Abstract This research paper explores the claim that celibacy within the clergy results in sexual deviation. The paper begins with an elucidation of the problem within the Catholic Church and an explanation for the propagation of celibacy in Catholic theory. It then goes on to list the three main myths associated with celibacy; namely, that Catholic priests are more likely to become pedophiles than any other group of men, that the celibate state of the priesthood leads to pedophilia and that married clergy would make pedophilia and other forms of sexual misconduct cease to exist. The paper then proceeds to explore both sides of the argument of whether a relationship between celibacy and sexual deviance exists, and in doing so, the writer brings in the opinions of various experts. The paper continues by looking at the treatment of sexual deviance by the Catholic Church and concludes by deducing that there is no connection between celibacy and sexual deviance.
From the Paper "In today's society, the Catholic Church is confronted with two important issues regarding sexuality. The first is the scandal of sexual abuse of children by priests, which is a highly publicized issue that it damaging the reputation of the Catholic Church in the United States. The second is the question of whether priest should take a vow of celibacy and remain unmarried."
Abstract The paper hypothesizes that Isoproterenol will increase the heart rate of a chick embryo heart, in which the chick was incubated for approximately 48 hours, when topically applied. The author of the paper shows that the reasoning for this hypothesis is that Isoproterenol acts as a sympathetic stimulant by stimulating the beta receptors found in the heart, and these kinds of stimulants (hence the name stimulant) tend to speed up actions. Especially since this chemical mimics norepinephrine's effects, I deduced that this would speed up the heart rate. An experiment was performed on 48-hour chick embryos and the results are discussed in the paper.
From the Paper "Description: An egg was incubated for approximately 48 hours. I am approximating 48-hours based on the comparison of my embryo to pictures of the different stages. Once removed from the incubator, I made an incision around the circumference of the egg and removed the roof, exposing the interior. The embryo with all structures still attached- in situ- (yolk, egg white, etc.) was poured into a dish of saline solution. The egg remained in the same position for a couple of hours, blunt-end up, so that the embryo conveniently lay on top. The temperature of the water was measured as 32?C and the normal heart rate of the chick was recorded as 76bpm."
Abstract This paper begins with some general comments on the attributes possessed by Spartan warriors that can be deduced from Pressfield's book. It goes on to outline the plot of the work, concentrating on the features and influence of Spartan culture. It discusses the Spartan trait of dedication, the experiences of Spartan youths in training and the Spartan mentor/student relationship. The paper concludes with a synopsis of the impression of Spartan warriors given by Pressfield's work.
From the Paper "What constitutes a Spartan? Indeed, what characteristics are exemplary of a Spartan? According to Steven Pressfied in his work, "Gates of Fire", Spartans are synonymous with the term warrior. So much so in fact, that one is likely to find the word Spartan in the thesaurus when researching the term "warrior". In his book, Pressfield provides the reader with very detailed and accurate descriptions of the ideal Spartan, as portrayed through the eyes of a freedman, a former slave recruited into the service of Spartan warriors, an individual in awe of the intensity and fearlessness of the warriors he has encountered. One can most definitely conclude upon reading this work that Spartans were raised in a society or culture that praised fearlessness, cunning, strength and courage."
Abstract As an adherent of Greek philosopher Parmenides? teachings that plurality and change are unreal, Zeno (approximately 490 - 430 B.C.E.) set out to prove Parmenides right. His demonstrations attempted to show the absurdities of the opposite view, that the world really contains plurality and change. The paper explains Zeno's methods of taking his opponents? hypotheses and, by deducing from them contradictory consequences, reduce them to absurdity. The paper concentrates on Zeno's set of four riddles which he devised to illustrate the unreality of motion. By means of these riddles Zeno demonstrated that Pythagorean science cannot define motion without running into inconsistency or impossibility. The paper examines why these four short stories are paradoxes and explores some of the solutions put forward to resolve them.
From the Paper "Brumbaugh says that the Pythagoreans seemed to agree that separate ?points,? and "moments" make up the physical world, including space and time. They thus would have defined motion as passing through a number of spatial points during a number of time moments, a definition similar to that which we have of velocity today. There was also agreement among the Pythagoreans that any continuous stretch, such as a line, could be bisected. However, the Pythagoreans did not agree on the size of the moments or points. They might have no size, or they might have a minimum, but finite, duration and extension, respectively. Furthermore, Brumbaugh suggests that the Pythagoreans did not agree on how they should think of the points making up or determining a line. Should they be thought of as points next to each other, or as points marking off segments, with spacing filling in the intervals between? (Brumbaugh, 63f)"
Tags: Stadium Achilles and the Tortoise, Flying Arrow Moving Rows Churchman
Abstract This paper presents an overview of the global future prospects with respect to culture, technology and economics. The author points out that growing the world economy is the key to our and the rest of the world's future prosperity. This paper deduces the facts associated with the future of the global market.
