Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study and report on the technical issues that need to be considered in facade retention with internal demolition of the Edward England Potato Warehouse in Cardiff, Wales. The writer describes the site and the problems it presents to those interested in preserving or developing it. The writer also outlines the essential equipment and steps for installing a facade retention system, and for internal demolition and the erection of a new internal frame. In addition, the writer discusses alternative options such as refurbishment and total demolition. This paper contains a figure and a table.
Outline:
Introduction
Site Investigation
Desk Top Study
Walk over Survey
Geotechnical Survey
Performance Evaluation
Long Term Monitoring
Defects list
Pre Specification Survey
Facade Retention System, Restrictions and Demolition
Facade Retention: Information Required
Restrictions
Facade Retention Ideas
West Bute Avenue Elevation
East Water Front Elevation
South Park Elevation
North Herbert Street Elevation
Cleaning, Repair and Protection
Demolition
Implications of Basement and Underpinning
Underpinning
Implication and Consideration of Basement Installation
Method Statement
Conclusion
Appendix A: Ariel Photograph of site
From the Paper "In order to provide detailed design solutions for method of facade retention for a building, essential information must be gathered and analysed first. The information needed includes: condition of the facade, bearing capacity of the soil, wind load factors, deflection limits, wall thickness of facade and impact load (for minimization). Scientific calculations will be made to determine placement, size and type of retention system and system foundation to provide ample support for facade during demolition, and avoiding facade damage and collapse. As so much technical information is required to design a solution, the following section simply discusses possible solutions and ideas to complement site conditions."
Abstract This work researches and examines why many Ohio soils have significantly more clay in the subsoil than in their surface horizons or the soil parent material. The author argues that these changes are due to man's agricultural pursuits in the area. The paper also explores the soil in terms of Ohio's climate and the soil's organic composition.
From the Paper "Soil organic matter is the source of nitrogen, phosphorus and other micronutrients needed in crop production and which is formed during the oxidization and decay processes that occur in the soil. The levels of these nutrients produced by the soil processes is difficult to change. According to the work entitled: " " published in the Agronomy Bulletin: "Historically, when forages were part of the crop rotation, nutrient release and soil tilth increased due to the season-long production of roots. Currently, well fertilized, high-yielding grain crops return large volumes of residue to the soil and are a source of nutrients. On medium-textured soils low in organic matter, crop residues are usually more beneficial when left on the surface than when incorporated. During the growing season this surface residue reduces the formation of soil crusts and results in increased water infiltration and higher crop yields. Crop residue on the surface of fine-textured soils such as silty clay loam or clay loam may delay planting by delaying soil drying." (Ohio Agronomy Guide, 14th Edition; accessed online 2006-04-08)"
Abstract The paper examines ArcelorMittal Steel, formed by the merger of Arcelor Steel and Mittal Steel. After giving a brief history of the two separate companies, the author examines the organizational structure of the new company and the senior executives working for the new organization. The writer also examines the introduction and expansion of IT technology within the new company both as a means of improving communication within the organization but also as a means to improve production, marketing and communications with customers. This paper contains a number of graphs and tables.
Outline.
ArcelorMittal Steel History of Mittal Steel Mittal Steel Growth Timeline
History of Arcelor steel Organizational structure changes
Group management board
Board of Directors
Management committee
Role of Information Technology in Organisational Change
Reccomendations
Conclusion
Sources
From the Paper "Arcelormittal is world's no.1 steel maker with revenue of $105.2 billion a year and with crude steel production of 116 million tones per year. That's around 10% of the world's steel produced. The company has over 310,000 employees in more than 60 countries and across 4 continents. The company is leader in all major global market for automotives, construction, household, appliances and packaging. Earlier Mittal steel was leader in steel industry in terms of volume and Arcelor steel was leader in terms of revenues before the two leaders merged to become the world leader in highly fragmented steel industry. L.N.Mittal is on buying spree it seems he is on a way to combine the steel industry. He is been successful in combining 10% of it. Steel produced by ArcelorMittal is three times more than its next competitor, which is Nippon Steel a Korean steel company."
