Abstract This paper explains that recent studies have associated positively DVT or deepveinthrombosis with internet usage, gaming and internet cafes, indicating that there might be severe risks associated with extended computer use without exercise. The author points out that deepveinthrombosis is generally caused by a thickening of blood in the veins, which can be life-threatening when a clot is formed that can travel to the heart or other vital organs. The paper states that the objectives of the study are (1) to ascertain the relationship of computer usage and the role that internet cafes play in the prevalence of deepveinthrombosis (2) to discover ways to alleviate and prevent DVT and (3) to take into account other variables, such as obesity, blood diseases that lead to clotting, smoking and a family history of DVT.
From the Paper "This study is particularly pertinent to the Asian Internet cafes and community situation as countries like Korea have become the center of the online gaming community. "If Japan is the hub of the console industry, then neighboring South Korea is the hub of the online gaming industry - most notably, the massively multiplayer online gaming industry." In this regard Korea is known as the world's "most wired society" and the amount of tie spent on online gaming is very high, making it a country where rates of DVT can be expected to increase."
Abstract This paper addresses the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of deepveinthrombosis. It provides an overview of the body's two systems of veins and discusses how deepveinthrombosis can occur. The paper also discusses the methods of diagnosis of the disease and then looks at the various ways that it can be treated - both surgically and non-surgically.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
From the Paper "In instances of complicated thrombosis, including patients with pulmonary embolus, most often these patients are admitted to an acute care inpatient unit. There they receive an unfractionated IV heparin drip and then are subsequently converted to enoxaparin at a rate of 1 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously, every 12 hours. Eisenson (2007) cites Buller et al. as recommending against the use of an inferior vena cava filter in addition to anticoagulants, for the initial treatment, unless there is a contraindication for or complication of anticoagulant treatment. Or if thromboembolism is recurrent, despite anticoagulation."
A look at the most appropriate non-medical nursing intervention to prevent the incidence of deepveinthrombosis (DVT) among surgery patients through a review of three artices.
Abstract Graduated compression stockings are widely used to prevent deepveinthrombosis (DVT), but their use in clinical practice is variable and is usually not as effective as research suggests. This paper discusses the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent the incidence of deepveinthrombosis among postoperative elderly patients with hip fracture by reviewing three articles consisting of quantitative, qualitative, and systematic research. Using specific criteria to assess each article, the paper determines which article is the most useful.
Outline:
Relevance and Significance
Summary of Evidence
Research Problem
Purpose
The Studies
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic
Implications for Practice
Strategies to Change Practice
Appendix A
Appendix B
From the Paper "The American Nurses Association (2006) conducted a systematic study where the focused research question was: Are graduated compression stockings effective for the prevention of DVT? The criteria were that definite conclusions about effectiveness had to be possible. The criteria were appropriate and clear since samples had to be large and below-knee stockings evaluated. It is not likely any relevant studies were missed since the research was done by the American Nurses Association (2006) to guide practice. The validity was carefully appraised to the extent that all the studies were discarded. The results were not similar. They were divided into two groups: stockings versus no stockings and stockings combined with another preventive measure. It was the difference between studies that caused the problem. "
This paper analyzes three nursing research articles, using quantitative, qualitative, and systematic designs, seeking the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent deepveinthrombosis (DVT).
Abstract This paper explains that Hayes et al. as presented in 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Updating Practice, Improving Compliance' in the 2002 "MedSurg Nursing" used qualitative research based on interviews; however, there was no report of the literature review, research design or description of the participants. The author points out that the article by Sprigg and Gray 'Compression Stockings and the Prevention of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism' from a 2004 "Evidence Based Practice Information Sheets for Health Professionals" described a nested observational design but has problems with validity and reliability and therefore cannot be generalizable to all patients. The paper concludes that the best article is the systematic review by the American Nurses Association 'Graduated Compression Stockings: Prevention of Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism is Crucial' in a 2006 "American Journal of Nursing" because the suggestions and recommendations are based directly on the research and are usable.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic Review
Ratings
Conclusion
From the Paper "Sprigg and Gray's (2004) study is strong because of its use of confounders such as medications and the effect of other illnesses. The committee was blinded to what patients were wearing stockings. Data were collected three times and consisted of assessing the patient for either adverse or beneficial outcomes. There were no withdrawals but two percent were excluded. The rating would be S (strong). Hayes et al. (2002) supply very little information. The only information is on data collection which was done through interviews."
