Abstract
This essay exemplifies how tragedy through deceit and corruption occurred in both Shakespearean plays, "Othello" and "Hamlet". The arguments prove the contributions of the protagonists, antagonists, and the innocent characters to the evil and corruption, which creates a tragedy in both plays.

From the Paper
"Lies, deceit, and false appearances are everywhere in one's life and these negative aspects of people contribute to sorrow, pain, and tragedy. In all of Shakespeare's tragic plays, the protagonist dies, along with many other characters due to a problematic theme occurring in the plot. This is obvious in both Hamlet and Othello. In Hamlet, Claudius kills his brother, Old Hamlet, so he can become King. Old Hamlet's son discovers his secret and attempts to avenge his father's death, which he does at the end of the play when he kills Claudius along with others, and dies himself. In Othello, Iago, the Moor's assistant sabotages Cassio, the first lieutenant in order to get his job. When this works, he attempts to split Othello, the Moor of Venice and his wife using jealousy and murder, and gets killed when is discovered for his scheming. Both plays touch upon common human problems and desires such as greed, jealousy, and revenge."

Tags:comparison, contrast, desdemona, evil, iago, jealousy, moor, murder, ophelia, othello, revenge, shakespeare, venice

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the crushing defeat Iraq suffered in Operation Desert Storm in 1991 destroyed Saddam Hussein's military forces, liberated Kuwait, and removed the threat he posed to the rest of the Middle East. The writer argues that by 2002, sanctions and isolation had weakened Iraq even further, but the Bush Administration refused to acknowledge this, falsely accused Iraq of being an imminent threat to the United States, and engaged in a campaign of deceit to mobilize Congressional and public support for an invasion of Iraq.

Abstract
Stinnett's book, "Day of Deceit," is a controversial look at the events leading up to the attack on Pearl Harbor. More than a history book, this is a book that points fingers and makes a variety of allegations regarding the American government and its duplicity and deception of the American public. This paper analyzes the book and provides a summary of it. It examines the main and secondary theses of the book.

From the Paper
"The author's main thesis in "Day of Deceit" is that President Franklin D. Roosevelt knew of the impending attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, and used the attack as a method to incite the American people into joining World War II. This is the main theme woven between the pages of the book. However, there are secondary theses too, including the proposition that America broke the Japanese naval code and knew the Japanese carriers were on their way to launch an attack on Pearl Harbor, and that many documents relating to the attack, including code breaking documents, have never been released to the public."

Tags:President, Roosevelt, Pentagon, Navy, White, House

Abstract
Using various pieces by Flannery O'Connor, the effectiveness of deceptive characters is argued as a tool for more realistic and applicable conflict, and eventually promotion of positive moral values.

From the Paper
"In her stories, Flannery O'Connor often uses deceit as a tool to make her characters more appealing to her audience and to provide a central point of conflict. It is the one thing that almost everyone can relate to, either from having been deceptive or having been the object of deception. O Connor used her Catholic background as a strong influence in her writing, and the fact that she uses deceit so frequently in her stories may have something to do with the fact that many accounts in the bible depict deceit as a typical trait of humanity. It was, after all, one of the first sins committed after Adam and Eve had eaten from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Thereafter, Eve bore Cain and Abel. When God asked Cain where his brother was, although Cain had slain Abel and knew what he had done, he replied "I know not: Am I my brother's keeper?" This gives the first account of the nature of humans to deceive (Genesis 4:8-9)."

Tags:deceit, flannery, O'connor, characters, tool, characterization

Abstract
This paper discusses how the metaphysical conceit is an element of poetry that uses unusual symbolism to demonstrate the depth of the poet's or speaker's feeling or drive within the context of the poem. In particular, the paper looks at how good examples of the metaphysical deceit occur in many of Donne's poems, including "Bait" and "A Valediction Forbidding Mourning." The paper further examines how both these poems, while considering love from two very different stages, connect with each other by means of the shock value of the conceit used. While death is openly mentioned in "Valediction," "Bait" only hints at it by the activity of fishing.

Outline:
Introduction
Bait
A Valediction Forbidding Mourning
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Like "Bait," this poem also makes use of strong and unusual metaphysical conceit. The poet for example begins by comparing the parting to death. In the comparison, the speaker encourages his love to quietly accept his departure, like the dying would accept death. She is to remain quiet and calm, trusting the necessity and inevitability of the speaker's leaving.
"The second and third strong images in the poem concern the love connection between the couple. The poet uses gold as a metaphor for the pliability and expanding properties of the couple's love. When gold is beaten, it bends and expands; it does not break. In the same way, the love between the man and the woman will only grow stronger and more expansive through the trial of their separation."

Tags:love, death, fisherwoman

Abstract
In Shakespeare's "Othello", deceit and jealousy combine to make one of the most disturbing tragedies of all time. This paper discusses how, at the helm of this disturbing voyage is the villainous Iago, driven by pure malice. In particular, the paper looks at how there is a great irony in this story, since Iago's plan to dismantle all virtue and trust amongst the targeted characters would never have been successful without his own wife Emilia's complete, unwavering trust and obedience.

