Abstract This paper examines the Public Choice Theory and deadweightloss as they apply to Indian economic history.
From the Paper "India's economic history has been a case study for economists of the Public Choice Theory school. The maxim held by all free market economists is that people are motivated mainly be their self-interests. Although people often do act based on their concern for other people the basic motive behind a person's actions is typically a concern for their own self. Public Choice theorists take this self interest and ascribe it to the people in power. Public Choice economists believe that people acting in the political marketplace are ..."
Tags: India, economic history, public choice theory, deadweightloss
Abstract This is a paper about vision loss strategies and interventions for students with visual loss in dealing with reading and writing.The paper looks at strategies aimed at both students with low vision and students with total vision loss.
Tags: vision loss strategies and interventions, students with visual loss, reading and writing
Abstract This paper discusses how hearing loss can affect someone in terms of communication and psychosocial functioning. It includes citations from literature discussing the effects of hearing loss as well as a summary of findings after interviewing a person with medically diagnosed hearing loss.
From the Paper "Hearing loss is one of the most common disabilities in the United States with recent statistics indicating that approximately ..."
Tags: hearing loss, interview, psychosocial, communication
Abstract A book review which explains the psychological, social and spiritual facets of hearing loss. It also offers a testimony of how each of the individuals referred to emerged triumphant, via the vehicles of therapeutic dialogue and self-help measures, thus vanquishing the interplay of social forces that perpetrate the invisibility and augment the physical and mental torment of the deaf.
Abstract This article looks at the importance and influence that exercise has on weight loss. The paper uses reputable scientific journals to document the relationship between exercise and sustained weight management. The writer discusses how regular physical activity can lower the risk for certain diseases. The writer examines the importance of exercise in achieving and maintaining weight loss.
From the Paper "The majority of people who lose weight with diet, gain the weight back. People often gain body fat back due to yo-yo dieting. Drastically reducing calories can slow one's metabolism and hinder the weight loss process. An article on dieting in the Mayo Clinic Health Letter explains that any change in metabolism can cause weight gain. Therefore it is best not to go on crash diets that may upset the metabolism. Regular physical activity is an essential part of effective weight loss."
Abstract This paper takes a look at nutrition and exercise, reporting that the US population currently faces numerous problems regarding health issues, weight loss and childhood obesity. The paper examines the problems in the way Americans eat and provides a brief historical background of food consumption in the United States. The paper also addresses various sub-topics of health and weight loss, including exercise, diets, diet pills, nutrition and food, surgical options and attributable health issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Brief Overview of the American Diet
The American Diet Shift
Dieting
The Atkins Diet
The South Beach Diet
Diet Pills
Prescription Diet Pills
Over-the-counter Diet Pills
Nutrition and Food
Exercise
Surgical Options
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Gastric Band (Lap Band) Surgery
Gastroplasty (Stomach Stapling)
Health Issues Related to being Overweight
Hypertension and High Blood Pressure
Heart Disease
Cancer
Conclusion
From the Paper "Health experts recommend that individuals should get at least 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity on all or most days of the week. Examples of moderate activity include brisk walking, cycling, swimming or doing home repairs or yard work. The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports (2006), recommends a little work toward permanently changing your lifestyle to incorporate more activity. Some of their suggestions are to: take the stairs instead of the elevator, park at the far end of a parking lot and walk to the office or store, get off public transportation a few blocks before your stop, get up from your desk during the day to stretch and walk around, take a brisk walk when you get the urge to snack, increase your pace when working in the house or yard, mow your own lawn and rake your own leaves, and carry your own groceries. It is also recommended that for persons with cardiovascular disease, an appointment with a physician should be made before undertaking more vigorous activity. "
Abstract This paper discusses in detail the stress of dealing with the loss of a spouse. The various stages of the grieving process are explained and analyzed, and the latest professional observations regarding the effects of stress on widows and widowers are included as well.
Abstract This paper explains the differences between disease and injury as the cause of hearing loss. The author points out the OSHA guidelines on hearing conservation, the problem of occupational noise in the railroad industry and the Federal Railroad Administration occupational noise standard. The paper relates in detail the FRA historic treatment of occupational noise including the first study of noise in locomotive cabs, the FRA report to Congress and the studies that followed in response to this report.
