Abstract
The paper analyzes two chapters of the Book of Judges, the narrative from the Hebrew Bible that describes the struggles of the Israelites to survive as they tried to establish themselves in the land of Canaan. The paper examines chapters 4 and 5 that are the two versions of the story of Deborah, a remarkable figure because alone among the various judges, she was a woman, but was clearly acknowledged as God's chosen representative.

From the Paper
"In the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament), the Book of Judges is the seventh book. The "judges" described in the narrative were not preeminently law-givers or magistrates, although this was among the roles that they assumed. As set forth in the opening verse, the critical question facing the wandering tribes of Israel was the challenge of completing the conquest of a homeland for their people: "Who shall be first among us to attack the Canaanites and to do battle with them?" (Judges 1.1). The first judges described in the narrative were Othniel (3.7-11), and Ehud (3.12-30), and Shamgar, who is mentioned only summarily (3:31)."

Tags:deborah, judge, leader

Abstract
The paper discusses how Deborah Sampson Gannet impersonated a man for the purpose of serving in the colonial army and liberating her country from the British. The paper describes Sampson's wartime bravery and subsequent peacetime role of partial breadwinner for her impoverished household. The paper asserts that her story is important to retell today, in honor of her gender and her service to her country.

From the Paper
"Deborah Sampson Gannett is the first American woman known to have impersonated a man for the purpose of serving in the colonial army during the American Revolutionary War. The contributions of female figures such as Deborah Sampson Gannett have often remained ignored or unrecognized in contemporary accounts of colonial history, despite their major contributions to the early struggle for freedom, equality, and justice (Henrietta, 1997). Sampson did not lead soldiers to victory in a major battle like Joan of Arc. But feminists claim Sampson's life as important and worthy of study for what her example reveals about the age in which she lived, and because of her fearless determination."

Tags:colonial, army, war, soldier, breadwinner, gender

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the ideas of sociolinguist Deborah Tannen, regarding conversational rituals. The paper reports how, according to Tannen, communication is never simply about saying what you mean, or merely communicating information in a factual manner. Every conversation has a complex undercurrent, or subtext.

Outline:
Ritual Opposition Talk
Rapport Talk
Trouble Talk
Public Talk
Private Talk
Directness & Indirectness Talk

From the Paper
"Trouble talk, or confessional talk, the exchanging of information about problems, is another form of intimacy, also often seen amongst women in our current cultural environment. A woman might share her problems about a new boss or boyfriend. When trouble talking, women often expect empathetic agreement from their partner, while men might often be taken aback when a more stereotypically male approach to 'solving' the problem that is apparently troubling the woman meets with opposition. Often, the purpose of trouble talk is opening up about an emotional need, not 'fixing' a specific problem in the eyes of many women."

Tags:culture, relationship, superior, speech, confrontation, vocal, pitch

Abstract
This paper mainly discusses the idea of Holocaust denial and the people who follow this practice and how they support their ideas with the views of Deborah Lipstadt and her rebuttal.

From the paper:

"?Modern Holocaust denial draws inspiration from a variety of sources? (Lipstadt 31). The Holocaust Deniers, or more appropriately called ?revisionist? historians, and historians of the traditional school seem to differ greatly in their methodologies as shown when they use the same piece of evidence in two separate manners to come to two completely different conclusions."

Tags:deniers, holocaust, ii, lipstadt, revisionists, war, world

From the Paper
"Deborah Tannen, in You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation, has two primary purposes in mind. First, she wants to describe and give examples of how men and women have very different ways of conversing. Second, she wants to suggest that once we come to understand these different ways of communicating, we can begin to make allowances for the opposite gender's communications and as a result experience more successful exchanges of information, ideas and feelings in conversation.

Tannen does not want us to radically change our ways of conversing, but rather to show why men and women misunderstand one another so frequently. Men basically believe that women in conversation want to take away their freedom, that there is something threatening about the way women converse. Women, on the ..."

