Abstract
The paper compares the 9 step model to the decision tree in terms of advantages and disadvantages, as well as the approach to problems presented. The paper defines what the decision tree is and looks at how, in terms of a managerial or work-related decisions, the decision trees are useful. The decision trees clearly state out different courses of action, as related to different variables and restraints that may appear. The paper looks at the advantages of using a decision tree when making a decision. By comparing the two different models, the paper concludes that the decision tree is actually part of the 9 step model as the 9 step model is more complete in its approach.

From the Paper
"The decision tree starts with listing the decision that needs to be made , listed at the top of the tree. Each possible solution that can be adopted depending on different variables will form different branches of the decision tree. Each branch may carry its own ramifications, if, for example, each solution brings about new conditional variables (for example, an organization may have to decide on either launching a new product or consolidating the existing one, but launching a new product can be done either through innovation or through purchasing an existing line from a competitor). Each of the branches will have a measurable outcome, evaluated in term of cost, profitability, increase in market share etc. Each outcome will have attached an estimated probability that it will happen. Multiplying the probability with the outcome value for each node will allow us to have, in the end, a final score for each of the possible decisions and numerically evaluate the options."

Tags:outcomes, analyze, optimal, decision, evaluating, factors, solution, implementation

Abstract
The paper discusses how management decision-making styles may be quite different in different parts of the world: in some regions, individual decision-making is preferred whilst in other nations or cultures the focus is upon group decision-making. Ultimately, it is the contention of this writer that different decision-making technologies will have an impact upon the design of information systems used to support decision-making in international businesses insofar as a system put in place for individual decision-making will focus more on information retrieval (for the individual executive) whilst a system for a group or collective decision-making approach will be fixated more on helping to connect people to one another.

From the Paper
"As we all know, management decision-making styles may be quite different in different parts of the world: in some regions, individual decision-making is preferred whilst in other nations or cultures the focus is upon group decision-making. Ultimately, it is the contention of this writer that different decision-making technologies will have an impact upon the design of information systems used to support decision-making in international businesses insofar as a system put in place for individual decision-making will focus more on information retrieval (for the...)"

Tags:decision, making, information, gathering, styles

Abstract
This paper considers how empowerment and participative decision making improves the decision making process within organizations. It looks at downsizing efforts that empower workers and the benefits to the organization of participative decision making.

From the Paper
"In recent years groups have become increasingly important in the American workplace as companies move toward fewer managers, more empowered workers and away from hierarchical organizational structures ..."

Tags:decision making, participative decision making, group decision making, empowerment

Abstract
This paper reviews the importance of modeling in policy analysis and the use of decision tree analysis. It looks at the tools available to help policy makers. The writer uses the example of Firestone tires on the Ford Explorer sports utility vehicles as an application of decision trees in decision analysis.

From the Paper
"There is a large variety of tools available to help decision-makers. This paper focuses on one of these tools decision tree analysis. The consideration of the decision tree decision analysis tool begins with are view of the ..."

Tags:Decisoon, analysis, Decision, tree, Policy, analysis

Abstract
This essay explores the emotions and feelings in the decision making process. It does this by first defining what is meant by the decision making process. It then looks at emotions and feelings in consumer psychology, relating how this impacts on the decision-making process. The essay also views the role of these emotions and feelings in the decision-making process in the South African context, and discusses various ways in which emotions and feelings can be used in a marketing strategy to enhance marketing communication (i.e.: the combination of advertising, the sales force, public relations, packaging and any other technique in which that the company provides itself and its products) and a company's total product (i.e.: the entire set of characteristics involved in the marketing strategy).

