Abstract
The paper introduces and explains bioluminescence, a capability found in various deep sea species towards the generation of usually blue-green light by way of a unique processes. The paper explains that this capability arises independently in 30 or so evolutionary patterns. The paper addresses the implications of bioluminescence and looks at the scientific applications that make use of capable bacteria/small organisms whose light generating ability alters in response to chemical changes.

From the Paper
"Bioluminescence refers to the production of light within living organisms that is common to many sea animals and a few land species. The process refers to a chemical reaction whereby there is an emission of light by an organism, as can also be reproduced in test-tube scenarios involving a biochemical system derived from an organism. The etymology of the term involves the Greek bios or `living' and the Latin lumen or `light'. The self-production and emission of light by chemical reaction involves a conversation of chemical to light energy that..."

Tags:bioluminescence, deep sea, implications

Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes the philosophical differences between deep ecologists and shallow ecologists, and how they view renewable energy. The paper also defines each and their approaches to ecology. The paper also explores the evolution of each philosophical outlook and its main principles.

From the Paper
"The main difference between deep ecology and shallow ecology is that deep ecology believes in the intrinsic value of everything on earth, human and nonhuman alike. Shallow ecology assigns value to an inhuman object in so far as it is instrumental to human ends. (Roberts) The glossary definition of shallow ecology is a critical term applied to superficial environmentalists who claim to be green but who are quick to compromise and who do little to bring about fundamental change. Shallow ecology was the dominant thought until..."

Tags:deep ecology, shallow ecology, renewable energy

Abstract
This paper reviews the factors that influence the availability of food in the deep-sea environment. Given that the deep sea is a made up of a complex set of ecosystems and is part of a larger, interconnected environment affected by large-scale global events, the constraints on food availability are both internal and external. The paper discusses both internal constraints, which relate to the physical and chemical properties of water and to events occurring with the deep sea, and external constraints, such as food web dynamics, seasonal variations, changes caused by human activity such as deep-sea mining, recent abyssal warming and freshening, global warming. The paper concludes that these internal and external constraints on food in the deep sea must be taken into account when determining global and local policy regarding the exploitation, consumption, management, and conservation of marine and other resources.

Outline:
Introduction
General Internal Constraints on Food Availability in the Deep Sea
Food-web Dynamics
Seasonal Variations
Chemoautotrophy
Abyssal Warming and Freshening
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It has generally been held that because the deep sea is remote and isolated, with generally low current velocities and virtually no sediment erosion at the abyssal seafloor [35], it is a fairly stable and self-contained environment with its own internal dynamics, that has undergone relatively little change over geologic timescales, unaffected by the mass extinctions that were common in terrestrial environments and even in the surface oceans. The high percentage of geologically older taxa in the deep sea appears to support this conclusion [19]. It is theorized that the deep sea, particularly the nutrient-rich environments of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps may have served as "refugia" for ancient faunas during the mass extinctions that occurred in the euphotic zone during the Phanerozoic [22, 41]. However, evidence is accumulating that the deep sea is not insulated against catastrophic or other large-scale events [22] and that such events have affected, and continue to affect, food availability in this region of the marine environment. These discoveries are consistent with the growing realization that the oceans and the atmosphere form one single interconnected environment.
"Large-scale events can occur both internally and externally to the deep sea, and both types affect food availability. The most significant external large-scale event that currently impinges upon the deep sea and its food supply is global warming. The attention that this phenomenon has been receiving recently has led to a surge of interest among marine scientists and others in examining its effect on the deep-sea environment. However, not much research has been done so far in relation to the effect on food availability. The discussion that follows will analyze food availability in the deep sea in terms of both the internal and external constraints that have shaped and continue to shape the diet and feeding patterns of the deep-sea community, with emphasis on the external constraints and, in particular, the effects of global warming and other human-generated environmental phenomena."

Tags:food web dynamics, global warming, chemoautotrophy, hydrothermal vents, whale falls, particulate organic matter, phytoplankton, acidification, biodiversity

Abstract
This paper describes the environmental impacts of deep sea fishing in general, with a focus on the issue of over-fishing. The paper examines the equipment utilized by deep sea fisheries, claiming that it may also impact the environment in a negative way. The paper contends that not only are habitats and eco-systems destroyed as a result of deep sea fishing, but entire species are on the verge of distinction, while other non-target species have also been impacted in a negative manner.

From the Paper
"The environmental impacts of deep sea over fishing are many, including detrimental reductions in fishing species/populations. Over fishing can result in a modified community species composition and reduced genetic diversity through "selective targeting on species and particular size classes" (Shotton, 2003). Over fishing has the greatest impact on the environment at large. Reductions in genetic diversity and in species or populations alter the composition of habitats and can impact the environment in many ways. Coral reefs are one example, facing extinction because of a lack of herbivorous species to keep algae in check."