From the Paper
" This study will compare Eric Berne's Games People Play and Deborah Tannen's You Just Don't Understand. Berne's book is about transactional analysis, which is based on the idea that there are three kinds of ego states, and that these ego states are expressed by the Parent, Adult and Child parts of the personality (23). Tannen's book describes and give examples of how men and women have very different ways of conversing. Berne and Tannen approach failures in human communication using different theories and foci, but the similarities between the two books are great. Both authors believe that human beings are generally unaware of what brings about failures in communication, and because they are unaware of the problems, they are helpless to fix them. The harder they try, the greater the communication failure.

Tannen wants to suggest that once we come to understand the.."

From the Paper
"This study will provide a summary and critical review of Deborah Gray White's Ar'n't I A Woman?: Female Slaves in the Plantation South.
White in this book is trying to bring into the public consciousness the suffering endured by female slaves in the slavery-dependent South. She says that most studies of slavery focus, either deliberately or subliminally, on the male slave. And those "few scholars who study black women fail to note that black women suffer a double oppression: that shared by all African-Americans and that shared by most women" (23). With respect to slavery specifically, White says many scholars conclude that female slaves were better treated than male slaves. In fact most black women of the time plowed, planted, and hoed, did.."

Abstract
This essay provides an analysis and review of Alfred Young's book "Masquerade: The Life and Times of Deborah Sampson." The paper gives particular focus to the traits of Deborah Sampson that were characteristic of the values of the American Revolution era and its participants.

From the Paper
"Alfred Young maintains Deborah Sampson was a young female of low birth and station in "Masquerade: The Life and Times of Deborah Sampson, Continental Soldier." In "Masquerade" Young sets out to properly balance the life and experiences of Deborah Sampson who served in the Continental Army for seventeen months in disguise as Robert Shurtliff, a man. Young maintains Sampson's chief biographer Herman Mann created a biography for Sampson that served their economic purposes but one that is a tangle of fact invention and mystery. In untangling..."

Tags:patriots, loyalists, deception, double agents, Washington, Continental Army, cross-dressing, honorable discharge, veteran's benefits, lecture circuit, patriarchy, gender

Abstract
The following brief review examines Deborah Tannen's article on "How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently" and asserts that the style of classroom communication supports how males learn rather then how females learn. This review argues that Tannen's argument itself is biased towards wanting to show an unfair situation for females.

From the Paper
"Tannen makes some excellent points in this article. Considering the current focus on equal opportunity, the point that one situation for everyone is not necessarily the best way is an important one.
Tannen effectively describes some of the ways that males and females are different, showing how the classroom is tailored to the needs of males. In this description, though, there appears to be a bias. For example, debate and participation are only two aspects of the classroom. Other aspects include written tests, reading assignments and presentations to class. These aspects that may be more suitable to female learning are not discussed."

Tags:classroom, learning, structure, participation, slikk, peer, relations, assignments

Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "You Just Don't Understand by the linguist Deborah Tannen. The sees it as a work of popular psychology written with the intention of analyzing and explaining the different conversational and linguistic styles of men and women. The author cites Tannen's central thesis that some of the difficulties in communication between men and women in the workplace and at home are the result of the inherently different conversational styles of the sexes.

From the Paper
"Some of Tannen's theories tend to support common preconceived notions of gender norms. For instance, women are thought to emphasize collaboration and consensus when coming to a group decision. Men tend to use confrontation, even when they are in some form of basic agreement with the individual with whom they are speaking. This male, confrontational style, even when done in a friendly manner, can be alienating to women. Women, in contrast, often use conversation not as a means of communicating information but as a way of reaffirming interpersonal connections. This is why men often think that women are talking about nothing. The purpose of such traditionally female speech is not the topic of conversation that is at hand, rather it is to say, "Yes we're friends", or Yes we're together", or simply "I am here for you." This is why women are often taken aback when, in trying to talk about their day, the man in their life tries to solve the problem their words have brought up, rather than simply listening to them and acknowledging and affirming "Yes, you did have a problem at work today."

Tags:gender, male, female, sexual identity, sex role stereotype