Abstract
This paper examines how one of the most controversial issues in health care today is the use of stem cells for medical research. It shows that, while stem cell research offers incredible possibilities for treating and curing illnesses and diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, stroke, spinal cord injury, heart disease and diabetes, it also poses highly controversial issues, originating mainly from how these stem cells are obtained. It looks at how the best known source of stem cells is human fetal tissue and how harvesting the stem cells destroys the embryo, which is something that many see as morally and ethically wrong. It explores the topic of stem cell research in an effort to determine how the debate could best be resolved.

From the Paper
"Embryonic stem cells are considered the most useful in research because they can become any type of cell, while adult stem cells are more limited. There is no controversy revolving around the use of human adult stem cells in research, since they can be retrieved from the individual requiring the therapy. Since embryonic stem cells derive from the inner cell mass of the early embryo, they are capable of forming all the tissues of the body. But there is much controversy over the use of embryonic stem cells."

Tags:embryo, human, fetal, tissue, disease

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the mindset of the law-makers in the U.S. gave way to the making of the Constitution, and more importantly the inclusion of an entire chapter that would particularly safeguard the rights and interests of the people against all other authorities in the country. These were known as the Fundamental Rights, which would cater to the needs of the average man in the country, thereby providing him respite even in the face of the highest authority in the nation if his rights were to be violated in any instance. With regard to the topic of contempt of court and free speech, the writer looks at the debate between the will of a higher authority that is the judiciary and the most basic yet unavoidable right of the common man, i.e. the right to freedom of expression. Since the project topic seems to be a conflict between the two, the researcher first defines or throws light on what both of them hold. The researcher then discusses both the aspects of this issue, thereby trying to draw a conclusion with regard to what finally over-rules; authority or right.

Outline:
Introduction
Chapter 1- Contempt of Court: A Punishable Offence
Chapter 2- Freedom of Speech: A Fundamental Right
Chapter 3- Contempt of Court vs. Free Speech
Chapter 4- Position of the Indian as well as English law in the context of Contempt of Court
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The present case is one of critical analysis and amazement as to how irresponsible and callous the media can be, in the pretext of doing their job. The fact that such media persons do not understand the implication of their publications, attacking and impugning the very integrity and character of the judges, is indeed, a very disgraceful thing to happen in the context of freedom of speech and expression. Nevertheless, in all this process the publishers got what they wanted- intense publicity and profits at the expense of a panel of a few judges. And all the judiciary did in this respect was to let them off on the basis of a tendered apology. This does send negative signals to the mass at large, that might start thinking that they can say and do anything they want to in the exercise of their freedom of speech and expression, and can get away with the same by tendering false apologies to the Court, to escape punishment. In this way, not only did the reputation of the judiciary suffer a blow, it also did not succeed in meting out proper justice to the wrong-doers by simply letting them loose."

Tags:justice, judge, expression, administration

Abstract
This paper relates that Barbour's book Religion and Science: Historical and Contemporary Issues" takes a chronological approach starting with the medieval picture of the Universe as a synthesis between Aristotelian cosmology and Christian theology. The author points out that Barbour argues that nowhere is the divide between religion and science wider than in the debate between biologists and theologians and, in particular, in the debate between evolutionists and creationists, which goes to the very core of the divide between science and religion. The paper relates that evolution is a process of change over time that refers to the formation and development of life on earth. The idea that all living things evolved from simple organisms and changed through the ages to produce millions of species is known as the theory of organic evolution.

From the Paper
"In his book, Barbour discusses the knowledge of historical geology prior to Darwin, and how Cuvier had reconstructed fossilized bones from extinct species, using these reconstructions to point out, to his students, that "a variety of creatures had been produced by special acts of divine intervention". Barbour the discusses the work of Hutton, who, through his research on large-scale geological processes, such as volcanoes and sedimentation, had concluded that these processes, acting across geological time, could act to provide different life forms with different habitats, and could also act to destroy life forms at different times to make way for other, new, life forms. Thus, Barbour argues, using Hutton's work as a prime example, "the need to reinterpret the Biblical accounts of the creation of living things was apparent to most literate persons long before Darwin's specific views made this need more acute"."