Abstract This paper explains that the steel industry is a major determinant of economic health and is itself much affected by economic changes in both the macro- and micro-economy. The author points out that steel has a particular role in construction today; therefore, the degree of health in the construction industry, especially for commercial construction, affects the demand for steel. The paper relates that the domestic steel production attempts to meet the demand, to reduce imports of steel from other parts of the world while trying to increase its own ability to export steel.
From the Paper "The steel industry is a major determinant of economic health and is itself much affected by economic changes in both the macro- and micro economy. Steel has a particular role in construction today, and the degree of health in the construction industry, especially for commercial construction, affects the demand for steel. Domestic steel production tries to meet the demand and often tries to reduce imports of steel from other parts of the world while trying to increase its own ability to export steel. Other countries also take a protectionist stance toward steel, with varying results. The demand for steel is only somewhat price elastic and is governed more by need, given that substitutes are few, especially for construction uses. Steel prices are affected by economic health, construction demand, automobile industry needs, market conditions, and general economic conditions. Steel is used in thousands of products as well as for big projects."
Abstract In this essay, the writer points out that soil bacteria control the course of nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus through ecosystems. Soil samples were taken from established sites, which have undergone existing long-term manipulations of temperature, nutrient and light availability. The writer discusses that the soil samples were found to contain bacteria through testing and are being studied to determine whether treatments known to affect plant communities also affect soil microbial biomass, activity, gene expression, and community composition as measured by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms.
From the Paper "Soil is an intricate and active biological system, and at times it is difficult to determine the composition of microbial communities in soil. Yet, the study requires a wide variety of methods, which includes methods of extracting DNA from soil suitable for PCR amplification to monitor GM rhizobia and extracting mRNA directly from soil to use in gene expression studies. Hydrocarbons seem to be a contaminated factor when isolating the soil samples in determining bacteria characterization. "Bacteria were isolated from contaminated soil with the media indicating several homolog similarities (researched the possibility of several bacteria names through DP database as determined by the program SIMILARITY_RANK (10)"."
Abstract This essay will explore the experiences of wage-earners in the steel worker occupational group in Canada over the past half century. In the course of this work, interviews with three steel workers will be integrated with scholarly research to explore the changing nature of work in this industrial sector in recent decades.
Abstract This paper discusses the methodology described in an article by Christopher J. Moran and Elisabeth N. Bui entitled "Spatial Data Mining for Enhanced Soil Map Modeling". This paper notes the terrain attributes the researchers saw as better-suited to landscape description as predictors of soil type, using a map sampling strategy and testing it on a region in eastern Australia.
From the Paper "Christopher J. Moran and Elisabeth N. Bui test a new methodology for improving the quality of the soil map models generated by rule induction. In their method, the researchers considered terrain attributes they saw as better-suited to landscape description as predictors of soil type, using a map sampling strategy. The authors use the Murray-Darling Basin (MBD) in eastern Australia as an example of an area not now covered by any detailed form of land-resource inventory, and the authors use their method of spatial modeling to develop soil-landscape models in areas that have been surveyed and then to extend these across the unmapped areas. While this is a logical approach, it raises the question of how certain the authors can be that the model for mapped areas can be extended across unmapped areas. "
Abstract This paper briefly describes the steel industry and the economic factors affecting it. This paper also describes the fluctuation in the market and other components like capacity, pricing and demand that the industry is forced to deal with.
From the Paper "Since the year 2000 the steel industry in the United States has been in a recovery mode due to several factors present or lacking in the manufacturing facilities in the U.S. Several of these factors dealt with overpopulation in the workforce, older inefficient equipment, costly expensive workforce as well as Union representation. All these factors placed together acted as a deadly combination for many companies and to make matters worse, towards the end of 2000 the U.S. began to be the recipient of massive quantities of cheap under-priced steel. Due to the level of imports being pushed into the U.S. market after only a few months the U.S. steel industry was on the verge of total collapse. "
Abstract This paper deals with economic factors and other global business issues effecting the steel industry in the United States.