Abstract This paper presents a brief historical perspective of inferior vena cava filters, discusses the effectiveness for individuals suffering deepveinthrombosis (DVT), points out indications and contraindications for use and potential short and long term side effects. The history presented stems from the concept of DVT in 1860 to surgical interventions in the 1930s and 40s to the development of the IVC filter in 1967 and then on to the developments in the present.
From the Paper "In 1967, Siskin and Kwan tell us that the first inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, the Mobin-Uddin umbrella filter, was developed by a surgical forum to replace surgical ligation and prevent the occurrence of a pulmonary embolism. From that its first introduction in practice in 1972 research indicates that in the last 34 years (Siskin and Kwan; Gomez, Salwon & Basson) filters of varying shapes and materials have been developed. This paper presents a brief historical history, effectivity for individuals suffering deep vein thrombosis (DVT), indications and contraindications as well as potential short and long-term side effects."
Abstract The central claim of "deep ecology" is that we need to correct an anthropocentric bias in our attitudes to the nonhuman world, and in particular to extend moral concern across time and across species. This paper will examine the benefits and the shortcomings of anthropocentrism within the framework of 'deep ecology'. As well, this paper will attempt to demonstrate both the value and some of the limitations of this framework with respect to the problem of anthropocentrism.
From the Paper "A clot in a blood vessel is called a thrombus, and venous thrombosis usually refers to a condition in the deep veins of the legs known as deep vein thrombosis. Thrombosis can occur in other veins, but it is deep vein thrombosis (DVT) that is potentially dangerous. This paper will look at the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of deep vein thrombosis.
"The legs contain two major groups of veins: superficial veins which lie in the fatty layer under the skin, and deep veins which lie within the calf muscles. Short veins connect these two venous groups. Thrombi in the superficial veins are harmless, but thrombi in the deep veins can break loose and lodge in small arteries in the lung (emboli) obstructing blood flow (Berkow, Beers and Fletcher, 1997, p. 141). Most of the blood from the legs returns to the lungs, so large emboli can be fatal..."
Abstract Deepveins in the legs and pelvis join to form a large vein in the back of the abdomen, known as the inferior vena cava, which carry blood from the lower part of the body to the heart. This paper explains how the inferior vena cava is usually a single large vein that forms from many smaller veins in the early stages of development of a human embryo. The importance of this vein is discussed and an examination of health risks if this vein is damaged.
From the Paper "The superior vena cava, which is one of the largest veins in the body, works to return blood back to the right atrium from the upper part of the body. The inferior vena cava is important for carrying the blood back to the right atrium from the lower part of the body. The inferior vena cava is a large vein--about as big as a broom handle--in the abdomen and chest. It drains most of the blood from the legs and abdomen and takes it to the heart. The heart then pumps then pumps it into the tiny vessels of the lungs to get fresh oxygen and then out again into the general circulation."
Abstract This paper explains the condition of varicose veins and the discomfort caused to the sufferers of this condition. It then examines classic treatments of varicose veins, while comparing these to the alternatives of endovascular laser and microphlebectomy treatments. The benefits of the treatments are explained and analyzed.
From the Paper "Advances in technology and procedure however have resulted in a new minimally invasive procedure that combines the use of endovascular laser surgery and microphlebectomy to remove varicosities that occur below the knee (Pearce, 2003). The use of endovascular laser is limited primarily to the greater and minor saphenous veins, which are often implicated in venous disorders. The use of endovenous laser has greatly altered the manner in which patients currently receive care. Laser treatment typically involves a one day out of office procedure conducted using local anesthesia only, though intravenous sedation may also be utilized. Microphlebectomy is then utilized to remove the smaller varicose veins that often are fed by saphenous insufficiencies in the lower calf. Microphlebectomy is also minimally invasive, requiring only pinpoint incisions to be made in the lower calf. The bulging veins are subsequently removed. Patients are asked to wear high grade compression stockings for a two week period to prevent clotting or recurrence. They are able however, to return to work or regular activities almost immediately."
