Abstract This is a report on Don Nardo's book "The Declaration of Independence: A Model for Individual Rights". The book presents the Declaration in both a historical and philosophical light, pointing out in various revisions of the Declaration, what elements have survived into present-day American moral beliefs, and which have been abandoned or altered. The paper also discusses the taxation and military occupation that instigated the American Revolution.
Abstract This paper looks at the history of U.S. military engagement since the end of WWII, with particular emphasis on the Persian Gulf War of 1990. It points out that Congress has not formally declared war since December 11, 1941, against Germany and that, during the course of the last several decades in United States history, the citizens of the U.S. have been continually forced into war without a formal declaration of war supported by the U.S. Congress. The paper then discusses the War Powers Act, which has made it possible for Congress to avoid making actual declarations of war while still permitting major military engagements such as the Persian Gulf War.
From the Paper "Congress has not formally declared war since December 11, 1941 against Germany in response to a formal Declaration of War by Germany against the U.S. (Paul, 2002). When Congress does formally declare war, a task that requires small effort on the part of representatives, an enemy is clearly defined and the task at hand is readily made clear. A clear cut victory is also expected as was the case of the Declaration of war against Germany and Japan. During the course of the last several decades in United States history, the citizens of the U.S. have been continually forced into war without a formal declaration of war supported by the U.S. Congress. The most recent example prior to 2003 of this was the war started in the Persian Gulf. Such action taken by the president of the U.S. exemplifies the pomposity and overbearing authority the president has placed upon himself over the citizens of this country."
Abstract The paper looks at the Balfour declaration and examines the declaration that was produced by historical British solicitude for European Jewry. The paper explains how this and exigencies of World War I diplomacy contributed along with many other factors to Israeli independence in 1948. The paper details the circumstances that led to the adoption of the Balfour Declaration.
From the Paper "This research paper analyzes the circumstances which led to the adoption by the British government in November of the Balfour Declaration and discusses its principal consequences including the relationship between its adoption and implementation and the eventual establishment of the State of Israel."
Abstract In this paper, the writer examines the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen," written by the National Assembly in 1789. The writer discusses that the Declaration laid out a series of basic assumptions about the natural rights of man. Further, the writer contends that Baron de Montesquieu, writing 30 years earlier, would have agreed and disagreed with some of the basic premises of the Declaration.
From the Paper "The 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen' written by the deputies of the National Assembly in 1789 lays out in seventeen articles a new vision of government, in which protection of the natural rights replaced the will of the king as the justification for authority. Thirty-one years prior Baron de Montesquieu published his work 'The Spirit of the Laws' in which he attempts to explain human laws and social institutions. In many respects Montesquieu's thought foreshadowed later political projects most notably the drafting of ... "
Tags: natural rights, french revolution, 1789, Declaration of the rights of man and citizen, montesquieu
Abstract This paper delves into the reasons why the British Government created the Balfour Declaration. It examines the true motives and despite their wish to help the Jews set up a homeland, they also had their own domestic issues at heart -from the necessity of securing the Suez Canal to the desire to empty their country of the Jewish people to avoid a rise of anti-Semitism.
From the Paper "The Balfour Declaration was declared partly to elicit support from the powerful American Jewry who, in gratitude, might convince the United States to help Great Britain in the allied war effort. The Allies' (Great Britain, France, and Russia) outlook for World War I was bleak at the time: most battles they were fighting or had fought ended in stalemate with no victor. They needed a new ally that would tip the balance in their favor, allowing them to defeat the Central Powers (Germany, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire). In the current stage of the war, the U.S. was apathetic to joining either side, but they had substantial military potential and financial resources. If Britain issued a document that favored a Jewish home in Palestine, they thought that this inducement would be enough to encourage American Jewry to aid Great Britain in the war.1 The British believed the American Jews were extremely wealthy and among U.S. President Wilson's top advisors. Contrary to this notion, there were very few American Jews that were politically powerful, wealthy, or even Zionists that would appreciate this type of document. Britain's ignorance of the status of American Jewry thus played a main factor in the issuance of the Balfour Declaration.2 Here it is apparent that the British claim of Zionist sentiment really had no effect on their decision to issue the Declaration. They acted quickly and complied with British Zionists to design a quid pro quo that said " if the Allies committed themselves to giving facilities for the establishment of a national home for the Jews in Palestine, [the Zionists] would do their best to rally Jewish sentiment and support throughout the world to the Allied cause."3 Hence, the British used the Balfour Declaration merely as a tool to utilize what they thought was powerful Jewish influence in the United States. It is most probable that if the Allies were winning World War I at the time, the Balfour Declaration would not have been issued. There was not a strong Zionist commitment within the British Parliament and the Jews were used only as a part of Great Britain's bigger plan to bring the U.S. on the Allied side.4"
Abstract This paper discusses the events leading up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the occurrences that lead the Continental Congress to take action. It further discusses Thomas Jefferson's views in writing the document, and his belief that no man should be overpowered by a country that disregarded his freedom. The paper then discusses the changes in the original document, and the reasons that those changes were made.
