Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the ethics of the use of deception in psychological research. The writer first defines the terms 'ethics' and 'deception' and then moves on to discuss the impact of deception, especially as it relates to the costs-benefits ratio. The final section of the paper develops and presents several conclusions based on the presented discussion and reviewed research.

From the Paper
"According to Pierce deception in psychological research exists in a rather grey area of ethical practice in that is neither uncommon nor prohibited yet it is strongly discouraged. But should it be? Does the use of deception in psychological research seriously violate ethical research practice and if so what are the boundaries within which such a violation may actually be acceptable given the benefits arising from the research? The purpose of this paper is to examine the ethics of the use of deception ..."

Tags:research methods, deception, psychological research

Abstract
This paper discusses how deceit and dishonesty abound in the criminal world, and when investigating officers employ similarly deceptions against suspects they run the risk of becoming criminals themselves. The proper and improper use of deception to elicit confessions from unwilling suspects is outlined and defined. The possible positive and negative impact of the use of deception is detailed from an ethical and Constitutional perspective.

Tags:investigation, deception, ethics

Abstract
This paper gives a chapter-by-chapter analysis of the 2002 book, "The Art of Deception" written by Kevin Mitnick, a famous computer hacker. Its focus is on the human element of social engineering and how it can be used to deceive the trusted computer user. The paper concludes by pointing out the need for a company to understand risk of computer attack.

From the Paper
"The following presents a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of this book with a conclusion. Part I Behind the Scenes includes the first chapter Security's Weakest Link. This chapter presents information about the need for a company to understand the social engineering attack risk. The author points out that the human factor makes a company vulnerable despite the use of optimal security products and procedures. The human factor is the security's weakest link. This human link can be used to gain..."

Tags:deception, security, social engineering, information, computer hacker

Abstract
The paper discusses Eckman's work in the areas of the detection of deliberate concealment of intentions and deception, fundamental human emotions and facial expression, detection of deliberate deception through observation and transmission of subconscious intent through involuntary micro-expressions. It goes on to discuss the practical application of this research for fighting crime and terrorism. It looks as well at high-tech applications, limitations, areas of future research, and ethical considerations.

Outline:
The Detection of Deliberate Concealment of Intentions and Deception
Fundamental Human Emotions and Facial Expression
Detection of Deliberate Deception Through Observation
Transmission of Subconscious Intent Through Involuntary Micro-Expressions
Practical Application of Deliberate Deception Through Observation Techniques
Limitations and Areas of Future Research and Practical Applications
Ethical Considerations in Practical Application of Deception Detection Techniques
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The immediate practical applications of the work of Ekman and others in the realm of human facial expressions and the ability to teach methods of increasing the ability to detect deliberate concealment of emotions and deception have profound implications. In principle, Ekman demonstrated that individuals can be very effectively trained in the techniques of recognizing characteristic signs of deception in facial
expressions (Ekman 2003) and that such training typically is capable of being accomplished in a matter of only a few hours. Already, such techniques have been extensively incorporated into the protection of high-value targets, such as by the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) agency domestically, and by various Israeli security services, such as those responsible for screening airline passengers through dynamic interviews (Safir, 2003)."

Tags:security, law enforcement, training, crime, anti-terrorism, ethics, lies

Abstract
The paper discusses the need for the detection of deception during the investigative, interrogation and testimonial phases iof the criminal process. The paper demonstrates how individuals seeking to conceal the truth employ common tactics in word usage, sentence structure, and specific content of their statements to investigative authorities. The paper therefore shows how investigators can distinguish truthful statements from deceptive ones with considerable reliability.

Outline:
Deception Detection in Criminal Investigation
Deception During the Investigative Phase
Deception During the Interrogation and Testimonial Phases
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Criminal investigation includes the evaluation of statements for truthfulness or deception at every stage of investigation and interrogation, as well as during sworn testimony. In that regard, trained criminal investigators must be aware of numerous cues available in the content of conversations, the context of word choice, omissions intended to conceal information of guilt of complicity, and nonverbal cues in posture, eye contact, and unconscious physical gestures intended to mislead investigators or conceal the truth (Sandoval, 2008)."

