Abstract
This paper discusses the life of an individual who has the sensory impairment of deaf-blindness. The paper goes into detail of how a person with this impairment must live and learn to communicate, using methods other than vision and hearing. Different methods are introduced as well as opinions and research by experts in the field. Finally, there are individual testimonies as well as techniques, which allow communication to occur.

From the Paper
"After communication is successfully achieved there are still many difficulties that a person must face. We all have to remember that a deaf-blind individual may actually have no sight or hearing. Venturing outside of the home and classroom is often very difficult. One thing to make hearing, seeing, or both people aware of is that when outside, deaf-blind individuals use a red and white cane."

Tags:blind, blindness, deaf

Abstract
This paper examines the most effective then least effective evaluation tools for students that are either deaf or blind.

From the Paper
"According to a document published online by the Galluadet Research Institute, hearing loss alters deaf children's learning styles. As a result, deaf children require different experiential and learning forms to thrive in school. Because deaf children typically have limited access to the flow of information both in their home environment and in their educational environment, these students sometimes develop gaps in their vocabulary, language and conceptual knowledge. Rather than using standardized testing at various points in a child's academic career, this website document suggest that educators should administer readiness tests..."

Tags:Education, Deafness, Valuation Tools, Standardized Testing, Readiness Testing, Educational Professionals, Specialists, Psychologists, Speech Therapists, Language Acquisition, individual assessment plan

Abstract
Discusses how the deaf & blind population is treated as a minority within current American culture. Needs and problems of this population. Provisions of the American Disabilities Act (ADA). Concept of equal access. Status of the deaf & blind population in mainstream American society. Power relationships. Application of Bowen's family systems theory. Social work advocacy.

From the Paper
"This research examines the deaf/blind population as a minority within the current American culture, for the purpose of evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of mainstream society and determining possible ways in which the discipline of social work can engage the process of social transformation and reform with this population. The research will set forth salient characteristics of this group and discusses ways in which the deaf and/or blind population has been identified as a minority within society, and also discuss the content of the values and traditions, strengths and resources, and needs and problems that the deaf/blind contribute to the diversity of contemporary culture. Based on evidence provided, the research will evaluate the dimensions of power informing the experience of culture by the deaf/blind, citing, as appropriate, how concepts of power..."

Abstract
This paper describes how a chaplain can provide pastoral care for a deaf, blind woman in the hospital who is legally blind and has lost 90% of her hearing. It includes relevant scripture verses.

From the Paper
"How does a chaplain provide pastoral care to a legally blind, deaf woman in the hospital to provide a sense of God's presence with her in this difficult time? Hunsinger points out that Christian pastoral caregiving is not just a technique but an offering of oneself in Christ. The ...th-century French priest St Vincent de Paul recognized that ministry is imparting the presence of God to people. If God is the center of your life no words are necessary. Your mere presence will touch..."

Tags:chaplain, pastor, pastoral care, deaf, blind, deafblind, scripture, Bible, compassion, touch, healing

Abstract
In this article the writer reviews and contrasts two physical impairments, blindness and deafness, using scholarly research on the subject of blindness and visual impairment as well as Nora Ellen Groce's "Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha's Vineyard". The writer maintains that most people believe that to see is to perceive acutely and hence to understand, while to hear without seeing leaves one left to conjure up pictures in the mind's eye as to what likely is there making the sound. Further, the writer points out, not only are people uninformed about eyesight during aging, but they tend to be ignorant of local resources available to them. The writer maintains that according to a study, the most effective tools for informing people about eyesight issues are newspapers for adults and the Internet for younger people.

Outline:
Introduction
Blindness, Low Vision, and the Search for a Model
Deafness on Martha's Vineyard
Deafness in Two Swedish Counties
Blindness - "Promoting a Message on Vision Loss..."
Works Cited

From the Paper
"To be deaf, or blind; if a hundred people were given that choice, hypothetically, how many would choose deafness over being sightless? Ninety? Ninety-five? All one hundred? It would likely be most, if not all, one hundred, because vision offers so much to the brain, the senses, and the heart."
"That is not to discount the impact of serious hearing loss, but clearly, most people believe that to see is to perceive acutely and hence to understand, while to hear without seeing leaves one left to conjure up pictures in the mind's eye as to what likely is there making the sound. Approaching a train crossing in reckless fashion without the aid of auditory support is potentially suicidal, of course; but approaching a train crossing with no auditory abilities and yet using keen eyesight for oncoming train traffic is making the best of an impaired situation - and also it is just the use of good sound human judgment."