From the Paper "Hearing is perhaps one, of the five senses, that is often take for granted. The alarm going off in the morning, the children playing outside, even the rain pattering on the window are all sounds that become so commonplace that it's easy to ignore how wonderful hearing truly is. However, when hearing loss occurs it then becomes painfully clear just how important this sense is and how it is so important to one's quality of life. This report will discuss the topic of hearing loss in the workplace, specifically that of the locomotive engineer. It will begin with a discussion of the differences between disease and injury. Next will be an overview of OSHA's guidelines on hearing conservation as well as a discussion of occupational noise in the railroad industry and the Federal Railroad Administration's occupational noise standard."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the possible causes of age-related vision loss. The writer looks into the matter of possible treatment for such kind of vision loss. Further the writer examines how vision loss may affect the person, physically, emotionally, intellectually and/or psychologically. The writer concludes that the effect of age-related vision loss is highly dependent on how the person accepts the severity of his or her case. For those who can accept it positively, they will then subject themselves for various treatments thereby minimizing the negative impact of vision loss. However, the writer points out that for those who may find it very hard to accept the fact that they are actually having difficulty to see things clearly, they would have the tendency not to seek any help or treatment from the registered medical professionals. This in turn would heighten the negative impact of their vision loss. This paper includes diagrams of statistics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Vision Loss Impacts of Age-related Vision Loss Works Cited
From the Paper "Vision impairment is defined as the vision that is 20/40 or worse in the better eye even with glasses. In America, more or less 6.5 million people who have reached the age of 55 are suffering from blindness or severe vision loss. Further, it was also found out that one in every six people who reached the age of 65 and one in every three who reached 85 and above years old are having problems with some degree of vision loss. These numbers are continuously rising as the years go by. Indeed, age-related eye diseases are found to be the most common cause of blindness and vision impairment."
Abstract This paper explains that there were over 10,000 weight-loss centers in the U.S., which have a wide range of prices, approaches to weight loss and reliability; and Americans annually spend approximately $6 billion on diet books, gimmicks and other products on weight loss . The author points out that, before spending any money on weight loss programs, it is necessary to learn more about nutrition, in general, and the program, specifically, so that it will be much easier to know which weight loss program is best to follow and what results can actually be expected. The paper stresses that diet and exercise still remain important factors in losing weight, even considering genetic tendencies.
Outline:
Introduction: Thesis-- General Overview
Obesity: Fact or Fiction; Genetic and Virus
U.S. Obsession with Overweight/Obesity
Weight Loss Methods (Chart) and Review of Each
Conclusion
From the Paper "Diet gimmicks are just that, gimmicks. Options such as thigh cremes, massages, diet patches, stimulators and wraps do not work. Similarly, few people lose weight through hypnosis, which promises a safe and easy way to lose weight. However, the sessions are frequently led by people with no proper credentials. They should be trained as professional psychologists. Too often, concern about dieting leads to other physical ailments and problems such as anorexia and bulimia, especially in teens and young adults."
Abstract This paper explains that bilinguals are not inferior to monolinguals in any way; however, there still exist various stereotypes against bilinguals, which range from the claim by professions, such as speech therapists and medical doctors, that hearing two or more languages in childhood causes language disorder and language delay to the idea that bilinguals are slow learners and are losers in life. The paper reports that in order to fit themselves into school and society, some young bilinguals begin to learn English and, as soon as they have learned barely enough to get by, use their home languages less and less until they gradually lose it totally: This phenomenon is first language loss. The author stresses that first language loss is not a "necessary or inevitable outcome" when children acquire a second language.
Table of Content
Introduction
Bilingualism
Types of Bilingualism
Studies on Bilingualism
First Language Loss Process of First Language Loss Consequences of First Language Loss Fostering a Positive Linguistic Environment
Conclusion
From the Paper "From these accounts, it is apparent that two major consequences of first language loss lie on family relationship and the crises of self-image and cultural identity. As far as family relationship is concerned, there is a lot of "shame, anger, frustration, and embarrassment attached to the loss of a first language". To the individuals, a negative self-image was common, resulting either from coming from non-English speaking families or being an outsider of their own ethnic group. At the same time, these people are usually haunted by the uncertainty of their own identity, because they are unable to identify themselves with either their home language culture or the dominant English culture. Besides, along the process of growing up into monolinguals in English, they were all neglected, isolated, and despised in one way or another. Life has been a constant struggle to them simply because they happen to have been born into non-English speaking families."
Abstract This paper discusses the issue of hearing loss and provides suggestions regarding what can be done to help improve upon the ability of enforcing hearing protection standards in order to reduce hearing loss among soldiers. The paper claims that the military has been contending with this issue throughout its history, and the current war in Iraq will only intensify the situation regarding soldiers suffering from hearing loss or tinnitus. The paper assesses that the United States Army is in a position where it could reevaluate the entire toxic noise issue and other causes of hearing loss and establish viable preventative methods.