From the Paper "After March of 2001, when the U.S. government allowed the implementation of Section 201, the future of the steel industry in the United States was suddenly not so grim. Many steel companies and their workers took a sigh of relief as Section 201 took affect and issued higher tariffs on certain types of steel products. These products were those whose sales levels had been harmed as a result of agreeing to lower trade duties in accordance to the World Trade Organization. The benefits from the 201 actions are evident with the U.S. economy continuing to grow between $2 and $4 billion each year, since its inception ("The New Steel Industry", 2005). Future Capacities: Although the U.S. Steel Industry has made a significant recovery from is dismal past the fact remains that they could still be at risk for steel imports and competition."
Abstract This is a brief analysis of price and industry changes in the U.S steel industry. The paper discusses how these changes are as a result of a decrease in demand, as well as changes in the economic situation in the United States.
From the Paper "Changes In recent years the topic of discussion in addition to fuel costs are the decreases is consumer demand for products made out of steel or containing steel components (end uses). These end uses can be several items of which many consumers not only use daily but ones which they rely on completely (i.e. washing machines, refrigerators and automobiles). As with all commodities when the demand of a major end use product decreases so does the demand for the raw material used to aid in the production. This decrease is often, if not always, passed on to a retailer who will often in turn reduce his demand for the raw material in order to combat the decreasing consumer demand. Although the U.S. steel industry is on it way to a full recovery after its recent and almost fatal battle with steel imports flooding the U.S. market."
Abstract This paper discusses the nature, causes and effects and the technological and legal solutions to the increasing problem of the presence of space debris and junk in space. By relating the problem of space debris to a memorable current event, it informs the readers about the possible dangers that future space explorations might face if this problem will be left unsolved. It also looks how technological and legal solutions provide an implication that the problem of space debris are taken seriously by government and astronomical agencies because of the prevalence of mishaps and accidents that have been happening/occurring in space.
Outline
Introduction
What are Space Debris and Junk?
Effects and Threats of Space Debris and Junk
Technological Aspects of Resolving the Space Debris and Junk Problem
Legal Aspects of Solving the Space Debris and Junk Problem
Conclusion
From the Paper "Space debris and junk can pose a tremendous danger to satellites and spacecrafts, whether these spacecrafts are manned or not. In a book entitled, ?Orbital Debris,? authored by the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, spacecrafts traveling in the lower Earth orbit, or LEO, are more susceptible to collide with smaller particles, with a one-millimeter diameter (CETS 1995 4). However, there is also a big chance that big-sized particles will collide with spacecrafts and satellites traveling along the LEO region. Collisions between spacecrafts and space junk usually happen in the LEO region because this particular region is highly-populated with space debris and junk. This is logical since most of the space programs and explorations that were conducted by nations on Earth are usually located in the nearest region away from the Earth, which is on the lower Earth orbit."
Abstract This paper reviews the kinds of leading-edge signage found in today's major league sports, the information that signage offers beyond mere branding, and the trends in stadium and home-viewer sports advertising.
From the Paper "In the book, Ballparks (Von Goeben, 2001), there is a black and white photo of the Polo Grounds in New York, taken around 1911, with only two billboards prominently displayed ? the billboards advertised "ESCO Hosiery" and "Adlers Gloves" ? that probably cost less than a hundred dollars each. That was a lot of money back then. But by 1952, in another photo in the Ballparks depicting a World Series game at Ebbets Field in Brooklyn, signage was taking up most of the interior walls of the stadium. Thirteen billboards at ground level ? approximately 30-40 feet wide each ? were visible from the left field corner to the scoreboard in right center. And one wonders how much those billboards brought in for the teams. Not very much, in today's dollar terms. But whatever the pittance was, it is dwarfed millions of times over by the $10 million a year Reliant Energy pays in 2003 to be the "sponsor" of the NFL's Houston Texans stadium, or the $7.6 million FedEx pays annually to get its logo ? and name ? on the Washington Redskins? football field."
