Abstract
This paper explores how Diocletian's reform of Roman coinage and the "Tetrarchic" style of representation served in literally changing the face of Rome's coins. Furthermore, it assesses how these two dramatic changes in the coinage served to bring a sense of stability back to the Empire. These questions are dealt with through an examination of the history of coinage in the Roman Empire and how it changed under Diocletian. The paper suggests that issues faced by the Empire were reflected in its coinage. The author concludes that in Diocletian's coinage reform, he attempted to not only bring about economic stability for the Empire, but to also ensure the presence of such stability on the coins themselves.

Coin Value: Debasement, Degeneration, and Revaluation
Faces on the Coins: All for One
Hand in Hand: Stability as Brought About Through the Coins
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Fifty years after the end of the Pax Romana, the emperor Diocletian was tasked with securing order in the Roman Empire. Chief among the issues Dicoletian faced was an increasing devaluation of imperial coinage. Although the almost half a century of barbarian invasions and bickering warlords was now behind the Empire, the effects of such tensions were still felt in monetary exchange rates."

Tags:Roman Empire, numismatics, iconography, Emporers

Abstract
This paper analyzes Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels" and how it is an indictment of humanity. The paper explains that, in "Gulliver's Travels", Swift seeks to condemn human nature as being a state that is assimilated by all in terms of unthinking servitude to individuals' own desires and needs, which conflict and contrast to create a sort of messy chaos that is not ruled by reason or logic. The paper relates that Swifts condemnation of human nature is not light satire. Rather it is a general indictment of humanity as being naturally loathsome and horrible to behold. That is, Swift does not see any saving grace in civilization, but instead concentrates on the innate debasement of humanity.

From the Paper
"When the narrator accepts that the horses are his social superiors and masters, he does so after some amount of discussion, having learned their language enough to give a rather proud account of his native land, which is summarily dismissed by the horses as being typical of Yahoo behavior. The horses remark that it is not unheard of in their land to also see Yahoos squabbling and killing each other over certain minerals, and that the dominant Yahoo is also surrounded by fawning subservient attendants who herd female
Yahoos into his camp and help to clean the lead Yahoo's feet and behind."

Tags:houyhnhnms, yahoo, condemnation, ignorance, salvation

Abstract
This paper explains that, from the Catholic viewpoint, pornography offends against the divine plan for the body and for the intimacy of sexual union by fixating on certain normal bodily functions in an immodest and obsessive way. The author points out that the natural state of sexuality revealed in Creation renders a theology of the body, which places sexual behavior within the confines of marriage, sanctifying the sexual experience; pornography degrades human sexuality, denying the three original experiences of man and the holy Sacrament of Matrimony. The paper stresses that the placement of sexuality outside the marital bond rejects its intimate reality, making sex a public not private act, disjoining the two in the objectification of the body and the psychological debasement of the spirit.

From the Paper
"Original nakedness describes how the man and woman are to relate to each other. The experience of nakedness is bound with the idea of shame and knowledge. Nakedness means something more than sight, demonstrating the supposed relationship of male and female. Lack of shame renders interior freedom a necessity of their experience, the complete ability to choose without the restricting knowledge of their bodies and sex. The two become a communion through the experience of being naked not through its knowledge, for in being naked and unashamed they freely give the self to the other an act which affirms the other person. This affirmation of the individual indicates the self for the sake of the self, an absolute end in itself as willed by the Creator through Love. In accepting the gift of the other the two enter into communion but still retain their subjectivity. To preserve the gift of subjectivity in marriage the couple is called to be chaste. Chastity as defined as the full integration of sexuality into the person, is most distinctly expressed in the marital act where respect for the spouse and the relationship are most evident."

Tags:psychological, sex, public, marriage, obsessive

Abstract
This paper looks at the author's upbringing and how this influenced his writing of this work. The book issues an ultimatum to American whites to wake up to the degradation they had been forcing upon American blacks at the cost of their own debasement. It warns that if not, the world will be destroyed by fire.