Outline
Introduction
Hearing Loss Historical Situation
Current Situation
Off Duty
Illness Related
Noise Related
New Technology
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper "The upper echelon of ranking officials must be privy to the overall cost associated with hearing loss and lost communication as well as the other safety risk factors soldiers face once they have lost their ability to consciously hear. ?Noise-induced hearing loss is a significant unmet socioeconomic problem in industrial societies. It is estimated that 30 million individuals are exposed to injurious levels of noise each day, contributing significantly to the overall cost of hearing loss in the nation of $56B per year. In addition to loud noise of various types, many pathological conditions affecting the inner ear, such as traumatic injury, toxins, aging, infection, and some genetic conditions may be associated with the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress.? (PR Newswire, 2003)"
Abstract The writer explores what previous studies have indicated about hearing loss and outlines the method that will be used for the purpose of this study. This proposal examines the hearing loss population of the United States and determines why people fail to report or seek treatment for their hearing loss. The paper explains that by understanding this phenomena, steps can be taken to educate the public on the importance of early recognition and treatment of adult hearing loss. The paper researches how many of those who are experiencing hearing loss have failed to seek medical attention or report it and why they failed to do so.
Outline:
Introduction
Hypothesis
Plan of Implementation
Literature Review
Methodology
Summary
From the Paper "For many years it has been an accepted fact that hearing is a natural part of aging however recent history has shown society that industrialized nations have more widespread incidences of hearing loss than the less industrialized nations have. This has been attributed to the non-natural causes of hearing loss that occurs within industrialized nations. Hearing loss caused by noise and other environmental factors creates a hotbed of hearing loss in an otherwise healthy population in these countries yet it has also been found that the hearing loss often goes untreated for many years(Scherer, 1998)."
Abstract This paper discusses Wal-Mart's use of loss-leader pricing strategies in their toy retailing operations and how it is detrimental to the long-term viability of the toy industry and ironically, to Wal-Mart itself. According to the paper, this loss-leader approach to pricing toys below their cost to drive up traffic in Wal-Mart's retail stores, is flattening the elasticity curve of newly-introduced toys and causing manufacturers to second-source and often move their manufacturing off-shore, where quality and safety standards are not nearly as rigorous as in the United States.
Outline:
Introduction
Wal-Mart's Pricing Yardsticks: Setting Loss Leaders In Motion
Evaluating Pricing Strategies in the Context of Marketing Strategies
Conclusion
Appendix:Wal-Mart's Supply Chain Efficiencies Pay For Losses on Loss-Leader
From the Paper "For any business model or even the strategies that support them to survive, there has to be more of a balance between the 4 Ps of marketing which include promotion, place or distribution, and product in addition to price. In fact price is the most volatile and over-used of differentiators in many companies and entire industries, as Wal-Mart exemplifies in their loss-leader pricing strategies.
This has been exacerbated by toy manufacturers moving their manufacturing and production off-shore as a direct result of the loss-leader pricing strategies of Wal-Mart. These manufacturers are looking for the 40 - 70% reduction in costs to justify moving their services spending, manufacturing operations, or both offshore, which has been promised to them by companies who specialize in offshore manufacturing in the toy business. "
Abstract This paper explains the multiple problems of preventing hearing loss in the army: (1) while the command structure demands the use of hearing protective equipment, the exigencies of military maneuvers might make it difficult for soldiers to comply readily and still carry out their major missions; (2) the loss of army audiologists; and (3) military equipment is even noisier, so that the need for protection is greater than ever before. The author states that, in order to determine what strategies the U.S. Army can take to improve HPD use and concomitantly decrease hearing loss, current instructions and sanctions regarding that issue need to be determined. The paper relates that the research methodology will examine, in one command only, the protocols for issuing HPDs and for ensuring their use, the sanctions imposed for noncompliance, and their auditory history as compared to the Army in general.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Statement of the Problem
Cost of Hearing Loss Literature Review and Research Questions
Behavioral Issues
Technical Investigations
Methodology
Appendix A: New Generation Earcups and ANR
Appendix B: Tables of Hearing-Related Issues, U.S. Armed Forces
From the Paper "If it were not true that the armed forces experiences many departures from perfect adherence to use of protective equipment, then the vast numbers of military audiologists deployed to increase the armed forces? capability for monitoring audiometry would not have been needed. For a long time, "the Army had more than three times as many military audiologists than the Navy and twice as many as the Air Force. In addition, the Army has had a mainframe database of audiometric records for the last 16 years".?. However, Ohlin noted that there had been a loss of more than 50 Army military audiologists in the decade before he wrote his report, effectively removing ?the message bearer for hearing conservation and the functional linchpin that in large programs is required to coordinate the implementation of all hearing conservation program elements.? "
