Abstract
This paper argues that the global debt crisis represents a means by which the developed world reasserts its former colonial control over the newly-independent nations of the developing world. The author points out that, by loaning these countries money, often to serve the interests of corrupt local elites, debt accumulates to the point that these countries are barely able to meet their interest charges on the debt. The paper relates that Nigeria represents an example of what political scientists term a "rentier state". The author contends that, in Nigeria, an oil-rich country in Africa, its debt represents a means by which the natural resources and wealth of the developing world can be brought under the effective control of the developed world. The paper concludes that debt can be seen as an instrument of neo-colonial domination and control that continues into the 21st century.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Collapse of Colonialism and the Creation of the "Third World"
Developing World Debt Becomes Critical
The Debt Crisis in Nigeria: Internal and External Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"However, in all of these nations there existed the understandable desire to develop as quickly as possible. One of the easiest means to achieve this end was to borrow from lenders in the developed world to fund development schemes. The nations of what was termed the "Third World" borrowed heavily in the post-independence era, and when the nations of the developed world slowed down their economies in the 1980s to combat inflation this severely damaged the economies of Third World nations that depended upon commodity exports for foreign exchange. Without this revenue, they were often unable to meet their debt payments."

Tags:actors, disparities, imperialism, recolonize, borrowings

Abstract
This paper discusses the history and causes of the 2007-2010 global debt crisis and the cost of the crisis to the global economy. The paper examines the regulatory controls and existing compliance and shows how they are inadequate. The paper also looks at some of the initiatives that have been undertaken by governments as a result of the crisis and discusses what more needs to be done to correct the situation and to ensure that such a crisis does not occur in the future. The paper contains graphs.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Causes of the global debt crisis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"While the above steps are viable for reliving the debt crisis in the world, they may also have negative impact especially in the US. Use of debt to finance the global crisis would increase the national deficit to a level that could not be sustained in the future. The efforts of the federal government to aid the global financial system is only leading to new and significant financial commitments which are either in form of loans, loan guarantees and investment. This does not amount to direct expenditure which can only help improve the economy hence; the strategies may not aid the recovery of the US economy ."

Tags:investment lending equity, mortgage rates

Abstract
This paper focuses on the general topic of the United States of America's national debt crisis. The first part of the paper provides insights into the causes and affects of the debt and identifies some large and small companies that are most affected. The second part of the paper discusses the risks and valuations of companies and instruments, as well as risk and valuation methodologies that have been developed with respect to the debt situation. The focus of these methodologies is related to the debt market, investment banking, and the secondary mortgage market, valuing the risks and returns of the companies and instruments involved. The paper presents an extensive discussion regarding methods of valuation.

From the Paper
"There have been many efforts by the governmental factions to try to control the problem of debt accumulation. For example, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 was directed on our nation's healthcare delivery system and was designed to balance the overall federal budget. Because of the aging population, Medicare and the cost associated to healthcare in general, our nation's national debt crisis needed these attempts to right the ship. Our debt situation was so severe that the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 was supposed to be one of the most significant changes to the nation's Medicare program since its commencement. "Certainly, the president and Congress intended for the BBA to dramatically alter Medicare reimbursements. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) originally estimated the bill would reduce Medicare spending by $113 billion over five years, thereby extending the viability of the Medicare Part A trust fund by 10 years and bringing the budget into balance by 2002." (McKeon, 2004) "

Tags:budget, economy, valuation

Abstract
This paper focuses on the global arena of the 21st century and the public profile of the Debt Crisis, which once dominated headlines in the developed and developing worlds, has been largely supplanted by such concerns as terrorism and US military interventions in Iraq and other countries. This being said, the paper asserts that it may be argued that the primary features of this crisis remain with us today, and continue to define the economic and the social disparities between the global North and South. These disparities have served to reinforce the power of the industrialized powers and, in the process, ensure the continual underdevelopment of the so-called "Third World".

From the Paper
"In the global arena of the 21st century the public profile of the Debt Crisis, which once dominated headlines in the developed and developing worlds, has been largely supplanted by such concerns as terrorism and US military interventions in Iraq and other countries. This being said, it may be argued that the primary features of this crisis remain with us today, and continue to define the economic and the social disparities between the global North and South. These disparities have served to ..."

Tags:Africa, economy, corruption, third, world

Abstract
This paper examines the debt crisis in Argentina - one which helped plunge that nation into a financial crisis in 2001. In so doing, the paper will argue that much of the blame should be laid at the feet of the Argentine governments of the 1980s and early years of this decade. Quite simply, in both cases, government spending was not as measured as it should have been. Furthermore, the decision to not have a hard currency exchange rate in the 1980s ultimately made various things (like the troublesome trade balance) worse than ever. Finally, a willingness on the part of governments to cave into political pressures meant that many necessary policies were never pursued or were abandoned jus as they were showing positive signs. At the same time, though, the IMF should also be criticized because it failed to consider the practicality of its conditional-loans programs and appears to have not sat down with the Argentine government on the eve of the 2001 financial collapse so that some kind of arrangement could be worked out. Ultimately, both parties share in the blame, but it is far too easy to simply attribute everything to the IMF.