From the Paper
"Growing up black Baldwin experienced race as the single most important element in his life. The fact that he was black overwhelmed everything else. In the letter that introduces the book, Baldwin's uncle says, you "faced the future that you faced because you were black and for no other reason" (18). Baldwin knows this well. Being black is the central fact of his life. Young blacks spent their days "fighting the man" (31). Hopelessness was the constant mood. There was a "cloud that stood between them and the sun" (82 ). Every black he knew was "worn down . . .by the incessant and gratuitous humiliation and danger" (32) that each faced every day."

Tags:religion, racism, god, fire, hell, humanity, liberation

From the Paper
The purpose of this research is to show that the Athenian woman was not as completely debased or as secluded as sometimes presented. The social, political and legal rights of women during this ancient period of Greece's history will be reviewed. Also covered will be evidence of women's participation in religious ceremonies.

The point is a difficult one to prove - or disprove - it depends from which viewpoint in history you are looking at the Greeks; it also depends, since the Greeks had a caste system of sorts, which economic class you are concentrating on.

To the Victorian woman, whose only legitimate role was to marry and be supported and protected by her husband, the glamorous, educated lives of the "hetairai" (prostitutes), if they were allowed to be aware of them, would have seemed like devilishly- ... "

Abstract
This paper explains that Harry Sylvester's "I Won't Do No Dive" represents the cultural phenomenon of the fixing of boxing matches, which is commonly told in sports-themed literature and Hollywood screen plays. The author points out that, even the incorrect phrasing of the term, "I won't do no dive", is a deliberate double-negative, familiar as both the text of a boxer who won't deliberately lose a match and as a double-negative that resonates of the poor English of a boxer growing up in a rough area and enduring many battles in his attempted climb to the top. The paper relates that match fixing provides for an interesting literary device by creating a complicated dilemma, which underscores the importance of honesty and competition in sport and how the corruption of these mottos commonly debases it.

From the Paper
"The era in which the story was written (the 1930s) also has literary implications, as we witness the rough-and-tumble surrounds of a struggling boxer in the earlier part of the twentieth century. The characters speak in the incorrect English of a rough area in a bygone era - which is not specified, but his again is a good literary device: we romanticize the era and the place, perhaps imagining a rough, no-holds-barred Brooklyn, where even the rough, down-on-their-luck crowd have dreams of boxing and making it big."

Tags:dilemma, double-negative, mobsters, engaging, language

Abstract
This paper focuses on the Socratic method, which unlike most philosophical teachings, seeks to debase beliefs rather than build them up. This paper discusses the views and opinions of both Plato and Socrates in regards to the Socratic method. The writer of this paper contends and explains why readers of Plato's works should be skeptical of his presentation of philosophical notions through the argumentative style, which he attributes to Socrates. This paper discusses the basic philosophy behind the Socratic method, in which Socrates' reliance upon the soul to lead into the discussion of virtue could be attacked upon the assertion that insufficient evidence exists to contend that there are such things as souls. On the other hand, Plato believes that souls must exist because they explain the competing inclinations people can possess. This paper also delves into Plato's and Socrates' roles as philosophers and theorists.

From the Paper
"However, the chief limitation of the manner by which Socrates is expressed through Plato is that his lessons are no longer personalized with respect to the audience; they are only personal with respect to the characters Plato generates. The power of Socrates' technique is that it forces him to investigate many of his centrally held beliefs simultaneously with the person he is communicating; any questions that arise from his audience, or possible objections to his line of reasoning, must be addressed. This capacity is necessarily lacking when it is placed upon paper because any questions or objections that might be evoked in the reader inevitably go unanswered. For example, when Socrates argues, "So one may say this about everything; all other human activities depend on the soul, and those of the soul itself depend on wisdom if they are to be good."

Tags:greek, philosophy, teaching, writings, dialogues

Abstract
This paper explores issues of how hip-hop culture, which includes not just rap music but beat-boxing, turntablism, break-dancing, krumping, and other manifestations, has been the focus of a great deal of negative attention due to what is widely perceived as a negative and debasing image or stereotype of women that is put forth in the culture.