Tags:truth, words, sentences, posture, eye, contact, mannerisms

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that three forms of deception: fantasy escapism, sexist isolationism, and material obsession are present within 'The Glass Menagerie' by Tennessee Williams. The writer points out that three family members of the Wingfield family often use these forms of deception to escape from the cold realities of life, but often hurt others in their lack of intimacy and isolation. The writer maintains that this provides the key aspect of deception that are used within the play, which define the problematic and dysfunctional relationships found within this classic play by Tennessee Williams.

Tags:film, gender

Abstract
In this study, the writer examines the theme of deception in the Wingfield family in 'The Glass Menagerie' by Tennessee Williams. By analyzing the roles of Laura, Tom, and Amanda the writer notes that the crucial elements of self-deception can be realized within Williams' text. The writer points out that by critically analyzing how these characters deceive themselves, we can see that they also have a damaging impact on the very people they are trying to hide from within the play's storyline. In essence, the the writer maintains that the fantasy escapism of Laura, the sexist attitudes of Tom, and the materialism of Amanda are three aspects of deception that occur within 'The Glass Menagerie' by Tennessee Williams.

From the Paper
"In this vital narrative, it is Laura that is deceiving herself through an obsession within unreal or fantasy objects in her glass collection. Self deception in this case is by far more damaging to the spirit, since Laura is incapable to finding a relationship with anyone else but her glass objects. This perspective comes in the realization that she cannot escape the insular world she has created, and in unable to reach outside of her fantasy world. This is the mot damaging aspect of this character's self-deception, as it denies her any type of relationship with real people."

Tags:characters, deceive, perspective, relationship

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines deception in the investigative, interrogative and testimonial processes of criminal justice, highlighting the pervasive lying and other deception of police and taking the position that deception in criminal justice should be used with great caution.

From the Paper
"One of the primary objectives of the investigative interrogative and testimonial processes of criminal justice is to obtain the truth about what happened when a particular crime was committed. The truth is the key to delivering justice appropriately and criminal justice officials are in this sense the representatives of truth and justice. However deception can and does occur during all three of these processes even on the part of law enforcement officials. Such tactics as police sting operations for capturing burglars fabricating nonexistent witnesses during interrogations ..."

Tags:lying, police, criminal justice, testifying, investigative, interrogative, testimonial

Abstract
This paper discusses the many forms of deception that appear in Shakespeare's play "Twelfth Night." The writer explains how Shakespeare's use of language, disguise, and the self deception of his characters all contribute to the energy and subtlety of the play. The writer gives a summary of the play, showing how deception is woven into the plot and how his characters unfold as they deceive others and are themselves deceived. The paper concludes that at the end of the play, by admitting their lies and dropping their masks, all the characters except Malvolio seem to have solved their problems.

From the Paper
"The seeds of deception planted by Viola in the beginning of the play begin to truly bloom when Olivia's admiration of Cesario becomes a public spectacle. Sir Andrew Aguecheek, Olivia's resident courtier, becomes enraged when he witnesses a display of the lady's desperate love of Cesario. A victim of deception and self-delusion, Sir Andrew has been presented to all by Sir Toby as the brilliant, young, and extremely eligible bachelor he believes himself to be, when in reality he is a bumbling moron. Sir Andrew and Sir Toby are the only characters in the story who bear the title, "Sir," implying knighthood. They also happen to be the two most disreputable and foolish of the cast. The irony of the misnomers is a form of deception in and of itself."

Tags:mischief, revenge, tension, gender, comedic, transformation, self-delusion

Abstract
The paper discusses how Schermer (2007) indicates that deception is the intention of making someone else believe something that is not true without "uttering a falsehood" (p. 13). The paper describes how Schermer (2007) goes on to indicate that the use of the device could be viewed as deceptive because when it is used the nurse must convince the demented patient that someone is on the phone when in actuality they are not (p. 13). The paper explains that this practice becomes deceptive, rather than a lie, depending on the wording that is used to entice the patient to use the phone. The paper offers the example that the nurse might state that the patient should listen to the phone, which is not a lie, but the voice that is heard is also not in real time, and is recorded, however, since the patient will most likely assume that the voice is real and respond to it, the practice becomes deceptive because the voice is not real and no actual conversation is taking place. The paper notes, however, that if the nurse stated that there was a specific relative on the phone, Schermer (2007) indicates that this would be a lie because there is only the recorded voice and not the actual person on the other end of the line (p. 14). The paper shows how overall, the device is deceptive because it is the intention of the nurse to prompt the person to use the phone and have a conversation with someone who is not there.

Tags:nursing, article, review