Abstract
This paper critically analyzes the increasing public and national debt in the United States and posits that although it may seem that debt has only negative consequences and nothing positive, that is not true. The paper discusses how there are many different reasons why debt can be positive to the economy of a nation. The paper explains that when debt is used to create growth in the economy that can be considered as positive whereas when debt is used for short term consumption that reduces long term growth and is considered negative.

From the Paper
"In this document the author will critically analyze the increasing public and national debt in the United States. While it may sound like that debt has only negative consequences and nothing positive, that is not true. There are many different reasons why debt can be positive to the economy of a nation. When debt is used to create growth in the economy, that can be considered as positive, whereas when debt is used for short term consumption that reduces long term growth and is considered negative."

Tags:national, debt, deficit

Abstract
This paper addresses the significance of debt with reference to three African countries namely, Angola, Benin and Liberia. It suggests possible ways in which these countries can solve their debt problems, including restructuring of debts.

Tags:debt, debt crisis, sub saharan africa, default, world bank, debt repayment, economic reform, dictatorships, socialist, civil war

Abstract
This paper discusses the messages conveyed in the film, "In Debt We Trust", which looks at multiple aspects of the consumer-driven debt many individuals have in the American economy. It discusses the cycle of debt and how corporations have taken advantage of people in order to make money. The paper makes two suggestions, one for individuals, and one for companies, for how to start changing their systems of payment to pay down debt in the future.

From the Paper
"Danny Schechter's 2006 documentary film, "In Debt We Trust" was marketed with the subtitle "America Before the Bubble Bursts" and the tag line, "The Money We Owe, and the Bill That's Coming Due" (Schechter). In our present-day context, we can see that the film and its concerns, as hinted at through its subtitle and tag line, were certainly right on track with the American economy. Indeed, watching the film two years after it first appeared in theatres feels at least a little uncanny or surreal, as so many of the potential problems discussed in it, including the predatory mortgage lending practices of banks, increased numbers of housing..."

Tags:film, economy, debt

Abstract
This paper examines methods whereby US homeowners' debt load can be reduced and ultimately eliminated while building wealth as homeowners. To this end, this paper provides an overview of the current financial situation facing many Americans, followed by an analysis of how some people have approached these dual goals. A summary of the research and salient findings are provided in the conclusion.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
The Path to Debt Elimination and Wealth Accumulation
Debt-Reduction and Wealth-Accumulation Strategies for the Whittingtons
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"On the one hand, the need for debt elimination strategies is more pronounced today than ever. Many American families that have worked diligently for years now find themselves little better off - or in many cases worse off - than they were a decade ago. In fact, in the United States, almost one-half of the wealth is in the hands of just 3.5 percent of the households, and the majority of the other households do not even approach the upper levels (Stanley & Danko, 1996). In this regard, Reich (2001) reports that, "The dirtiest little secret about the Roaring Nineties is that average working families gained almost no income, while their health care costs soared. From 1986 through 1997 (the latest year for which detailed IRS data are available), the average income of the richest 1 percent of Americans rose 89 percent, to $517,713" (p. 56). During this same period of time, though, the average income of the bottom 90 percent of Americans increase a meager 1.6 percent, to just $23,815 after all federal income taxes were paid (Reich, 2001). At the same time, healthcare costs increased even faster than inflation, a trend that especially affected middle-income Americans families; by the end of the 1990s, fully 44 million Americans lacked health insurance, almost 8 million more than those without health insurance a decade earlier (Reich, 2001). Furthermore, by the end of 1997, even those who were insured paid substantially more, through higher co-payments, deductibles, and premiums (Reich, 2001). Likewise, consumer debt because of credit card use is at an all-time high, and Brown (1999) suggests that, depending on their personal circumstances, consumers should first eliminate this source of debt as a debt-reduction strategy because of the exorbitant interest rates involved: "[Consumers] should carry out an aggressive debt-reduction strategy over the next three to five years in order to eliminate their outstanding debt. Otherwise the interest from their credit cards will erode the profits from any portfolio. Earning 10 percent to 12 percent on your investment portfolio and paying out 18 percent to 21 percent in consumer debt doesn't help you realize a profit on your portfolio, no matter how well you are invested" (Brown, 1999, p. 60)."

Tags:debt, elimination, wealth, accumulation, mortages, retirement, budgeting, homeowners, middle, income

Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of debt for hospitals. Creative solutions as alternatives to debt are presented, such as revamping how the hospital currently functions and uses its beds. It also looks at those more traditional debt solutions including conventional and FHA mortgages and Taxable and Tax-exempt bonds.