Tags:species, extinction, coral, reefs

Abstract
This paper explains that recent studies have associated positively DVT or deep vein thrombosis with internet usage, gaming and internet cafes, indicating that there might be severe risks associated with extended computer use without exercise. The author points out that deep vein thrombosis is generally caused by a thickening of blood in the veins, which can be life-threatening when a clot is formed that can travel to the heart or other vital organs. The paper states that the objectives of the study are (1) to ascertain the relationship of computer usage and the role that internet cafes play in the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (2) to discover ways to alleviate and prevent DVT and (3) to take into account other variables, such as obesity, blood diseases that lead to clotting, smoking and a family history of DVT.

From the Paper
"This study is particularly pertinent to the Asian Internet cafes and community situation as countries like Korea have become the center of the online gaming community. "If Japan is the hub of the console industry, then neighboring South Korea is the hub of the online gaming industry - most notably, the massively multiplayer online gaming industry." In this regard Korea is known as the world's "most wired society" and the amount of tie spent on online gaming is very high, making it a country where rates of DVT can be expected to increase."

Tags:air-travel, sitting, relationship, factors, objectives

Abstract
This paper addresses the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis. It provides an overview of the body's two systems of veins and discusses how deep vein thrombosis can occur. The paper also discusses the methods of diagnosis of the disease and then looks at the various ways that it can be treated - both surgically and non-surgically.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Overview
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment

From the Paper
"In instances of complicated thrombosis, including patients with pulmonary embolus, most often these patients are admitted to an acute care inpatient unit. There they receive an unfractionated IV heparin drip and then are subsequently converted to enoxaparin at a rate of 1 mg/kg, injected subcutaneously, every 12 hours. Eisenson (2007) cites Buller et al. as recommending against the use of an inferior vena cava filter in addition to anticoagulants, for the initial treatment, unless there is a contraindication for or complication of anticoagulant treatment. Or if thromboembolism is recurrent, despite anticoagulation."

Tags:DVT, compression stockings, catheter thrombolysis

Abstract
This paper explains that, for all of recorded history, Western cultures have operated on an implicit foundation of anthropocentrism, which assumes that human beings are the most important beings in the world. The author points out that ecocentrism, also known as biocentrism, is the exact opposite of anthropocentrism in that it sees the ecosystem itself as central. The paper relates that the first principle of the deep ecology movement, as formulated by Arne Naess and George Sessions in 1984, gives expression to the essence of ecocentrism. The author further states that the deep ecology platform is a foundation that might make it possible to save the planet, humans and most of the other still surviving species; however, none of the above will come easily to most people, accustomed to considering humans as the center of the universe and the pinnacle of all creation.

From the Paper
"However, sacrifices will have to be made. One cannot drive a luxury SUV through a Garden-of-Eve like paradise - one of them has to go. The trick will be for enough people to realize it is the SUV that needs to go. Of course, the SUV is meant as a metaphor for the many excessive luxuries that so many people insist on, generating a consumerism that has sustained the multinational corporations that are devouring the resources of our planet. Thus, what needs to happen is a total shift in what we value."

Tags:anthropocentrism, implement, excessive, population, preserve

Abstract
In the last twenty years, the debate over global warming, deforestation and other conservation issues have become part of the national conscious. People are becoming more and more aware of the many destructive impacts of man on the global environment. Rising to meet this problem is a movement called Deep Ecology. Deep Ecology proposes a number of values aimed at influencing people to realize their connection to their environment and to do everything possible to live in global harmony.

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the book, "A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier," written by Ishmael Baeh. The paper shows how the text effectively serves to address the western perspective that war is a normal event for the African child. The paper relates that the book discounts this position by showing the deep psychological damage levied on such children as Baeh.

From the Paper
"That Baeh would even live to tell his story is among the most incredible aspects of the text. That he could do it with such frankness, openness and forgiveness--most of all to himself--would be the distinguishing feature of the work and its author. There is little question in reflection for the reader that Baeh's experience would become devastatingly normal and necessary for survival, marking him not as a villain but as one who has been exploited. His story represents ably and movingly the crime committed upon countless children, robbed of innocence, youth and--so often--life by the call to arms. Ultimately, the author commands empathy for so effectively conveying this point, provoking the reader to a greater awareness of the manner in which children are victimized by the terrible strains of war. In a kill-or-be-killed scenario, it is only appropriate that one who has killed such as has Baeh has be forgiven for his will to survive."

Tags:exploitation, war, bloodshed, innocence

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses an interview with the manager of a 99 Cents Only Store. The purpose of the research and the interview is to learn as much as possible about the operation of a single unit. The writer discusses the market for such items, the types of customers and profits.

From the Paper
"According to the store manager at a local Cents Only Store interviewed, one would be surprised at the kinds of people who shop at cent stores. Saul told me 'We attract customers from across the economic and social spectrum'. Question: Why there is a market for the products? "I think everyone is interested in finding a bargain. We offer bargains. We survive as a chain because we buy in bulk and sell in bulk." Question: How does this chain make a profit?

Tags:Profile, Interview, store manager, publicly traded, surprises, size, buying power, deep discounters