Abstract This paper describes the environmental impacts of deep sea fishing in general, with a focus on the issue of over-fishing. The paper examines the equipment utilized by deep sea fisheries, claiming that it may also impact the environment in a negative way. The paper contends that not only are habitats and eco-systems destroyed as a result of deep sea fishing, but entire species are on the verge of distinction, while other non-target species have also been impacted in a negative manner.
From the Paper "The environmental impacts of deep sea over fishing are many, including detrimental reductions in fishing species/populations. Over fishing can result in a modified community species composition and reduced genetic diversity through "selective targeting on species and particular size classes" (Shotton, 2003). Over fishing has the greatest impact on the environment at large. Reductions in genetic diversity and in species or populations alter the composition of habitats and can impact the environment in many ways. Coral reefs are one example, facing extinction because of a lack of herbivorous species to keep algae in check."
Abstract In the last twenty years, the debate over global warming, deforestation and other conservation issues have become part of the national conscious. People are becoming more and more aware of the many destructive impacts of man on the global environment. Rising to meet this problem is a movement called Deep Ecology. Deep Ecology proposes a number of values aimed at influencing people to realize their connection to their environment and to do everything possible to live in global harmony.
This paper argues the concept of ecocentrism, as expressed in the philosophy of the deep ecology platform, the basic tenets of which are explained in this paper.
Abstract This paper explains that, for all of recorded history, Western cultures have operated on an implicit foundation of anthropocentrism, which assumes that human beings are the most important beings in the world. The author points out that ecocentrism, also known as biocentrism, is the exact opposite of anthropocentrism in that it sees the ecosystem itself as central. The paper relates that the first principle of the deep ecology movement, as formulated by Arne Naess and George Sessions in 1984, gives expression to the essence of ecocentrism. The author further states that the deep ecology platform is a foundation that might make it possible to save the planet, humans and most of the other still surviving species; however, none of the above will come easily to most people, accustomed to considering humans as the center of the universe and the pinnacle of all creation.
From the Paper "However, sacrifices will have to be made. One cannot drive a luxury SUV through a Garden-of-Eve like paradise - one of them has to go. The trick will be for enough people to realize it is the SUV that needs to go. Of course, the SUV is meant as a metaphor for the many excessive luxuries that so many people insist on, generating a consumerism that has sustained the multinational corporations that are devouring the resources of our planet. Thus, what needs to happen is a total shift in what we value."
Abstract "The Deep End of the Ocean" is a book about grief and how an imperfect American family deals with the loss of a son. The book explores the themes of grief and loss, uncertainty, and of guilt, as it delves into the Cappadora's reactions to the loss of their three-year old son, Ben. The paper analyzes this central theme of the novel and how it influences the characters.
From the Paper "There are several themes explored in Mitchard's book. Primarily, The Deep End of the Ocean is a book about the emotion of grief. Mitchard delves deeply into the theme of grief and loss, and chronicles this experience in all of the immediate family members. This grief is the focal point of the novel, and runs through almost every experience the family has after loosing Ben. Before his disappearance, Ben worries that the ocean is too deep, and will harm him, Beth replies, "Don't be afraid. Mama would never let the ocean snatch you away" (page 126). The deep end of the ocean is an excellent metaphor for the grief, and depth of loss that Beth and the other family members feel after Ben is disappears."
Tags: grief, loss, guilt, uncertainty, emotions, parent, child, family, america
Abstract This paper reviews the film "Run Silent, Run Deep", produced 13 years after the end of the Second World War and starring some of the premier actors of the time. The author gives the film high praise, calling it an intense human drama of ego and duty. According to the author, the film avoids pandering to Cold War stereotypes, instead examining how in the midst of horrific conflict, the line between the ego and duty can easily become blurred.
From the Paper "Run Silent, Run Deep brilliantly captures the claustrophobic and tension-ridden atmosphere of a submarine at war. Made in 1958, it's a fast paced and thoroughly engaging wartime drama that stars some of the preeminent actors of the day: Clark Gable and Burt Lancaster. Alongside the two leading men is an excellent ensemble cast that includes Don Rickles and Jack Warden."
