Abstract
The paper describes how in 1858 Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas held a series of debates while they contested the U.S. Senate seat from Illinois. The paper discusses how these debates are the most famous in U.S. History; Douglas won the election, but due to stands which Lincoln forced him to take during their senate debate, Douglas could not win the presidency in 1860 and instead Lincoln won the office.

From the Paper
"Springfield, July 31, 1858 Hon. S.A. Douglas - Dear Sir: Yours of yesterday, naming places, times and terms for joint discussions between us, was received this morning. Although, by the terms, as you propose, you take four openings and closes, to my three I accede... Your Obedient servant A. LINCOLN. (Lincoln 65) With these words Illinois senatorial candidate Abraham Lincoln of the fledgling Republican Party accepted the terms for a series of debates with his Democratic rival, the incumbent Stephen Douglas. While Douglas had a national reputation, Lincoln was as yet hardly known outside of Illinois."

Tags:debate, popular, sovereignty

Abstract
This paper explains that televised debates, which are essential in every major political race, are more than the traditional campaign advertising on which most strategies relied in the past. The author points out that the Kennedy-Nixon televised debates in 1960, which were the first major use of this media, justified the preference for televised debates as tools in political campaigns. The paper relates the advantages and disadvantages of televised debates

From the Paper
"The direct contact between the audience and the candidates created during such debates also draws the attention on the actual human perspective of the candidate. Indeed, candidates are the representatives of the society they come from, still they are humans, and the personal perspective of his character tends to draw the attention of most viewers during election time. It may be that during Abraham Lincoln's campaigning days, character traits were more or less placed aside and the impact of the message he delivered was not influenced by his personality."

Tags:free, personality, misperceptions, unbiased, interact

Abstract
The paper explores the current political debates about immigration, and discusses how the idea of equality becomes one that is based on how the Canadian government uphold the laws protecting these people. The paper explains that the issue of labor is the crux in which the white working class populations often come into conflict with the immigrant populations or alienate them. The paper then discusses how the government has been in a political stalemate over the issue of deportation of illegal immigrants.

Tags:canada, immigrant, wages

Abstract
This paper analyzes the direction taken in presidential debates. It illustrates the emphasis placed on the economic angle and shows how politicians have become adept at using those economic questions to bring in other issues, such as family values and fairness, that politicians believe will sway the majority of Americans to vote for them.

From the Paper
"President Bush responded that although Clinton said he would not raise taxes on the middle class and the working class, his proposal to bring in an additional $150 billion in taxes would end up doing just that. He said that although proposals to "soak the rich" always sound appealing, it would be impossible to raise that much from the wealthy and in the end, the working class and middle class would end up paying for Clinton's proposed spending increases."

Tags:politics, government, arguments, campaigns

Abstract
This paper explains that, in the 2008 presidential election, the first presidential debate was supposed to focus on foreign policy; however, the sparring between the candidates Barak Obama and John McCain around the management of the economy indicated the sense of impending doom in the nation. Even on foreign policy, the author deems Obama the winner. Next, the author describes the vice-president's debate and suggests that Joe Biden is the winner over Sarah Palin. In the second debate that was in a town hall format, which was said to favor McCain's style, the paper observers that McCain seemed more uncomfortable and awkward than Obama, whose body language and level of comfort had clearly increased since the previous debate.

Table of Contents:
The First Presidential Debate 2008
Senator Barak Obama versus Senator John McCain at the University of Mississippi
Vice Presidential Debate
Senator Joe Biden versus Governor Sarah Palin at University of Washington, St. Louis
Second Presidential Debate
Senator Barak Obama versus Senator John McCain at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee

From the Paper
"Aware that he is perceived as more experienced on the global stage, McCain accused Obama of being naive about the way the world works, of being soft on terrorists and of being overly eager to negotiate with anti-Semitic, renegade world leaders like Ahmadinejad. In contrast, Obama accused McCain of devoting precious foreign policy resources to a failed war in Iraq, when these resources could have been better diverted to fight terrorism in Afghanistan. He stated that McCain had shown poor judgment in following the Bush Administration's call for war, and continued to show poor judgment in calling for further financial support for the war."