Tags:aquinas, scopes, organisms, darwin, bible

Abstract
An analysis that presents the issue of abortion and why it remains an important topic in today's moral debates in America. By understanding the case Roe v. Wade, we can see how these difficult issues come into the political spotlight.

Abstract
Jazz is a music that belongs to all races. This paper argues that, even though there have been a majority of African-American musicians in the jazz community, anyone can play it, write it, and express their feelings through it. There was music being played at the same time jazz began by other people who had a big influence on jazz, however. This paper shows that there have also been many white musicians who have made important and influential contributions to jazz. Over the last few decades, many jazz artists and critics have become vocal about their opinion about jazz and race because there are so many strong opinions about it. The writer concludes that this issue has been discussed privately since jazz became popular and that the connection between jazz and race continues to be a widely discussed topic in the jazz community.

From the Paper
"The connection between jazz music and race has been discussed since jazz first became a genre one hundred years ago. Over the last four decades, many jazz artists have become more vocal about the idea that jazz is a black music. The argument is not that all good jazz musicians are black, but that the most immediate and significant ancestors have been black. Some of the major jazz innovators such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis Thelonious Monk, and John Coltrane have been black. The view of jazz as a black music, however, is controversial. There are many that believe that jazz is not the property of just one racial group. Artists who are or were not black such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw Stan Getz, Bix Beiderbecke, Gerry Mulligan, Dave Brubeck, Frank Trumbauer, and Charlie Haden have also left distinguished marks on jazz. At the turn of the century, when jazz first became popular, white and black musicians were playing very similar, though not identical, forms of music. Some artists and critics claim that the jazz expression of black Americans is a creative reflection of the black experience, however, most artists see jazz as a way to express personal experience, no matter what race they are. Though the first innovative jazz musicians were black, jazz is a music that belongs to all races."

Tags:armstrong, coltrane, race, racism, shaw

Abstract
This paper delves into the legal, ethical and religious aspects surrounding abortion, while also focusing on the feminist view of this hotly-debate topic. The writer of this paper traces the roots of the abortion debate back to Susan B. Anthony. Anthony opposed abortion because the medical procedure, in her time, was unsafe and endangered a woman's health and life. This paper examines how feminists today defend the development of safe and effective birth control as a means to prevent abortion. This paper also looks at the views of various feminist organizations such as Feminists for Life and Feminists Against Abortion. This paper discusses the media's impact in the evolution of the "Pro-Choice" and "Pro-Life" movements. This paper also discusses how the laws regarding legal abortions have changed over the past 40 years. In 1965, all 50 states banned the procedure, with some exceptions. In 1973, The Supreme Court reversed the situation in the case of Roe vs. Wade, declaring most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional. The writer of this paper explores the issue of abortion in various religions, including Judaism and the different Christian sects. While those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion must be considered. This paper also touches on the ethical side, where many believe that abortions should only be considered when the life of the mother is at stake. However, shades of grey enter into the picture when other reasons are offered as well, as detailed in this paper.

From the Paper
"Although those of the Catholic faith do not believe that abortion is an acceptable solution to undesired pregnancies, they do accept that there may be situations when an abortion takes place as the outcome of trying to deal with another medical issue. For example, the Church would allow "the doctrine of double effect" if the mother requires a life-saving operation that may possibly end the pregnancy, since it is the first priority to save the woman's life rather than end the pregnancy.
Many Protestant denominations including the Anglicans, Methodists and Quakers have been disinclined to be as strict as the Catholic Church. Frequently, they accept that there are certain occasions when abortion is an unavoidable result of deciding between the "lesser of two evils."
To further complicate the issue, explains Ellingson, there is even disagreement among the Catholics and among the Protestants. "It is not just a Catholic and Protestant Debate."

