Abstract
This report endeavors to present some insight into the various deceptive accounting practices that were utilized prior to the recent scandals. The focus of the paper homes in on two very recent account situations that made media headlines, namely the recent Enron debacle and the latest bankruptcy by United Airlines. It looks a how the results of both of these situations will continue to influence the way all companies in the United States, and even some international organizations, will view and present their finances to the public and other governing bodies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Arthur Anderson
Enron
United Airlines
Bankruptcy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"An example of the sinister ploy Enron executives used to bilk the nation can be demonstrated by the CalPERS natural gas project of 1997. CalPERS was a company that no longer wanted to work with Enron and so they backed out of a big deal with Enron. Enron executives could not afford to lose the derivative effect CalPERS provided so Enron executives created their own entities to replace CalPERS. Enron literally made up companies that were in effect used as derivatives to reduce losses. "Known as Chewco, it was a partnership controlled by Enron employees, including Kopper. According to the Powers report, Chewco and similar partnerships were engaged in shuffling assets to cover losses and create illusory profits."

Tags:enron, united, airlines, arthur, anderson

Abstract
This paper compares the concept of deception with the character of Kate in William Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew". The argument that Kate uses deception as a survival technique is used throughout the essay, concluding with how Kate sought to maintain her very freedom through presenting a "tamed" version of her true nature.

Abstract
This paper is an assessment of McCall's and Arrington's arguments. One is a means to attack advertising, the other is a defense of advertising. Neither argument is convincing because of their approaches.

Tags:deceptive, advertising, justifiable

Abstract
The paper discusses how Schermer (2007) indicates that deception is the intention of making someone else believe something that is not true without "uttering a falsehood" (p. 13). The paper describes how Schermer (2007) goes on to indicate that the use of the device could be viewed as deceptive because when it is used the nurse must convince the demented patient that someone is on the phone when in actuality they are not (p. 13). The paper explains that this practice becomes deceptive, rather than a lie, depending on the wording that is used to entice the patient to use the phone. The paper offers the example that the nurse might state that the patient should listen to the phone, which is not a lie, but the voice that is heard is also not in real time, and is recorded, however, since the patient will most likely assume that the voice is real and respond to it, the practice becomes deceptive because the voice is not real and no actual conversation is taking place. The paper notes, however, that if the nurse stated that there was a specific relative on the phone, Schermer (2007) indicates that this would be a lie because there is only the recorded voice and not the actual person on the other end of the line (p. 14). The paper shows how overall, the device is deceptive because it is the intention of the nurse to prompt the person to use the phone and have a conversation with someone who is not there.

Tags:nursing, article, review

Abstract
The paper discusses the need for the detection of deception during the investigative, interrogation and testimonial phases iof the criminal process. The paper demonstrates how individuals seeking to conceal the truth employ common tactics in word usage, sentence structure, and specific content of their statements to investigative authorities. The paper therefore shows how investigators can distinguish truthful statements from deceptive ones with considerable reliability.

Outline:
Deception Detection in Criminal Investigation
Deception During the Investigative Phase
Deception During the Interrogation and Testimonial Phases
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Criminal investigation includes the evaluation of statements for truthfulness or deception at every stage of investigation and interrogation, as well as during sworn testimony. In that regard, trained criminal investigators must be aware of numerous cues available in the content of conversations, the context of word choice, omissions intended to conceal information of guilt of complicity, and nonverbal cues in posture, eye contact, and unconscious physical gestures intended to mislead investigators or conceal the truth (Sandoval, 2008)."

Tags:truth, words, sentences, posture, eye, contact, mannerisms

Abstract
The paper features an in-depth analysis of the still-life paintings of Cuban artist Julio Larraz, which combine deep symbolism and emotion in vibrantly colorful palettes and scenes infused with drama, humor and psychological references representing the perspective of Latin American life under oppressive dictatorship in the 20th century. Julio Larraz is a celebrated contemporary painter who began to exhibit his works in the U.S. after 1967: the paper closely examines a number of specific works produced during the 1980s. Julio Larraz is currently an active, prolific artist, exhibiting his works in the U.S. , Europe , and Latin America .