From the Paper
"Debt is a growing financial burden for most hospitals. Bankrupt hospitals are closing their doors in record numbers. Capital rich medical organizations are opportunistically offering the savings of corporate takeovers, many of which are hostile, mergers which are not mergers but takeovers, and others lease their buildings to other organizations, like hospice care or nursing colleges. Many analysts cite the growing problem as a result of an increase in technology and related costs, coupled with an increase of insurance company coverage limitations, patients coming in with no insurance coverage at all and ultimately patient inability to assume financial responsibility. Legally, hospitals cannot decline care, so debt mounts. This paper examines the alternatives to long-term debt and also provides statistics and available rates for traditional long term debt solutions. "

Tags:hospitals, debt, financing

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of Japanese debt on economic growth. The author considers the possibility that the Japanese debt could cripple the entire world economy. Economic growth is discussed not only from the standpoint of Japan, but also from the standpoint of other members of the world economy. The author presents background information on the economic rise, and potential fall, of Japan. The paper also consists of prominent models and theories that are presented and explained, to illustrate the economic effects of the debt of the Japanese government. Paper includes charts and tables.

Outline:
Abstract
Theory
Data
Conclusions

From the Paper
"In order to put the significance of the consideration of Japanese economics into perspective, consider for a moment the fact that Japan is the second world economic superpower, behind the United States (Witter, 1997). Keeping that in mind, there are several key economic indicators that show a true storm brewing within the Japanese economy due to the debt of the Japanese government; for example, current figures show that the debt of the Japanese government outweighs their GPD (Gross Domestic Product) by an obscenely high 170%, the Japanese National Bank is insolvent, and there is a glut of outstanding JGBs (Japanese Government Bonds (Posen, 2000). While all of these statistics are staggering, there are some very informative models and theories that illustrate this problem in greater depth; the best of these models and theories will now be presented and discussed in an effort to add another dimension to this research and provide a complete understanding of not only the topic, but also its significance to everyone in the developed world and beyond."

Tags:Japan, debt, economics, globalization

Abstract
A paper concerning the Nantionall Debt and its impact on the U. S. economy. As a nation of shoppers, most Americans are heavily in debt. How does all this debt affect the economy?

Tags:national, debt, economy

Abstract
This paper examines the dimension of Kenya's national debt. It describes the enormity of the debt in human terms, as the author writes that the cost of paying just the interest alone on the debt is far larger than what the government spends on healthcare. The paper investigates the true motives of the Poverty Reduction Strategy.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Poverty Reduction Strategy
Purpose of the Poverty Reduction Strategy
Political Consequences
Political pressure by IMF
Internal violence
Conclusion
In Text Citations

From the Paper
"Africa spends four times more on interest on her loans than on healthcare.

"The issue of Third World debt is one that cannot be ignored or wished away. In just 10 years, it escalated from a little over $400 billion in 1980 to a staggering $1.3 trillion in 1990. Kenya's eternal debt is more than $7 billion". Nairobi (The Nation, October 13, 1998) ""

Tags:africa, world, bank, third, poverty, political, internal, violence, debt, nation, national, west, imf, international, monetary, fund, reduction, strategy

Abstract
The paper presents a review of the issue of the national debt: causes, effects, and possible solutions. It looks at the history of the national debt, how it measures the net effect of fiscal policies and reviews effects and what the increase in the national debt means.

From the Paper
"This research examines the issue of the national debt in the United States together with what if anything should be done about the national debt. When one speaks of the national debt one is referring to the monetary obligations of the United States Treasury. Such obligations are created by the United States Treasury through the issuance of monetary obligation instruments... "

Tags:National, debt, fiscal, Federal, budget, deficit

Abstract
This ten page graduate paper examines the Fair Debt Collection Practice Act (FDCPA). The author notes that in examining the history of the FDCPA, it is evident that its impact on the consumer finance industry in the United States has been demonstrated in a variety of important ways. The writer points out that this act was written and passed into law in order to eliminate unfair practices and to ensure that debt collectors who refrain from using abusive, deceptive or unfair debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged.

From the Paper
"In examining the history of the Fair Debt Collection Practice Act, it is evident that its impact on the consumer finance industry in the United States has been demonstrated in a variety of important ways. This act was written and passed into law in order to eliminate unfair practices and to ensure that debt collectors who refrain from using abusive, deceptive or unfair debt collection practices are not competitively disadvantaged. In justifying their passage of the FDCPA, Congress cited the "abundant evidence of the use of abusive, deceptive, and unfair debt collection practices by many debt collectors. Abusive debt collection practices contribute to the number of personal bankruptcies, to marital instability, to the loss of jobs, and to invasions of individual privacy."

Tags:fair, debt, collection