Abstract
This paper discusses the history of signature wounds from various wars. According to this paper, the Iraq War has resulted in a large number of traumatic brain injuries. This paper goes on to discuss the causes and nature of this injury.

From the Paper
"In every war, historians recognize that there will probably be at least one signature wound that will characterize that war for posterity. Incidences of radiation sickness from the atomic bomb will forever distinguish World War II. The Vietnam War still lives on in highlighting the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder. The current Iraq War will be no different. In fact, military doctors are already aware of the signature wound of this conflict, one that is slowly dawning in the public eye. For a variety of reasons--including protective armor and enemy tactics--traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are emerging as one of the most devastating and widespread injuries among U.S. casualties of the Iraq War. Traumatic brain injury has a number of causes. However, the nature of the wound and its effects are well documented."

Tags:traumatic, brain, injury

Abstract
This paper describes the process that the supervising health manager of a warehouse would undertake to determine whether a worker's low back pain is the result of an on-the-job injury or not. In particular, the paper focuses on the supervisor's responsibilities in handling such a case.

From the Paper
"As the supervising health manager of a warehouse I would be required to determine how to handle a case where a worker who commonly lifts heavy boxes is complaining about chronic pain in his low back. Not knowing his level of physical activity at home and outside of work or other possible physical causes of the pain, I would have to do some investigating before determining whether his musculoskeletal disorder is work related. First I would research the laws in my state to find out..."

Tags:work-related injury, determination, ergonomics, lifting

Abstract
The paper reviews four articles on traumatic brain injury. The paper summarizes, discusses and critiques the four articles.

From the Paper
""Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression". A study by Kreutzer, Seel and Gourley examined the prevalence and symptom rates of depression in a sample of outpatients who had experienced a traumatic brain injury. The purpose of the study was to enhance understanding of the relationship between the independent variable of traumatic brain injury and the dependent variable of depression. The authors note that a number of factors have complicated gaining insight into this relationship, including different definitions of depression, limited sample sizes in previous research and variability in..."

Tags:traumatic, brain, injury

Abstract
The paper states that a spinal cord injury (SCI) affects not only the approximately 350,000 individuals in the United States who are living with SCI, but also the spouses, siblings, sons, daughters and other family members that have to cope with the sudden changes in lifestyle(s) that portends such injuries as well. The paper seeks to ascertain how a SCI affects the quality of life (QOL) for both the individual suffering from the injury and the family caregivers that are associated with the victim as well. The paper defines QOL in an acceptable manner and also observes the positive and negative responses from those individuals who have to cope with the effects that those sudden changes bring about.

Outline:
Introduction
SCI Background
Methodology
Coping
Need and Significance

From the Paper
"Some of the incurred expenses can include around the clock nursing care; respiratory therapy; modifying an automobile for transportation; adaptive equipment such as a special air mattress bed which will turn and position the individual; a sip and puff wheelchair; physical therapy; adaptive clothing; supplies such as supra pubic supplies; bed bags, etc. These expenses do not include costs to attain a higher level of health, but are only coincidental to maintaining an already reached level. Along with the financial burden that such an injury can induce is the emotional and mental and psychological stress that takes its toll on the victim and surrounding families members."

Tags:normal, roles, stabilized, additional, costs, responsibilities

Abstract
The paper examines an article which describes an experiment that looks at how much disgust processing plays a role in blood-injection-injury phobia. The paper first outlines the main points presented in the article and then proceeds to discuss difficulties encountered when reviewing the article. Finally, the paper discusses the conclusions drawn regarding future study.

Outline:
Hypothesis
Mini Abstract
Criticisms
Evaluation in Context
Complex Concepts
Skills needed
Skills needing further Development
References

From the Paper
"Even though it has been previously noted that it is mainly females that possess the BII phobic disorder, this study fails to represent both genders. This makes it harder to generalise the findings to the population as a whole, but just to females. Male BII phobic patients may react in a different way which would need to be considered. In relation to the measurement of disgust, this was measured in a laboratory environment and not in an ecologically valid setting, which in turn could affect the overall results. Disgust may not just be influenced by the sight of something horrible. It involves all senses like the smell and the sounds which can enhance the experience, something that this study fails to consider. In terms of the strengths of this study, the use of fMRI is the most accurate method in recording brain activation and therefore makes the brain scan analysis results extremely reliable."