From the Paper
?Within his still-life paintings, Larraz achieves visual transmission of his sentiments through the handling and selective placement of the natural forms of everyday objects. The still-lifes feature objects derived primarily from nature such as vibrant fruits, flowers, and shells, usually placed within or upon a man-made vessel, pedestal, or table. Repetitive use of the containment of organic objects within such vessels in works such as Four Lobsters in a Tub (1984) and All Hands Aboard (1983) is reflective of Cuba's position in regard to U.S. "containment" policies of the Cold War era, isolation of Cuba as a Communist regime within a Latin American sphere striving to embrace democracy and develop free-market economies, the economic isolation imposed by the U.S. trade embargo of the 1960s, and the futile attempts to halt the continuous outflow of millions of Cubans to U.S. borders. Larraz also made reference to disguised elements within society in portrayals of baskets filled with a variety of colorful fruits, among which the viewer may glimpse such espionage hardware as a camera, his chosen instrument of exposure (The Spy Ship (1980) and Mango Boat (1986)).?

Tags:artist, castro, color, eclipse, fruit, kalishnikof, latin, life, miami, ocean, painting, sea, still, symbolism

Abstract
The paper examines William Shakespeare's "Hamlet" and Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" and illustrates how, in these works, people and circumstances are misjudged because of how they appear rather than how they really are. The paper shows how characters in "Hamlet" become victims of skewed perceptions of truth and that perception changes reality while the characters in "The Metamorphosis" also have a skewed perception of Gregor.

From the Paper
"In Hamlet is a play that revolves around the appearance of things and the confusion that brings. Individuals suffer because of differing views or opinions of the truth. Because individuals interpret reality differently, reality (or perception) has many people baffled. Characters in Hamlet become victims of skewed perceptions of truth and that perception changes reality. Hamlet does not see the marriage of his mother in a decent manner and because he has such hostile feelings toward his mother, he cannot look at Ophelia the same way, either. Hamlet's perception of reality is altered because of his grief. He can barely see beyond his father's death without being forced to look at his mother's remarriage."

Tags:perceptions, reality

Abstract
This paper discusses how deceit and dishonesty abound in the criminal world, and when investigating officers employ similarly deceptions against suspects they run the risk of becoming criminals themselves. The proper and improper use of deception to elicit confessions from unwilling suspects is outlined and defined. The possible positive and negative impact of the use of deception is detailed from an ethical and Constitutional perspective.

Tags:investigation, deception, ethics

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the ethics of the use of deception in psychological research. The writer first defines the terms 'ethics' and 'deception' and then moves on to discuss the impact of deception, especially as it relates to the costs-benefits ratio. The final section of the paper develops and presents several conclusions based on the presented discussion and reviewed research.

From the Paper
"According to Pierce deception in psychological research exists in a rather grey area of ethical practice in that is neither uncommon nor prohibited yet it is strongly discouraged. But should it be? Does the use of deception in psychological research seriously violate ethical research practice and if so what are the boundaries within which such a violation may actually be acceptable given the benefits arising from the research? The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethics of the use of deception ..."

Tags:research methods, deception, psychological research

Abstract
This paper gives a chapter-by-chapter analysis of the 2002 book, "The Art of Deception" written by Kevin Mitnick, a famous computer hacker. Its focus is on the human element of social engineering and how it can be used to deceive the trusted computer user. The paper concludes by pointing out the need for a company to understand risk of computer attack.

From the Paper
"The following presents a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of this book with a conclusion. Part I Behind the Scenes includes the first chapter Security's Weakest Link. This chapter presents information about the need for a company to understand the social engineering attack risk. The author points out that the human factor makes a company vulnerable despite the use of optimal security products and procedures. The human factor is the security's weakest link. This human link can be used to gain..."

Tags:deception, security, social engineering, information, computer hacker