Abstract
This paper examines the importance of debt reduction in Canada. It argues that debt reduction is essential to economic stability because it creates 'wiggle room' or the ability to respond to economic changes. Additionally, debt servicing erodes both productivity and social programs. Finally, the relative success of the current government's debt reduction and its future fiscal policy are assessed.

Abstract
It analyzes the links and contradictions between pursuit of low inflation and debt reduction. It also considers the political-structural problems in Canada that influence fiscal policy.

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses the role of tourism in promoting economic stability. It discusses the contribution of tourism to gross domestic product (GDP). The paper briefly looks at the the Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund and how it has agreed to offer special loans to the tourism industry in the hope of reviving it in Japan.

Table of Contents:
Economic Sustainability
Economic Sustainability and Tourism
Contributions of Tourism to GDP

From the Paper
"The touristy industry has been approached from different standpoints across the globe. There are the countries which exploited it to the maximum and registered significant gains from attracting foreign tourists, and consequently investors. There are also those countries which focused on other industries. As a general tendency in the contemporaneous society however, most emerging countries try to consolidate their touristy industry. "Tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the global economy and developing countries are attempting to cash in on this expanding industry in an attempt to boost foreign investment and financial reserves" (Pleumarom). And to make sure that the gains will also be present in ten or twenty years, the governments and the organizations develop and implement programs based on economic sustainability."

Tags:development, foreign, investment, industry

Abstract
This paper describes a chain of events from the establishment of the Dominican Republic that would, over the space of the next five centuries, work to shape the political, societal and economic face of this Caribbean country. It describes the continuing conflict between the powers of Spain and France and the history of instability in politics as well as in society and economy. The paper gives an overview of the economic situation, the societal culture as well as an outlook for the future. It concludes that today, when international interference has subsided, the Dominican Republic will be able to progress and develop.

From the Paper
"The thought of Christopher Columbus' first voyage of discovery in the late fifteenth century leads most of us to mentally envision the coast of North America and what has since come to be known as the country of the United States. When Columbus first sailed the ocean blue in the year 1492, however, he discovered a host of other uncharted territories, among them an island made up of mountainous terrain and rolling, fertile valley situated between the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean that he called La Isla Espanola, or Hispaniola (Weil et al PG). Preliminary interaction with the native Taino, or Arawak, Indians led Columbus to immediately claim the territory in the name of Spain and to make subsequent attempts at settlement and excavation over the next few years. Settlement was finally established in the southern region of the island, in what is now known as the city of Santo Domingo, the largest city within and capital of the independent country currently known as the Dominican Republic (Weil et al PG)."

Tags:Dominican, Republic, Spain, France, culture, politics, society, economy

Abstract
This paper examines methods whereby US homeowners' debt load can be reduced and ultimately eliminated while building wealth as homeowners. To this end, this paper provides an overview of the current financial situation facing many Americans, followed by an analysis of how some people have approached these dual goals. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
The Path to Debt Elimination and Wealth Accumulation
Debt-Reduction and Wealth-Accumulation Strategies for the Whittingtons
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"On the one hand, the need for debt elimination strategies is more pronounced today than ever. Many American families that have worked diligently for years now find themselves little better off - or in many cases worse off - than they were a decade ago. In fact, in the United States, almost one-half of the wealth is in the hands of just 3.5 percent of the households, and the majority of the other households do not even approach the upper levels (Stanley & Danko, 1996). In this regard, Reich (2001) reports that, "The dirtiest little secret about the Roaring Nineties is that average working families gained almost no income, while their health care costs soared. From 1986 through 1997 (the latest year for which detailed IRS data are available), the average income of the richest 1 percent of Americans rose 89 percent, to $517,713" (p. 56). During this same period of time, though, the average income of the bottom 90 percent of Americans increase a meager 1.6 percent, to just $23,815 after all federal income taxes were paid (Reich, 2001). At the same time, healthcare costs increased even faster than inflation, a trend that especially affected middle-income Americans families; by the end of the 1990s, fully 44 million Americans lacked health insurance, almost 8 million more than those without health insurance a decade earlier (Reich, 2001). Furthermore, by the end of 1997, even those who were insured paid substantially more, through higher co-payments, deductibles, and premiums (Reich, 2001). Likewise, consumer debt because of credit card use is at an all-time high, and Brown (1999) suggests that, depending on their personal circumstances, consumers should first eliminate this source of debt as a debt-reduction strategy because of the exorbitant interest rates involved: "[Consumers] should carry out an aggressive debt-reduction strategy over the next three to five years in order to eliminate their outstanding debt. Otherwise the interest from their credit cards will erode the profits from any portfolio. Earning 10 percent to 12 percent on your investment portfolio and paying out 18 percent to 21 percent in consumer debt doesn't help you realize a profit on your portfolio, no matter how well you are invested" (Brown, 1999, p. 60)."