Tags:ethical, moral, religion, debate, pro, life, choice, law, constitution, susan, b, anthony, roe, vs., wade

Abstract
The social order of the United States has been in a continuous debate over the issue of abortion since the early 1800s. State and federal laws have affected the legal medical practice of abortions and the individuals on both sides of the issue within the health care profession. The Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade contended that laws relating to women's rights were unconstitutional. However, the court also stated that the issue of when life begins, to address ethical concerns about abortion, would ultimately have to be determined by those in "medicine, philosophy and theology". This paper considers the ongoing and controversial abortion debate, looking at different theological and ethical perspectives as well as the medical perspective on the topic.

Tags:ethics, medicine, abortion

Abstract
The paper relates that abortion is an issue that has been debated ever since it became possible to perform them, particularly, since the rise of practical ethics in the 1960s (Sumner). The paper explains that two polarised camps have emerged, with one (the liberal camp) fervently in favour of abortion and the other (the conservative camp) heatedly opposed, and, medical ethicists have debated the topic vigorously (albeit inconclusively). The paper examines how in his important work, "Abortion and Moral Theory", Sumner takes an essentially utilitarian approach towards the subject.

From the Paper
"Abortion is an issue that has been debated ever since it became possible to perform them. In particular, it has been hotly debated since the rise of practical ethics in the 1960s. (Sumner) Two polarised camps have emerged, with one (the liberal camp) fervently in favour of abortion and the other (the conservative camp) heatedly opposed. In addition, medical ethicists have debated the topic vigorously (albeit inconclusively). In his important work, "Abortion and Moral Theory", Sumner takes an essentially utilitarian approach towards the subject. However, philosophers such as Winkler and Hoffmaster have applied serious and important criticisms to..."

Tags:abortion, sumner, utilitarian

Abstract
This paper proposes to study the topic of CPR and family presence from a perspective of a medical wellness need from both a nursing and physician point of view. The paper also researches the area of patient response to family involvement in CPR actions along with the primary objective of family presence during CPR procedures.

Problem Statement and Rationale
Research Question
Proposed Testable Hypotheses
Proposed Research Design
Investigative Variables
Research Assumptions
Definition of Terms
Sampling Procedure
Measurement Instrument
Study Limitation
Data Analysis
Ethical Considerations

From the Paper
"The practice of medicine is oftentimes a stressful encounter, a grueling practice, and a crucial time wherein split second decisions must be made. As such medical practitioners are oftentimes at odds not only with respect to the type of patient resuscitation needed but also who should perform the procedure and who should be present during the life-threatening situation. Agreement on any one of these tenets has never been totally garnered nor has there been any significant research investigation particularly into the concept of family presence during CPR. "

Tags:total, patient, wellness, holistic, perspective, medical, debate, scientific, inquiry

Abstract
Examined here is the seemingly intractable debate that has garnered much debate and philosophical discourse. Is abortion unethical? If so, on what grounds? Does a fetus have an unquestionable right to life? The arguments of three philosophers, Thompson, Warren, and Marquis attempt to construe argument devoid of appeal to religious sources. Actual logical arguments are put forth and then dissected by the author. Instruction of Informal fallacies also included, as well as topics such as debate through analogies, Criteria of Personhood, and Potentiality theories: FLO theory.

From the Paper
"First let us begin with an argument derived from the article by Judith Jarvis-Thompson entitled, "A Defense of Abortion." She starts of with explaining the common pro-life argument, which relies heavily on the premise that a fetus is a human being and a person at the moment of conception. While examining the continuous expectancy that the fetus constantly develops into a child, she from this judges that to draw a line of personhood from this point or another is to exemplify the argument with an arbitrary carelessness. She makes no attempt to refute a fetus as a person or otherwise. To do so she deems as participation in a "slippery-slope argument." Thompson acknowledges that the fetus is a human well before it's birth, for it would be biologically unsound to state otherwise. Based on her take of the anti-abortionist's argument an acorn (a potential oak tree) would be viewed in the same way as an Oak tree is, even though that this is an incorrect and rather crude observation. From this basis, she says on cannot make a good examination until a better counter-argument is examined and then she says we will have more sufficient grounds on which to reject it or not."

Tags:analogy, debate, discourse, ethics, informal, life, logic, personhood, philospohy, political, science, theory