Outline
Introduction
Historical Perspective
Present Problems
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"From an historical perspective, hip-hop music has not been around for very long, compared to other forms of music that have sparked societal debate, such as rock and roll and disco. Hip-hop music arguably began in the late seventies with artists like Grandmaster Flash and Electro, and focused on talking or rapping rather than singing, over a strong beat, often break-beat, and sampled instrumentation from other songs. Hip hop was male-dominated in its early days, as it continues to be today, and the lyrics for many hip-hop songs focused on presenting an idea of masculinity that was centered on the reality of life on the streets. As hip-hop gained in popularity through the 80s and even mainstream rock groups like Blondie and the Talking Heads dabbled in rap, this ethos was extended, expanded, and reinforced by groups like Public Enemy, Boogie Down Productions, and the Ultramagnetic MC's, who featured male lead rappers who were often dismissive of females and also often sought to stereotype women as being gold-diggers, bitches, and soap opera addicts. "Rap music has been around a little over 25 years now with hip-hop culture being slightly older. We now have generations of heads who grew or are growing up listening to rap. We are just beginning to see the long term effects and benefits of the imagery gleaned from videos and lyrical content; at this point it's safe to say that the effects are deep and long reaching" (Oshun, 2001). The 80s also saw the rise of so-called gangsta rap, which took the ethos of masculinity and mixed it with the myth of the outlaw or crime figure as rapper, supported by groups like N.W.A., Ice-T, and Geto Boyz."

Tags:menace, society, biker, shorts, fly, males, dominant, message, valorized, crime, pimping

Abstract
This paper describes the grounds on which psychotherapy is made legitimate, with specific attention the role played by science. Robert Fancher is presented and rebuffed as a critic of this basic philosophy. The paper shows that the justification for the use of science as a means of legitimization of psychotherapy (and in effect a means to decide the fate of the mentally ill) is valid, and predicated upon documented, empirical evidence. It shows how Robert Fancher, in his book "Cultures of Healing: Correcting the Image of American Mental Health Care", disagrees with this basic notion, over-exaggerating its weaknesses and debasing its strengths, but yet, offering no other system that is as universal and justifiable as science.

From the Paper
"Life can be viewed as a never-ending series of choices. Some are welcomed, some are not, but they are all inevitable. Man takes it upon himself in most cases to exercise his 'free will' (or illusion of free will), to decide the course of his life. As a society, we take it upon ourselves to decide the course for others in special circumstances, such as in cases of crime or disease. For the mentally ill, it is society as a whole that makes their decisions for them. The general public abdicates this power to psychiatrists and those mental health professionals specifically trained to make these decisions, similar to the way public officials are elected to make political decisions. The qualifications of these elected psychiatrists and other professionals rest in their education and training, which ultimately rests on the shoulders of modern science. It is ultimately here that society puts its trust to ensure the proper care of its mentally ill citizens; and in our deepest fears, ourselves. It is this rationalization that Fancher attacks, harshly, and often without proper merit, in his book: Cultures of Healing: Correcting the Image of American Mental Health Care."

Tags:clinical, counseling, philosophy

Abstract
Statement of the Problem
In the United States, health care is often unavailable for the homeless. This heterogeneous group of men and women, includes longterm street dwellers, residents of shelters, the chronically mentally ill, the economically debased, and alienated youth---all of whom are subject to a broad range of acute and chronic diseases, intensified by unsuitable living conditions, stress and sociopathic behavior

From the Paper
"SATISFACTION WITH HEALTH CARE IN A SAMPLE OF INDIGENTS:
WOULD THEY RATHER BE TREATED BY PHYSICIANS OR NURSE PRACTIONERS?

Statement of the Problem
In the United States, health care is often unavailable for the homeless. This heterogeneous group of men and women, includes longterm street dwellers, residents of shelters, the chronically mentally ill, the economically debased, and alienated youth---all of whom are subject to a broad range of acute and chronic diseases, intensified by unsuitable living conditions, stress and sociopathic behavior.

Trauma, pulmonary tuberculosis, infestations, and peripheral vascular disease are common problems among the homeless, and often incomplete and/or fragmentary medical care permits exacerbation of chronic disorders (Sebastian, 1994). Outreach ..."