From the Paper "At the time of the writing of the Declaration of Independence the 13 American colonies, (known as British-America) were holding conventions of the colony leaders. These colony leaders were known as the Committees of Correspondence ("Declaration"). Within these committees the leaders were attempting to make decisions on the future of the people that they represented. However, the colonies, and the people who inhabited them, where all still under the control of the British government and the crown. The British government imposed severe taxes on all merchandise from British-America, including tea. Furthermore, the British rulers upheld their laws in British- America by exporting offenders to England, where they were to be tried and convicted of crimes against the crown ("Declaration"). Therefore, the committees drafted letters that detailed their thoughts on issues of the day, and those letters were carried between the colonies to be disbursed."
Abstract The paper relates to individuality and community. The premise of the paper is that it is said that there needs to be a balance between individuality and community. The works of Kwame Gyekye, Confucius and Charles Taylor are examined in detail. These are chosen due to their diversity. The main conclusion of the paper is that many philosophers believe that there needs to be a balance between individuality and community.
From the Paper "Philosophy asks many interesting questions about individuality and community. Is the individual more important then the community? Is the community more important then the individual? Or are the individual and the community equally important? These questions have been treated differently by different philosophers and by different philosophic traditions. This essay will argue that many philosophers believe that there needs to be a balance between individuality and community. In order to prove this argument, the works of Kwame Gyekye, Confucius and Charles Taylor will be examined. These works were chosen because they are from radically different philosophical traditions."
Abstract This paper discusses individual rights versus public order and argues that public order takes precedence over individual rights. The paper assesses the duties of both citizens and of government and then details various situations in which there are tensions and conflict between the two.
From the Paper "In this report, the notion of individual rights and public order are examined and an argument advanced in favor of the primacy of public order over the rights of the individual. Generally, as Levinson has commented, in..."
Tags: public order, individual rights, Immanuel Kant, U.S. Constitution
Abstract This paper deals with the individual, society and technology. In this article, the writer takes the negative view. The writer discusses the view that society is being taken over by technologies and that the individual would be enslaved. The topic of surveillance is also covered in this paper.
From the Paper "Many films have examined the relationship between the individual, society and the coming communication universe. The most important of these films have been 'Wagging the Dog', 'Simone' and 'The Matrix'. Each of these films demonstrates how communication technologies can be used to shape reality. 'Wagging the Dog' demonstrated how the news media can shape the political realm, 'Simone' showed how a computer generated person could fool everyone into believing that she was a real person and 'The Matrix' suggested that an individual's entire reality could be generated by computers, virtual reality and multimedia technologies."
Abstract This paper analyzes the life of Robert A. Johnson as shown by his book "Balancing Heaven and Earth." The paper notes the meaning of individuation, Jung's view of it and how Johnson applied the idea to his own development as a person and as a psychologist, with the process of individuation seen as a process of becoming and of unguided development over time.
From the Paper "The Jungian idea of individuation can be observed in one's own life and also in accounts of individual experiences with sufficient psychological insight, such as the personal memoir in the book "Balancing Heaven and Earth" by Johnson and Ruhl (1998), an account of experiences by R.A. Johnson, one of the leading Jungian analysis in the country. The book is identified as both a guide and a memoir ands links in its subtitle "visions, dreams, and realizations." Johnson reports on his own dreams and links these to his development as a human being, finding in these dreams and in how they affect him evidence of Jung's ideas about individuation. Jung's analytical psychology depicts dreams as deriving from certain primordial images found in the collective unconscious and representing symbols whose meaning is found within this collective unconscious."
Abstract This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of individual counseling and group counseling in helping children who are experiencing divorce or separation in their families.
Abstract This paper compares and contrast methodological individualism and methodological holism through social movements and protest groups. Methodological holism is the better tool for predicting group behavior, or at least for viewing it properly.
Abstract This paper utilizes functionalist, conflict , interactionist, critical, feminist and figurational theories to analyze the relationship to the individual to sports.
From the Paper "There are several social theories related to sports and the individual functionalist theory, conflict theory, interactionist theory, critical theories, feminist theories and figurational theory. Each of these theories ..."
Tags: sports, social theories, individual, society
Abstract This paper discusses individual rights in England and America before the Constitutional Convention. The paper begins by discussing the Charter of Liberties, enacted into English law in 1100 under King Henry I. The paper explains that the charter specifically addressed the king's treatment of church officials and was intended to ensure their freedoms in the country. The charter attempted to address the known abuses that that former kings had levied against those representing the church, and it restricted the king's power by law. The paper also explains that the Charter of Liberties was considered the framework for the Magna Carta and that it was agreed to by Henry I.
Abstract This paper discusses the rising medical costs in the US in the last ten years. The paper specifically looks at how consumers have behaved as a result of the rising costs. The theory of individual behavior is used to demonstrate how consumers have acted on the price increases and the indifference curve that defines the combination of two goods that give a consumer the same level of satisfaction is also used to analyze the impact of medical costs.
From the Paper "It is no surprise that medical costs have been on the rise for the past decade. The truth is that "for inpatient and outpatient services, the costs have been increasing due for the most part to new technology, increased utilization, new construction, and cost-shifting from government payers and the uninsured." (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2009, p.5) With the increases in medical costs, how have consumers behaved? The theory of individual behavior gives us a good understanding of how consumers have acted on the price increases. The indifference curve that defines the combinations of two goods that give a consumer the same level of satisfaction can analyze the impact of the medical costs as well."
Tags: health care, individual behavior, indifference curve, budget constraint, economics