Abstract This paper will discuss the nature of the serial killer in the juvenile stages of development. By understanding the sociological implications that this gives, we will seek the motives for this type of pathology in the world today. By examining the factors that can sociological show the occurrence of this type of crime, we can deduce the themes that can create it.
Abstract This seven-page undergraduate paper presents a comparative analysis of Amazon.com against eBay. It deduces the analysis with respect to the various communication levels in both the organizations.
Abstract This twelve-page graduate paper is a study of the features of various pension plans. It begins by defining different and extant structures of pension plans and moves on to deducing their relative benefits and disadvantages. The paper concludes by outlining the major features of a good pension plan.
Abstract This paper discusses Custer's biblically-based, scholarly work, "Witness to Christ". The paper explains that Dr. Custer's purpose in writing this book is to bring the reader close to the message, the culture, and experiences of the 1st century church as recorded in the "Book of Acts". The paper deduces that the book, "Witness to Christ", is a refreshing work, faithful to orthodox and fundamental Christian faith.
From the Paper "Many who undertake to write on spiritual matters do so with an eye to explain spiritual matters in a way that is acceptable to modern man. For these authors, Jesus was a great man, but not the son of God. For this group, the early church was a group of misguided and overly enthusiastic groupies who needed a political leader with divine attributes, and the record of Jesus contained in the New Testament is nothing more than the embellished stories which they told each other in order to find comfort in their political and social misery. Not so for Dr. Stewart Custer. Dr. Custer's treatment of the Book of Acts in his book Witness to Christ is a biblically based scholarly work which expounds on the record while honoring the identity of Christ as the Son of God, and God the son. For bible students who want to get to know the historical context of the early church, while at the same time building an orthodox, fundamental understanding of both the bible and the early church, this book is a powerful addition to a personal library."
Abstract This paper explains that, unlike other "law-centered" societies, Islamic law is neither a remnant of history nor ancient origins revisited, but rather an intricate, multi-threaded cluster of thoughts and actions, which the Islamic persons shaped and customized as they opposed and accepted Euro-American colonial endeavors. The author points out that, in Islamic systems, religion plays a vital part so that these countries are categorized as theocratic states; whereas, the majority of English-speaking nations, such as the U.S., England, Australia, and New Zealand, are characterized by a tough antagonistic structure, wherein lawyers deduce, and judicial functionaries are compelled by example. The paper relates that Islamic law, called Shariah law, is all-pervading in governing a person in almost every aspect of daily life.
From the Paper "Islamic legal system is not a legal system, like the Korean or Indonesian legal system, but instead a legal custom, akin to the common or civil law custom. A legal tradition is a package of identical beliefs, attitudes, and practices relating to the required segments of a legal system, inclusive of the extent and rationale of the law, the way in which regulations are built or explored, the characteristics and function of legal performer and the way in which the law is imbibed, executed, developed and modified. Similar to the common law and civil law traditions, Islamic law does not subsist in a clean form anywhere, but impacts in varying quantities in diverse manner several domestic legal systems of the world."
Abstract Marx, Lenin, Hayek, and Keyunes are the primary political-economic theorists of the modern period. Each of them has forwarded his response to capitalism, either supporting, rejecting, or qualifying it. On the basis of these responses, one may easily deduce where each of the four stand on the question of capitalism's merits and its capacity to harness economic energies and productive resources and to protect individual liberties and political freedoms. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the theories of each of these four thinkers.
From the Paper "From the above, it may be safely deduced that Keynes qualified his acceptance of capitalism and its capacity to protect individual freedoms. According to the argument he presents, capitalism is most definitely the preferred economic system and has the greater capacity to harness economic resources and productive energies. However, capitalism, as with all economic systems, was susceptible to crisis."
Abstract This paper examines how there adequate support to deduce that there still is a traditional language of respect, which is used by women in Nguni and Sotho cultures. It looks at how among the older women there is still a positive attitude towards the custom, although urbanisation and political and social change are responsible for a decline in the use of Hlonipha.