From the Paper
"The first example of Emilia's unique and seemingly tolerant trust in her husband is shown early in the play. Upon arriving in Cyprus, Iago socially insults his wife in front of Cassio, Desdemona and others. Instead of immediately playing along, she falls silent, waiting for a cue from her husband. Her friend Desdemona notices this immediately: "Alas, she has no speech (II.1.118)." Emilia simply allows Desdemona to defend her, letting the game pass over her. This silence illustrates a great deal about the relationship between the couple. Even though Emilia eventually plays along with the game, "You shall not write my praise (II.1.132)," she clearly allows Iago to be in control of the situation. "

Tags:iago, desdemona

Abstract
This paper uses five sources besides the movie to explain how "Saving Private Ryan," directed by Steven Spielberg, presents a false depiction of World War II. The paper argues that the movie is lying to the public about the realities of WWII and in fact glorified a horrifying time period in history.

From the Paper
"In the movie Saving Private Ryan, Steven Spielberg tries to recreate war as close as possible. At certain times in the movie you feel as if you are right there in the battle scene. However, the majority of the movie and the overall plot of the movie leave the lingering question in a historical mind, "Did that really happen?" or "I can't believe that really happened." The answers to these questions are not simple answers, but rather a system of comparing and contrasting accredited sources with the movie. By comparing actual footage of wars in current times and relating how the wars might have been different back then is a test people might use to determine how truthful the story is."

Tags:loewen, misrepresentation, wwii

Abstract
This paper discusses and compares emotional and literal cuckoldry in the plays "Much Ado About Nothing," by William Shakespeare, "M. Butterfly," by David Hwang, and the novel, "The Shipping News," by Annie Proulx. The writer describes the deceptions on which the plot of "Much Ado About Nothing" is based, and how every male character is obsessed over his potential to be cuckolded, although it does not actually occur. The paper then looks at how, on the other hand, Hwang's "M. Butterfly," Gallimard and Song are both sexually deceived. However, in both plays, by being cuckolded either metaphorically or literally, the characters begin to grow as people, and attain a new level of self-knowledge and sobriety. The paper then lookst at how, in "The Shipping News," Quoyle's wife's acts of infidelity lead ultimately to Quoyle's rediscovery of his true family and true self. The writer concludes that all of these tales suggest that although infidelity is based in lies and betrayal, those lies can provide the stimulus for growth, change, and self revelation.

From the Paper
"This sense that male closeness is somehow more noble than female closeness is also parodied in David Hwang's "M. Butterfly," where it is demonstrated that only another man can give a man what he really wants--a submissive creature, rather than a woman with real, articulated desires. This also shows a relationship, just like "Much Ado About Nothing" that is based upon illusions. Claudio is meant to believe Hero is dead, Beatrice and Benedick believe that their partner is pining for them, and that they are marrying the other person out of pity, while Rene Gallimard believes that his butterfly is an ultra-feminine Chinese woman, when she is actually a man."

Tags:irony, identity, stereotype, homosexuality, negative, unfaithful, bachelor, marriage

Abstract
This paper analyzes Nietzsche's work, "The Gay Science." It specifically discusses the various aspects of Nietzsche's claims, within his book, about the error-driven nature of human beings, consciousness and knowledge, as well as the phenomenon of self-deceit. The paper then goes on to analyze the cogency of these claims by Nietzsche.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
"Bad" Consciousness
Knowledge
Self-Deceit
Conclusion

From the Paper
"First of all, it is clear that Nietzsche holds a more favorable view of the instincts as opposed to consciousness. In passage 11, he says, "Consciousness gives rise to countless mistakes that lead an animal or human being to perish sooner than necessary." He goes on to say, "Without the instincts, humanity would long have ceased to exist." (p. 37) This is because, as Nietzsche says, consciousness is misunderstood by humanity - it sees consciousness as the foundational aspect of the human being - its "essence", if you will. This is a misapprehension because, according to Nietzsche, the instincts are more dominant in the human being."

Tags:humanity, understanding, being

Abstract
This paper explains that Cathal Nolan in "Bodyguard of Lies: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II" does not believe it is always proper for governments to lie to the public, but he does establish a clear line, when and when it is not proper to lie, by giving general and specific historical examples of past government lies. The author points out that Reagan in the Iran Contra fiasco, Nixon with Watergate and Johnson with the U.S. incursions into Laos and Cambodia and Bill Clinton in Monica-gate, all lied for non-utilitarian reasons; however, Nolan differentiates between Roosevelt and the other deceivers of public trust because if the Nazi threat was not stopped, it would have continued to spread throughout the world until democracy no longer existed. The paper concludes that truth should be told whenever possible; but when the truth is not for the good of all mankind, a president is justified in using whatever means possible to preserve prosperity and moral goodness.

From the Paper
"Roosevelt viewed the Nazi's as a real threat to mankind. History proves he was correct. The public in the 1930's was weary of getting involved in another war. Congress was dominated by isolationists who refused to support foreign nations with arms or manpower even if they were our strategic allies in the fight for Democracy. The country was reeling from the depression, and many felt funds were needed at home. However, Roosevelt knew the threat of Nazism and German expansion was real and felt public opinion had to be altered."

Tags:utilitarian, isolationists, nixon, differentiation, truth