Tags:debt, elimination, wealth, accumulation, mortages, retirement, budgeting, homeowners, middle, income

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of Haiti as one of exploitation which continues on into modern times. The paper looks at Haiti's relationship with the United States and especially France. Haiti's French debt is specifically focused on in the paper and the enormous amount that Haiti is expected to pay to France is discussed. The paper notes that this debt will likely keep Haiti in perpetual debt and will impact its economic and social situation.

Table of Contents:
The Contemporary Situation of Haiti
The Reign of Duvalier
The Role of Aristide
The Economic and Social Implications
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The history of Haiti is one of exploitation which continues on into modern times. First the French would utilize their population for slavery, after which time, upon their independence, demanded of them an amount of money impossible to ever be repaid, placing them in perpetual debt. The United States in collusion with France has blocked international assistance to the duly elected government of Jean-Bertrand Aristide while demanding repayments on debt incurred by past dictator regimes it knew the government couldn't pay. At the same time, the United States and France funded a wide range of antigovernment organizations in the name of promoting democracy. (McCollester 27) Given that the more powerful countries of the world seem to have an interest in keeping Haiti down, it's rising from within the depths of such an economic downturn and period of social upheaval is unlikely. This instability is sure to produce merely more revolutions, as foreign powers attempt to govern a country in such a was as is profitable to them, as opposed to allowing the natives of the country the freedom to govern and decide for themselves, which the very foreign powers acting upon them guarantee of their own citizens."

Tags:exploitation, revolution, slavery, independence

Abstract
This paper provides details of the U.S. national debt together with some of the opinions that are held in regard to the large amount of the debt. It also sets out the economic implications for the USA at present and in the future.

Outline:
Economic Effects
Effects on the following generations
Debate on the federal debt

From the Paper
"The restrictions imposed on credits, combined with the increased costs of purchasing the credit will generate fewer investment opportunities and fewer development resources. Companies will have to be restructured; they will be obliged to downsize their employees and increase the prices of their products and services in order to avoid bankruptcy. This will generate a general price increase and also an increased unemployment rate. Also, a national debt that is increasing at a superior rate as compared to the economic development rate is likely to generate dollar devaluation in comparison to other international currencies, such as the EUR, GBP or the YEN.
"As such, the major impacts a continuing ascendant national debt will have upon the economy reveal a growing demand for credits and the increasing costs of credits, the general price increase, a growing unemployment rate and the devaluation of the national currency."
"

Tags:generate, unemployment, security, growth

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION

The problem of international debt financing reached the crisis level in the late 1980s and the first two years of this young decade; however, efforts by the United States government and several international financial entities have proved effective in lessening the threat posed to international financial markets. The cooperation of major American banking institutions was essential for the success of the international strategies, since these American banks held much of the outstanding debt particularly debt issued to Latin American nations. This paper will first investigate the international debt problem, including examination of its effect on banks in the United States, then the focus will shift to analysis of the measures enacted to begin the process of solving the crisis ..."

Abstract
Examines economic & polotical results of adoption of one of 3 different strategies: Structuralism, Neoliberalism, Marxism. Focus on 3 countries: Cuba, Argentina, Chile. Describes the 3 strategy thories & how the 3 countries under consideration used them regarding economic growth & reduction of economic inequalities. Problems & outcomes.

From the Paper
"Since World War II, developing countries in the South have been provided with the option of adopting one of three different economic development strategies: structuralism, neoliberalism, and Marxism. The purpose of this essay is to examine the economic and political results engendered by each approach and to determine what these results suggest for future economic policy choices in the region. Three countries lend themselves to this analysis. Cuba, particularly since the overthrow of the Batista regime and the establishment of Castro's Marxist government, has pursued economic development along Marxist lines (Perez-Lopez, 1997). In Argentina, a structuralist economic order under Juan Peron gave way to a neoliberalist orientation (Smith, 1991). In Chile, a neoliberal experiment between 1974 and 1990 took place and this experiment has led to structural change in the national economy..."

Abstract
This paper addresses the significance of debt with reference to three African countries namely, Angola, Benin and Liberia. It suggests possible ways in which these countries can solve their debt problems, including restructuring of debts.

Tags:debt, debt crisis, sub saharan africa, default, world bank, debt repayment, economic reform, dictatorships, socialist, civil war