Tags:grandstanding, poor judgment, problematic winking, healthcare plan

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the DSM diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder has become rather a household term since 1980, applied to persons having withstood severe alarm and abuse in wartime as much as the victims of any untoward or unexpected event. The paper introduces fundamentals of how the PTSD diagnosis is made, variations in symptoms and how the patient is regarded. Critical material by Young and Summerfield is introduced in addition to articles stressing PTSD's march forwards in terms of related research findings and better understanding of war-affected personalities and others.

From the Paper
"The DSM model of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD in the early 21st century involves what is now rather a household term. PTSD was added to the DSM manual in 1980 and in the 1990s enjoyed a certain vogue as the subject of much research and considerable public debate. PTSD is also a legal expression of impairment, a way of explaining the delayed stress reactions of ex-military patients, torture survivors, or sexual abuse victims, or for that matter, those who sustain relatively minor automobile accidents. This paper explains our conception of PTSD and also the reasons ..."

Tags:origins, debate

Abstract
This paper analyzes the third Obama - McCain presidential debate and further examines its impact on the outcome of the presidential election of 2008. The paper includes direct quotes from the debates on the issue of the economy. Also included are major points from the tax plans of both candidates, presented in a list format. The paper also touches on other issues raised in this debate, such as renewable energy and tax breaks to small business. The paper concludes by stating that the weak economy was a major turning point for Obama in the election.

From the Paper
"These three issues were on everyone's minds and were the main issues of the third debate. They both summed up the dismal situation: When the debate started at Hofstra University in New York, McCain said Americans are hurting and angry because of the economic crisis. He blamed the crisis on greed and excess on Wall Street and in Washington, DC, and homeowners needed to be put first (VOA News). Obama was the first to bring up the big "D" word and to give McCain credit where credit was due. He retorted that the country is experiencing the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression."

Tags:renewable energy, tax plans, election 2008, small business

Abstract
This paper reviews a 2003 meta analysis on studies focusing on the effects of presidential debate viewing. It discusses the issue that effect the outcome of elections. It also notes the importance of voters learning more about the candidates.

From the Paper
"The issue being studied is whether presidential debates have an effect on the outcome of the elections by affecting the viewers' voting decisions. This question is crucially important for a variety of reasons as the authors point out. First and foremost of ..."

Tags:president, debates, meta analysis, significance, candiates, election

Abstract
The paper shows how the debate on the idea of "rule by the strong", as it existed between Plato and Thrasyrmarchus in the "Republic" and between Lincoln and Douglas in the Lincoln-Douglas debates, was similar in a number of ways.

From the Paper
"It has been said that the issue between Thrasyrmachus and Socrates in Book One of Plato's Republic is nearly the same as the issue between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas in their 1858 debates. It has even been said that the form of what took place is nearly the same. The issue between Lincoln and Douglas is certainly similar to the issue between Thrasymachus and Socrates insofar as they are both arguing either for or against a form of majority (or rule by the strong) and the form of the debate is similar because in both cases one of the debaters "leads" the other to answer a question to their disadvantage."

Tags:america, greek, philosophy, political, politics, republic, slavery, strong

Abstract
This is an investigation of the attitudes and debates surrounding free trade with the United States on the Canadian side of the border during the period of 1985 to 2000. The author examines the reasons for free trade and the events that led up to the entry into agreements as well as the hopes, fears and results of free trade between the two countries with focus on Canadian fears.

From the Paper
"There are 8,893km of virtually unprotected border between Canada and the United States; the longest in the world. With over 100 years of peaceful coexistence and general friendship, it is also one of the world's most peaceful borders. It comes as no surprise then that the cultures and histories of both countries are so intertwined or, to take the more cynical view "that Canada's culture and history are disproportionately intertwined with that of the United States. Whatever position taken, the phenomena exists and as a result of this closeness have arisen more practical issues" such as concerns dealing with the environment, mutual defense and trade."

Tags:canada, employment, environment, free, fta, nafta, trade