From the Paper
"The most perverse and influential assumption in consumer behavior research is that a decision making process precedes purchases (ie: that the consumer goes through a complex process of deciding what and where to purchase, before the actual purchasing itself). Many definitions of the decision making process exist, but most agree that two or more actions occur within it and, therefore, choice must occur. In addition, individual consumer's "evaluative criteria" facilitate the forecasting of each alternative's consequences for the consumer's goals or objectives. Further, the chosen alternative is determined by an evaluative procedure, and information sought from external sources or retrieved from memory is processed in the application of this evaluation process (Olshavsky & Granbois, 1991). Interestingly, there is evidence that a significant proportion of purchases may not be preceded by a decision process, and that for many purchases, a decision process never occurs."

Tags:african, consumer, context, culture, decision, emotions, feelings, making, market, process, psychology, south, strategy

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the practical applications of decision theory on organizations. The writer describes the methodology and an application of this decision support tool in a hospital billing department.

From the Paper
"Decision Theory and Methodology Decision theory involves attempts to describe analyze and model the process of decision making. Decision theory encompasses both formal mathematical and statistical approaches to decision making and more informal behavioral approaches. Advances in decision theory have allowed this process to make effective contributions to modeling of the decision-making process. Most decision theories are normative or prescriptive meaning these theories are concerned with identifying the best decision to take. The practical application of this prescriptive approach is called decision analysis. The goal of decision analysis is ..."

Tags:decision theory, methodology, organizational structure, optimal decisions, normative, cost center

Abstract
This paper is on group decisions in communicating. Group decision communicating often consists of orientation, conflict, emergence, and reinforcement. Decision-emergence theory is an explanation of the complex communication process that groups go through in doing any projects. These steps often make or break the group.

Tags:group decision, communicating

Abstract
The writer relates that reading and analyzing the website content relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Peter Drucker, and "Using Data" has been useful in formulating a decision-making process he would rely upon when leading an organization. The writer explains how these readings provide decision-making data that can be analyzed, absorbed, and incorporated into a decision-making process and methodology he can utilize when leading an organization.

From the Paper
"Reading and analyzing the website content relating to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Peter Drucker, and "Using Data" has been useful in formulating a decision making process I would rely upon when leading an organization. These readings provide decision making data that can be analyzed, absorbed, and incorporated into a decision making process and methodology I can utilize when leading an organization. In the article, "Mistakes to Avoid in Decision Making," (Caruth, July 2000) the author emphasizes that there are eight major mistakes that..."

Tags:decision, making, process

Abstract
The paper discusses the dichotomy between conflict and decision making in business situations, how these are addressed, both by themselves and together, and how they are understood by the people in that organization. The paper notes that these situations can have much to do with how the organization progresses and whether the people in it get along and understand one another. The paper discusses how conflict does not always come from bad decisions but may originate from disagreements over decisions that turn out to be good, and it can also come from failure to make decisions in a timely manner. The paper also discusses how conflict is often tied to the decision making process and how it is an important and necessary part of running a business.

From the Paper
" The company's performance and the performance of its competitors must be taken into account, as well as other factors, when a decision that will affect the company is being made, and there are several ways to ensure that this information is processed in the best way possible and that the decisions made are the most logical and up to date for the ever-changing market that the organization is involved in. Knowing the market is very important to the company who is using its decision-making strategy to find a larger niche or make itself more well-known or profitable".

Tags:competitors, decision-making, strategy, ideas, attitudes, belief, structures, opinions

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines a telephone message handling problem at a hospital that resulted in lost customer messages and lost revenue, as well as low customer satisfaction. The paper details how Decision Tree Theory was used to arrive at the cause of the problem and a solution, and how Kurt Lewin's Change Theory applies in this case.

From the Paper
"This paper details a telephone message handling problem that created a customer satisfaction problem at a local hospital. The problem is identified. Decision Tree Theory is used to get at the root of it and then used again to develop a solution and the use of Kurt Lewin's Change Theoryi s anticipated to implement it.
"Decision-making is one of the most vital processes that takes place in a health care facility even more so in the globalized environment of today where the boundaries ..."

Tags:decision making, hospital, medical, change, process improvement, Kurt Lewin, Decision Tree Theory, GAMC, telephone message handling, job redesign