Abstract
The paper reveals that catastrophic birth defects are found in 3 out of every 100 live births in the United States and are caused by either genetic or environmental problems. The paper goes on to relate how the costs of birth defects are tremendous; hospital care alone comes to $2.6 billion a year and individual costs are much higher. The paper discusses prevention that includes early screening, proper diet, nutrition, avoidance of pollutants, etc.

From the Paper
"Catastrophic birth defects are more common than people realize. Some, but not all are preventable. They have a major impact on families and on society in general. According to the United States Center for Disease Control: Birth defects are conditions that 1) result from a malformation, deformation, or disruption in one or more parts of the body; 2) are present at birth; and 3) have a serious, adverse effect on health, development, or functional ability. ("Hospital Stays...")"

Tags:birth defects, genetics, environmental

Abstract
This paper describes heart defects, includes statistics, and explains the relation to anatomy, as well as types of diagnostic imaging.

From the Paper
"When doctors make a diagnosis of heart defect they are usually referring to a congenital heart defect or one present from birth. Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect affecting ... of every ... newborns. More than ... babies each year are born with congenital heart defects. There are many types of heart defects, ranging from minor to major in significance. The defects may affect either the heart's interior walls or the valves inside it, or they can affect..."

Tags:heart defects, congenital, anatomy, imaging

Abstract
This paper explains that, for several decades, the medical community has alerted the public to the incidence of birth defects that are directly related to radiation, underscoring the long-term impact that exposure to radiation has on the body and on future offspring. The author points out that exposure before conception carries a risk of specific birth defects including mental retardation and childhood cancers. The paper stresses that to avoid these risks in the future it is important to re-evaluate the location of nuclear reactor sites as well as the frequency of x-rays.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
The Basics
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A defect occurs when there are changes in the DNA. Changes can occur spontaneously or can be caused by an external factor. One of the external factors that have been strongly linked with changes in the elements of DNA is exposure to radiation. Changes that are caused or directly linked to the exposure to radiation are referred to as mutations.
When these changes result from radiation exposure they are called radiation-induced mutations."

Tags:germline, somatic, dna, reactor, x-rays

Abstract
This paper addresses the topic of congenital brain defects, a group of disorders of brain development.

Abstract
This paper explains that persons with psychopathy, who do not have the incapacity for feeling empathy and guilt, and who are impulsive, egocentric and chronic violators of social, moral and legal norms, have a defective personality, complemented by their defense mechanisms. Next, the author relates that psychopathy begins an early age, expands into adolescence with poor socialization and ineffective self-regulation. The paper underscores that effective treatment and control of the psychopath is difficult because of the psychopath's relative immunity to adequate imprisonment and his lack of response to any kind of psychiatric treatment.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Where It Starts
On to Adolescence
Treatment and Control of the Psychopath

From the Paper
"The other difficulty is that a psychopath is likelier than others with behavioral problems to convince and deceive his therapist that treatment has been effective. He can well act out that he has developed a changed insight, which will now make him deserving of parole and no longer a risk to society. Many daily newspaper reports of armed robberies, rapes, and murders are results of optimistic but wrong estimates of therapeutic success. An over-estimation of that success rather contributes to tragic events, such as those reported in the media. No evidence at present demonstrates that psychiatry or the law can deal effectively with psychopaths."

Tags:fantasies, intact function, criminals measurements, impulsivity traits

Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of Intel in financing the $675 million replacement of defective motherboards and looks at the solutions available to the problem. The relative importance of the problem to the company is also presented.

Tags:Motherboard, defects, financing, cash flow, debt equity ratio, capitalization, public offerings

Abstract
This paper first discusses and examines the roles that customer satisfaction, the push-pull mooring mechanism, and relationship marketing play in customer loyalty. The paper then examines how women are typically more capable of mastering these roles and thus have fewer customer defection rates.

From the Paper
"The other aspect to be looked at is Relationship Marketing and it translates into sales in very similar ways within the communication of sales reps to their customers. Relationship Marketing requires that sellers become knowledgeable about customer needs and requirements. Because salespeople represent the primary point of customer contact for the firm, they are in an excellent position to learn about ever-changing customer needs.(3) Because customer-oriented selling techniques are critical for the formation of long-term customer relationships, the value of a learning orientation becomes clear. Highly learning oriented selling behaviors and may therefore play a key role in long-term customer relationship management. (3) It may be that female sales reps have learning orientation that satisfies the customer relationship in a more thorough way than do the male sales reps."

Tags:sales marketing customers, defection rates, prices, push variable strategies

Abstract
This paper explains that the Uniform Commercial Code sets forth liability under the implied warranty of merchantability in states that have adopted only the Uniform Commercial Code instead of imposing strict liability negligence statutes for defective products. The author points out that, in states with strict liability statutes for defective products, tort liability is predicated on three specific types of defects: manufacturing defects; design defects; and failure to warn. The paper relates that, conversely, in states relying on the U.C.C., liability is predicated on contract law for breach of warranty.

From the Paper
"Under contract theory, this express warranty would seem to trigger
liability for breach of warranty, in addition to strict liability under tort theory for failure to warn, one of the traditional avenues to establishing strict liability under California's definition of a defective product. Ordinarily, liability is a function of the absence of an adequate warning of potential danger. Mongo failed to provide any such warning and actually provided an express warranty as to the absence of any dangers "inherent" in cherry pies. Recent California case law would have required warnings even where the danger encountered by the consumer is natural to the product in question, such as a cherry pit in a cherry pie."

Tags:contract, mango, code, mexicali, california

Abstract
This paper highlights and explains Golding's theme in "Lord of the Flies" about defects in society. It also discusses aspects of the literary devices Golding uses in his novel, such as symbolism, setting, and robust and colorful characters.

From the Paper
"In Golding's book, Lord of the Flies, the theme that he implies is that the defects of society seem to be traceable back to the defects in human nature. He illustrates this theme showing that man's "coating of society" runs only skin deep. He uses symbols, setting, and characters to aid the evolution of this theme."

Tags:beast, children, flies, lord, human, nature, conch, ralph, piggy, island

Abstract
Scientific discussion of external factors that might affect pregnancy and foster congenital birth defects in newborns. Prenatal development. Effect of pharmaceuticals, legal chemical substances, alcohol, narcotics & tobacco use by women on pregnancy. Effect of absence of essential nutrients such as Zinc. Cites several other causes of congenital birth defects. Variables. Problem of serious diseases of pregnant women & necessary drugs.

From the Paper
"This research examines the phenomenon of teratogens, or factors external to the physical experience of pregnancy, during the period of gestation, which may affect pregnancy outcomes by fostering congenital birth defects in newborns. The research will set forth the clinical context in which teratogenic agents achieve relevance for the course of pregnancy in the modern period, and then discuss the impact that concern about teratogens may have on efficient and prudent pregnancy management.


On the face of things, the generally accepted definition of a teratogen would appear to be straightforwardly informative. Mosby's initially defines a teratogen as "any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal prenatal development, causing the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus" (Teratogen, 1998, p. 89). However, amplification of the..."