Abstract This paper explains that a tariff is a tax levied by a government on imports and exports, which can be a major source of revenue for governments but is usually used as a political and economic policy for the protection of domestic industries against foreign competition by making imported goods costlier than their domestic counterparts. The author points out that throughout U.S. history, various administrations have granted benefits to the country's steel and iron industry through high tariffs to keep the steel prices above the fair competitive levels; as a result of such pampering, the U.S. steel industry has failed to become economically efficient, has lacked innovation to remain competitive and been a notorious laggard in adopting new technology. The paper relates that the World Trade Organization (WTO) decision that the tariffs imposed by the U.S. government in March 2002 on steel imports was illegal because the U.S. tariffs on steel imports were illegal under global trade laws and because the U.S. had not sufficiently proven that cheap imports from overseas were the reason for the U.S. steel companies' problems.
Table of Contents
U.S. Steel Tariffs: Was it a Correct Decision?
Protective Tariffs: Main Beneficiaries and Losers
World Trade Organization on Steel Tariffs: Loss of U.S. Sovereignty? Why Did WTO Side with EU?
If All Tariffs on Steel are Removed
From the Paper "Lower tariffs result in greater international trade in which all the countries participating in such trade benefit through the economic principle of comparative advantage. Greater international trade, stimulated by lower tariffs, result in creation of wealth and higher economic growth rates for the participating countries. Recent real life examples of the dramatic benefits of free trade and reduced tariffs abound. Economies of Asian 'tiger' countries such as Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand that followed policies of low tariffs and few trade barriers in the 1990s experienced very high growth rates. On the other hand, economies such as India, and Cuba that put up high tariff regimes and protective barriers during the same period, stagnated."
Abstract This paper examines how the permeability of soil affects soil and rock parameters. The author explains porosity in soil and discusses how the ratio or air, water and clay in soil affect its parameters. The paper defines several soil types and discusses the characteristics of each soil classification. The paper also examines external and human factors that can alter the characteristic of soil. The paper then discusses aquifers and ground water and explains how this information, when used with a good knowledge of soil porosity and permeability, can be a great tool for having and maintaining an adequate amount of water for people. Figures are included in this paper.
From the Paper "Consequently, identifying the presence of these two regions containing soils that can readily retain moisture is extremely significant. This is because this data is imperative for the purposes of not only measuring the moisture capacity of the soil itself but in assessing accurately the potentiality for leaching through the addition of agricultural chemicals added."
Abstract This research report focuses on various aspects of the U.S. government's imposition of steel tariffs. It discusses the benefits and costs of tariffs in general, and includes a history of government's support of the U.S. steel industry, details of the steel tariff 2002, why it was imposed, and its repercussions, both negative and positive. The paper also describes the research report which focuses on various aspects of the U.S. government's imposition of steel tariffs. It discusses the benefits and costs of tariffs in general, and includes a history of government support of the US steel industry, details of the steel tariff 2002, why it was imposed, and its repercussions, both negative and positive. The paper also describes the reaction of different countries including the European Union and the Asian countries to the imposition of the tariff, how they would be affected by the tariff, and what counter measures they have taken or can take in retaliation. It explores the long and short-term economic and political impacts of the measure, both at the internationally and domestic levels. The paper includes the ramifications of such protective tariffs on international trade and on the campaign for globalization and free market economy led by the United States and views of the World Trade Organization (WTO) on the US move and also discusses the reaction of different countries including the European Union and the Asian countries to the imposition of the tariff, how they would be affected by the tariff, and what counter measures they have taken or can take in retaliation. It explores the long and short-term economic and political impacts of the measure, both at the international and domestic levels. The paper also includes the ramifications of such protective tariffs.
From the Paper "The Bush administration announced the imposition of sweeping tariffs of up to 30% on steel imports to the United States for a period of 3 years in March 2002 purportedly to save the ailing steel industry from collapsing. Predictably, the action has invited particularly harsh criticism from the US trade partners that have been directly affected by the tax, i.e., the European Union, Japan, and China. Domestically too, the proponents of a free market economy have been no less critical of the measure, although the US steel industry, in general, has welcomed the move."
