Abstract
The paper explains that SIGINT was the designation for the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service in the World War II period. This is explained in the story of the VENONA program, that being a code name referring to a project to examine encrypted Soviet diplomatic communications. The paper relates that SIGINT is responsible for gathering messages and for overseeing decryption efforts on intercepted messages. The paper notes that for most of the period since World War II, these efforts have been targeted specifically at messages from and to the Soviet Union.

From the Paper
"SIGINT was the designation for the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service in the World War II period. This is explained in the story of the VENONA program, that being a codename referring to a project to examine encrypted Soviet diplomatic communications. SIGINT is responsible for gathering messages and for overseeing decryption efforts on intercepted messages. For most of the period since World War II, these efforts have been targeted specifically at messages from and to the Soviet Union. The end of the Cold War and the start of the terrorist era has altered that focus somewhat. The VENONA case teaches first that it is best to presume a widespread..."

Tags:intelligence, electronic, encryption

Abstract
This paper takes a look at data security, an extremely serious issue in today's technological world. The paper discusses how data security is perhaps the most vital component in any business or industry desiring to retain a secure and advantageous position in the market.

Contents:
Introduction
Data Security Breaches: Attacks and Counterattacks
Attacks
Counterattacks and Features
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Backups and CDs where the confidential files are saved have become one of the favorite attacking and breeding grounds for crackers because if these backups are updated on the deletions but include all the latest versions being used, then the hacking or access to these backups could be more fatal. A factor leading this trend is the increased security in the server database (Committee on Computing and Communications, 2005). Another important thing to note is that tangible backups kept by a company are far more easier to reach and thus at risk to being stolen by crackers in order to get hold of the sensitive data; which is why their security is as important as software and data stored on the computer. In addition, eavesdropping, i.e. interfering and interpreting encrypting data during its transfer, and its decoding, is emerging as another highly utilized hacking application. Another most common hacking application used currently is to construct a decoy website for an evidently "account information" renewal, a.k.a. as "Phishing" that can easily turn out to be a trap a hole to get into the system and acquire data (Committee on Computing and Communications, 2005). "

Tags:security, breach, decryption, key, secure, file, transfer

Abstract
A study of Crytography, the science of mesage encryption. It discusses the history of cryptography and its development during World War II. It discusses the Enigma machine and carefully details its instructions for use. It also discusses cracking the Enigma and includes examples of this in history. This paper analyzes the Enigma and concludes that all codes will eventually be cracked by dedicated and bright Cryptanalysts no matter how complex the algorithm. Also, security is more than just having a brilliant machine. It was not the Enigma that failed in World War II, it was human error.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Background and Early Cipher Technology
The Enigma Machine
Receiving Instructions
Cracking the Enigma
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Cryptography can thought of as the science of message encryption. The battle between Cryptographers (code makers) and Cryptanalysts (code breakers) has been waged since 3000 BC as each tries to outwit the other. Cryptography is essential in performing secure transactions, governing countries and commanding armies. The threat of messages being decrypted has been the motivation for cryptographers to develop new, more complex algorithms in hopes of temporarily staying one step ahead of the Cryptanalysts. Likewise, the motivation for breaking codes can be the difference between winning a war and losing it. As a result, the coder breakers and their computers rose to prominence during their battle in World War II versus the Enigma cipher machine."

Tags:cipher, computer, decryption, encryption, enigma, Germany, history, rejewski, turing, wwii

Abstract
This paper examines how the needs of the e-commerce community and of the nation to protect itself must both be taken into consideration if the nation is to create a balanced and mutually beneficial approach to improving Internet security. It explores how the market is demanding improved and easier to use encryption technology and how the Government wants to limit, or at least guide, the availability of the same. It looks at how the development of public policy and corporate behavior that can satisfy both is the key to making advancement in encryption technology available to the masses.

From the Paper
"The science of cryptography offers many potential solutions to the drawbacks of early copy protection schemes, and the operative word is "potential". Cryptography has long been used by military and intelligence agencies to transmit messages so that foreign governments could not decipher them. (Fleischmann 1995) As early as the second world war, the US and foreign governments utilized encryption schemes in order to disguise their communications. Simple encryption is the process of scrambling readable text to make it unreadable based on a key known only to the sender and the receiver. Decryption, on the other hand, is the unscrambling process which occurs on the other end."

Tags:government, protection, communications, decryption