats against the homeland."

Tags:war, september, 11, politics, government, defense, terrorism

Abstract
The paper examines through analysis what measures the U.S. can take in this situation to mitigate against this risk while simultaneously not making the tense situation significantly worse. The paper explains that the heart of the matter is what the U.S. should do about the possibility that this technology will be applied to the creation of nuclear weapons that Iran can use to position itself as a regional authority, or employ to threaten U.S. interests and allies in the region.

From the Paper
"With the Iraq War approaching its sixth anniversary, and the recent change in administration at the White House, there is increased speculation about what, if anything, the U.S. should do about the possibility of Iran developing nuclear technology. Of course, to a significant degree, Iran already has nuclear technology, including centrifuges for processing uranium and other necessary technical components. The heart of the matter is what the U.S. should do about the possibility that this technology will be applied to the creation of nuclear weapons that Iran can use to..."

Tags:iran, nuclear, u.s.

Abstract
The framers of the U.S. Constitution intended to assign more power to Congress than to the presidency. Bearing in mind that Americans had waged revolution against monarchy, the framers intended to put a check on presidential power and gave Congress the power to override a presidential veto and to impeach and remove a president. However, the history of U.S. politics reveals that the presidency is a constraining force on Congress and presidents have frequently used the constitutional power to veto legislation passed by Congress.

Tags:the, presidency, of, the, u.s., government