From the Paper "Hlonipha - which derives from the root -hloniph- means 'respect', and it covers both linguistic and behavioural aspects. It is claimed that Zulu King Shaka arrived at a well after travelling a long distance. He wanted to name the place 'amanzi amnandi' or 'fresh sweet water'. Out of respect for his mother, whose name was 'Nandi', he named the place 'Amanzimtoti', inventing a new word. 'Toti' had thus become the hlonipha word for 'mnandi'. King Shaka may have been one of the first to use hlonipha, but this language of avoidance is predominantly used by married women. Men and children use hlonipha but to a lesser extent. The Nguni woman, on the other hand, is expected to hlonipha her whole life."
Abstract This paper examines how the criminal justice system is a means of social control, as it influences the views that society holds and the actions that are acceptable within it. It can therefore be deduced that particular aspects of the criminal justice system have the same type of social control. It discusses a particular aspect of this type: The sentencing of criminal offenders, which perpetuates systemic discrimination. The main points of the paper examine the various ways that inequality occurs among socio-economic classes, races and genders through sentencing and how these inequalities create control within a society.
From the Paper "One aspect of how sentencing within the Criminal Justice System is a means of social control is through the way it propagates inequality among socio-economic classes. "Economic conditions are thought to affect social control response directly. Greater inequality implies the presence of elites who are motivated and able to use legal mechanisms of social control to maintain their privileged position" (Jacobs). When there is a prominent distinction between classes distributed into upper, middle and lower classes with several combinations of any successive two, than more strict punishments are prescribed through sentencing, as those classes that consider themselves to be the elite want to remain in that position, and believe that through stricter punishment of offenders, they can posses that control over society and keep their rein."
This paper discusses that Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Ptolemy are the intellectual fathers of the scientific method because of their stress upon inquiry in a methodological fashion, rather than acceptance or explanation with story and myth.
Abstract This paper explains that the Greeks, such as Aristotle, did not have a theocratic tradition to hold them back, rejected monarchies, opting for republican systems of government, which allowed a relatively free flow of intellectual thought in contrast to some other ancient kingdoms, such as Persia. The author points out that Aristotle deduced the elements of atomic theory, a theory later proven to be correct with the aid of modern technology and postulated the now accepted theory of physics that all matter is merely converted into a different substance and is never destroyed. The paper relates that one of the values of Greek scientific inquiry and the postulates of early thinkers like Aristotle was that the Greeks first suggested that the human, naked eye is not the harbinger of all truth.
From the Paper "Of course, nothing proved more discomforting than the idea that earth and humanity were not the center of creation-but this was more true Galileo's time than in Ptolemy's as it should be noted that even Ptolemy's erroneous acceptance of the earth's central place in the universe was not taken on faith. While his error was accepting that the planet's orbits were circular rather than oval, and he lacked an appropriate telescope to give him a full range of information about the cosmos, he was still able to elaborate on the theory of planets in orbit, and to account for such astronomical confusion of the time, such as the apparently backward motions of some of the planets in the sky and their periodic variations in size or brightness depending on the seasons."
This paper discusses and analyzes why some firms will reduce working hours before making staff redundant and increase overtime just before hiring new staff.
Abstract This paper explains that the model of labor demand in terms of hours worked by employees assumes that firms instantly adjust their employment when the economic environment or business cycle changes; hence, rational firms will always try to minimize their adjustment costs when making decision on altering their labor force, whether through hiring new workers or laying-off staff. The author points out that adjustment costs tend to produce the familiar phenomena of labor hoarding or reduction of working hours during a slump and increased use of extending overtime during a boom. The paper deduces that the relationship between output, hours worked and employment follows a lagged pro-cyclical trend but so must labor productivity, especially if it is measured as output pertaining to each employee; thus, as output and hours worked fall during the economic recession then so does the level of output per worker.
From the Paper "Figure 1 below, illustrates the cost structure faced by any given firm in choosing between alternative lengths of the working week at any given time. The variable parts of wage costs are especially crucial: (i) the basic wage, w0 per hour, which operates under normal working hours; (ii) the basic wage augmented by overtime premium, w1 above normal working hours. The basic wage is constant up to normal hours HN. Hence, in the absence of guaranteed wages of any sort, the average variable cost per hour is equal to marginal cost, AVC = w0H/H = w0 = MC, and shown by the line ae."