Tags:scans, brain, patients, control, occipital, findings, cuneus, lingual, stimuli, cognitive

Abstract
This research proposal paper discusses myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in AIDS patients. It also looks at potential therapeutic treatment for AIDS patients. The paper specifically tests the hypothesis that ethanol offers a potential treatment method in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury, with particular reference to patients with AIDS.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Current Treatment in AIDS Chapter 6: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
"In addition to research recommendations, economic research on the benefits of the cure need to be considered. Because a major problem with the treatment of AIDS symptoms and HIV prevention is the affordability of medication, especially in AIDS-ridden third world countries, researchers must determine whether or not ethanol is an affordable measure. If it is not an affordable measure for the treatment of AIDS symptoms, researchers should decide whether to pour more resources into discovering the benefits of ethanol in addition to increasing its affordability or to use current research about ethanol alcohol to contemplate other methods for treating HIV and AIDS that may be more affordable."

Tags:treatment, medication, ethanol, HIV

Abstract
This paper discusses that the impact a spinal cord injury (SCI) has on the sexual functioning depends on the type and level of injury, the treatment and the medication used. This paper reports that the physical effects following severing of the spinal cord are the lack of sexual arousal due to psychogenic stimuli; physiological arousal is possible. The author believes it is important that the patient's condition is evaluated recognizing the change in lifestyle that SCI demands.

From the Paper
"As in all other human bodily systems, the central nervous system controls sexual function. Any injury to the central nervous system consequently affects sexual function. The question is to what extent function and sensation will be affected with injuries at various levels and degrees of severity. (Boller & Frank, 1982) In the normal course of life, women generally have alterations in their sexual desire, ability to lubricate and/or have comfortable intercourse, or in their ability to reach or feel orgasm. Changes to genital sensation or urinary or bowel incontinence also affect the sexual response. Fortunately, women with neurological changes not affecting their hormonal status are usually fertile. Like men, overall sexual functioning, and risk of bladder and bowel incontinence, mobility issues, general health, medication, relationships and sexual self-view also determine a woman's sexual interest."

Tags:physiology, psychology, pregnancy, severity, stimulation

Abstract
This paper takes a look at self-injurious behaviors without suicidal intent among adolescents and college students. The author provides statistics that show the incidence and prevalence of self-injury but cautions that the surveys and studies that have been done are usually of relatively small sample sizes. The paper discusses several risk factors that might contribute to self-injuring behavior in young adults, such as childhood trauma or disrupted emotional development due to an invalidating environment. The paper also speculates that the increased media attention to this problem, though creating awareness, might also be glamorizing self-injurious behaviors by the "goth" and "emo" teen and young adult subcultures.

From the Paper
"Non-suicidal self-injury is the intentional act of causing physical harm to the self, committed without suicidal intent. Self-injurious behaviors (SIB) can range from the most common methods of self-mutilation, such as cutting and burning the skin, to pulling hair or pinching/slapping. For the purposes of the examination herein, socially acceptable forms of mutilation such as cosmetic piercing and tattoos are not included in the scope of self-injurious behaviors. The incidence of socially deviant self-harm among adolescents and young adults, particularly those in a college population, has been on the increase. In addition, awareness of self-harming behaviors has become a focus in the media. This new level of attention has had two distinct and contradictory effects: one is an increased effort to understand and help those suffering with the condition; the other, a glamorization of self-injurious behaviors by the "goth" and "emo" teen and young adult subcultures."

Tags:self-harm, adolescents students media

Abstract
This paper provides a scholarly review of the relevant literature to identify those factors that contribute to the incidence of injuries among adolescent athletes, as well as what steps can be taken to mediate them.

Outline
Psychological Factors Influencing Injury
Impact of Economic Status of the Community
Impact of Economic Status of the Athlete?s Family
Factors That Influence Rehabilitation of the Adolescent Athlete

From the Paper
"Participation in high school sports has grown steadily over the past 30 years and continues to rise today. According to Dr. N. L. Weaver and his colleagues at St. Louis University's Health Communication Research Laboratory, during the 1998-1999 school year over 360,000 collegiate athletes and almost 6.5 million high school athletes participated in sports. These authors report that this expansion has been accompanied by an increased awareness of the injury problem associated with participation in adolescent sports. In fact, estimates are that one-third of high school athletes will sustain some type of an injury during a sports season serious enough to result in time lost from participation."

Tags:athletic, civil, discrimination, events, gender, high, programs, rights, school, sporting, title

Abstract
This paper explores the ethics of the decision by Ford Motor Company not to redesign and not to recall the Ford Pinto in the 1970s to correct a design flaw in the gas tank that caused these vehicles to explode at relatively low speed rear impact collisions.

From the Paper
"An article in Automotive News notes that in April the Center for Auto Safety petitioned the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to recall Ford Pintos due to defects in the design of the strap on gas tank which made it susceptible to leakage and fire in low speed collisions. The petition was based upon reports from attorneys of three deaths and four serious injuries in such accidents. This petition languished in the NHTSA offices ..."

Tags:Ethics, Ford, Pinto gas tank, deathm injury, fire, liability, cost benefit analysis, criminal liability, civil liability