Tags:vision, hearing, loss, blind

Abstract
Braille was created by Louis Braille in 1829 and it is "comprised of a rectangular six-dot cell on its end, with up to 63 possible combinations using one or more of the six dots" ("What", 2008). Braille is significant in the lives of blind individuals because "it is the only...method of literacy for blind persons" (What", 2008). Therefore, it has been essential in changing the manner in which visually impaired students learn. However, the International Braille Research Center states that once blind students were integrated into the public schools system in the 1960s the use of Braille declined ("What", 2008). This was because in the public school system there was a limited amount of teachers that were trained in Braille and the teaching of the literacy method ("What" 2008). Yet, in the United States there are approximately 93,600 visually impaired students in special education programs, with 10,800 of those students being both deaf and blind ("Statistical", 2008). Of these students only 5,500 use Braille as their primary literacy source ("Statistical", 2008).

From the Paper
Braille and the Visually Impaired: Impact on Learning and Decline of Use Braille was created by Louis Braille in 1829 and it is "comprised of a rectangular six-dot cell on its end, with up to 63 possible combinations using one or more of the six dots" ("What", 2008). Braille is significant in the lives of blind individuals because "it is the only...method of literacy for blind persons" (What", 2008). Therefore, it has been essential in changing the manner in which visually impaired students learn. However, the International Braille Research Center states that once blind students were integrated into the public schools system in the 1960s

Tags:braille, research, paper

From the Paper
"Helen Keller
Helen's Early Development
Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, a small town in Alabama (Keller, 1990, p. 1). When she was eighteen months old she was stricken with an illness that left her deaf and blind (Keller, 1990. P. 4). While the extent of Helen's disabilities was not immediately apparent, it was not long before her family became aware that she could no longer communicate as others could. Nonetheless, in the period before her teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to her, Helen's story demonstrates her will and determination to communicate and to make herself understood: "My hands felt every object and observed every motion, and in this way I learned to know many things" (Keller, 1990. P. 5).

Helen details in her.."

Abstract
This paper examines how the process of orientation actually entails designing a desired set of policies, principles or rules, drafted such that the entire program accommodates the individuals under consideration, grabs their attention, arouses their interests and compels them to perform the way they are required to, functioning to the best of their abilities under varied circumstances subject to constant change. It discusses how this applies to every walk of life be it manufacturing, selling, buying, pursuing a job or a career in an academic field and how it is not only schools, colleges and universities requiring effective orientation programs but also firms, organizations and various other workplaces where employee morale must remain high. It evaluates how to make students and employees orientation programs effective and in particular how to make orientation programs effective for deaf-blind children.

From the Paper
"With the growing need for and awareness regarding Orientation Programs that have proved fundamental to every facet of human life, educational institutions are making efforts to draft more effective orientation programs. Hence, the incorporation of such programs into the curriculum is increasing with every sketching moment, with number of academic institutions increasing in number and the universities and schools realizing their responsibility in regulating student behavior and in enhancing their sense of responsibility and discipline thereby making desperate attempts to reduce health related and other social problems that are alarmingly augmenting (Curtis, 1999)."

Tags:deaf-blind, morale, motivation, curriculum, schools, office, universities, policies

Abstract
This paper discusses Helen Keller's life story, outlining her tremendous faith and courage. The paper describes Helen as an inarticulate little deaf and blind girl who grew into a world renowned and beloved figure. Her slow, painful and successful battle to re-enter the world is examined. The paper illustrates how she changed the destiny of the blind and deaf forever. She is portrayed as one of the most powerful symbols of triumph over adversity.

From the Paper
"For the first few years after her illness, Helen became a very difficult child, throwing tantrums, and terrorizing her household. Relatives urged her parents to put her into an institution. Seeking out the advice of many experts, including Alexander Graham Bell (the inventor of the telephone), she was referred to Anne Sullivan, a woman who had lost the majority of her sight at age five, and became an orphan by age ten. Surgery improved her eyesight, and she agreed to accept Helen as a pupil. In fact, she and Helen moved into a small cottage in Tuscumbia, and after a month of trying to teach Helen through sign language, a "miracle" occurred. In a scene that is famous around the world, teacher and student were at a water pump, and as Anne pumped the water over Helen's hand, she spelled out the word water in the other hand." A bibliography is included with the paper rather than a resources listed page.

Tags:blind, deaf, anne, sullivan, sign, language, john, macy, biography

Abstract
This paper discusses the pros and cons of the DIBELS testing used by the Florida School for the Deaf and Blind.

From the Paper
"The DIBELS assessment will be administered to all kindergarten grade students within the first month of school. The DIBELS assessment or Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills assesses the big ideas of early literacy phonological awareness; alphabetic principle and fluency with connected text. It measures phonological awareness in terms of initial sounds fluency or a..."

Tags:Florida School for the Deaf and Blind, education, school, reading, testing, DIBELS