From the Paper
"The following paper will look at the debt crisis in Argentina - one which helped plunge that nation into a financial crisis in 2001. In so doing, the paper will argue that much of the blame should be laid at the feet of the Argentine governments of the 1980s and early years of this decade. Quite simply, in both cases, government spending was not as measured as it should have been. Furthermore, the decision to not have a hard currency exchange rate in the 1980s ultimately made various things (like the troublesome trade balance) worse than ever. Finally, a willingness on the part of governments to cave into political pressures meant that many ..."

Tags:South, America, financial, problem

Abstract
The paper looks at the debt crisis in Argentina that helped plunge the nation into a financial crisis in 2001. The paper argues that much of the blame should be directed towards the Argentine governments' policies of the 1980s and early years of this decade. The paper also contends that the IMF (International Monetary Fund) should be criticized but stresses that both parties share the blame.

From the Paper
"The debt crisis which wracked many developing countries in the early 1980s (and thereafter) came about because of overly-extravagant domestic policies and exorbitant government spending - at least according to a United States Department of State dispatch from 1994. In any case, the developing nations - which obviously did not have huge tax bases or swollen coffers like their confreres in the developed west - were confronted with huge budget deficits and with overvalued exchange rates. According to the US State Department, the developing world (or at least many of its constituent nations) relied on short-term, variable rate loans to get them through the fiscal crises of the period - but those policies made them susceptible to the depredations brought about rising interest rates."

Tags:government, developing, country, market, inflation, equilibrium, credit, deficit, budget, trade, liberalization

Abstract
This paper discusses Mexico's debt crisis of the 1980s. Mexico announced in August 1982 that it was unable to repay the $80 billion in loans that it owed to several Western governments and international financial institutions. This was when the IMF and the World Bank were forced to step in so the country could be pulled out of its financial problems.

Abstract
Reasons for international debt are discussed with examples brought from Mexico and Brazil, oil exporters and oil importers; debt rescheduling; debt relief and first-world aid; the International Monetary Fund and the affect the IMF has had on poor countries. The two major methods of international reserve creation: the mining of gold and the acquisition of reserves in the form of key currencies are discussed along with their problems. Recent structural adjustment and debt relief are also examined, as well as the inability of poorer countries to pay their scheduled debt service and the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and its problems. This leads to a discussion of macro-economic adjustment.

From the Paper
"The current climate of recession has highlighted the reasons for raising the calls for poor country debt relief. It is difficult to believe claims made by creditors that they cannot afford further debt relief. Canceling effectively unpayable debts owed by the poorest countries may turn out to be a sensible policy for all creditors. As well as the strong moral argument for debt relief, there could be sound financial grounds for doing so to stimulate the global economy and promote growth."

Tags:third-world, economy, nation, financial, crisis, Mexico, Brazil, loan, funds, depreciation, relief, International, Monetary, Fund, macro-economic, adjustment

Abstract
The paper states the four principle causes for the financial crisis and explains them. The writer discusses the International Monetary Fund bailout of the Asian nations. The writer cites and explains suggestions of how to deal with the crisis, with emphasis on the suggestions of George Soros, as seen in his article "Avoiding a Breakdown", Financial Times, December 31, 1997. In conclusion, the paper states that it is important for the United States to support IMF activities even though they may be flawed, while reserving the right to revisit the issue at a later time. Table of Contents: Exchange Rate Misalignment Weak Financial Institutions Export Slowdown Moral Hazard Impact on the U.S. The International Monetary System

From the Paper
"Conventional wisdom is that the events in Asia will reduce US growth by 0.5-1.0 percentage points relative to baseline over the next two years or so. Regardless of which statistics are employed, the impact will most assuredly be felt quite differently in different sectors of the economy. Import-competing sectors, such as light manufacturing, are likely to experience declines in output and employment. Obversely, non-traded, interest-sensitive sectors, such as, real estate and construction should benefit. One could think of this situation as similar to the mid-1980s when the term "Rust Belt" entered the popular lexicon, while the "Sunbelt" experienced a construction boom - though compared to the mid-1980s, the impact of the events in Asia will most likely be one half to one third as large. "The increase in trade deficits is likely to worsen trade tensions with countries such as South Korea. As the world's sole superpower, US leadership will be crucial to constructively resolve this crisis. Any move to close the US market in response to the rising deficits would set a horrible example for the rest of the world. Past experiences show clearly that there are links between trade and finance, and policy can have an enormous impact on outcomes."

Tags:imf, exchange, rate, george, soros

From the Paper
"This research examines the international debt crisis. International debt is the external debt owed by a country--either a country's government or entities within that country.

An external deficit develops for a country when the claims of foreign entities on the country's economy exceed the claims of entities in that country on the economies of other countries. A country's external debt is comprised of loans to both government and private sector organizations in the country. Loans to government entities involve sovereign risk, while loans to all other entities involve enterprise risk.

Loans involved in a country's external debt are extended by other governments, by international organizations (primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Bank), and by ... "

Tags:ECONOMICS: MACROECONOMICS