An analysis of police training on deadlyforce in America, including an outline of the current training structure and methodology and a discussion of how to develop a more effective program.
Abstract This paper asserts that police training on deadlyforce is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This paper discusses the necessary components of police training on deadlyforce, how it can benefit society, and whether police training is an organizational or social issue. The paper also presents a comprehensive model of police training on deadlyforce based on the best practices presented by the literature. It is clear that there are many issues surrounding training for the police force in relation to deadlyforce; however this paper shows that it is a necessary facet of the overall humanitarian and peace-keeping initiative and should not be viewed as an extra process aimed at increasing bureaucracy. Lastly, this paper highlights the major elements of the training program that are necessary, while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the political, social, and economic environment that either pose an opportunity or threat to the proposed training initiative on deadlyforce.
Outline:
Introduction
Major Elements of Police Training
Principles of an Effective Training Strategy
Internal And External Factors That Affect Police Training On DeadlyForce - A Critical Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Police Training On DeadlyForce: Terrorism, Crime Fighting, And Violence
State Sponsored Terrorism: Players and Operations
Literature Structure
Methodology
From the Paper "State sponsored terrorism is two-tiered, many developed countries like the United States and United Kingdom, practice it for strategic reasons, that is, there is no religious affiliation, nor is there a general notion, that there is a need to have war in with certain states. However, there is a clear economic need, which then transfers into a need to have political allegiance with these states; hence without being physically present it is necessary to have alliances with groups that can promote the interests of the United States. Is this wrong? Should it even be called terrorism, or is it just a company take-over, where the country in question is the state? For example in the 1980's the United States was convicted of unlawful force due to their support of terrorist force in Nicaragua, this was a clear cut case of state sponsored terrorism, and highlights the dynamics of how intricate it can be."
Tags: united states, security organization initiatives peace-keeping programs
This paper examines the use of deadlyforce by law enforcement agents and concludes that law enforcement's recourse to deadlyforce where necessary should not be significantly reduced.
Abstract This paper evaluates both sides of the issue about the use of deadlyforce by law enforcement agents by using a formal logic format of two premises and a conclusion. This paper states that suing every cop who uses deadlyforce or disarming law enforcement altogether is not the answer to problems that attend the use of deadlyforce. The author concludes that there is compelling evidence that law enforcement organizations have been conscientious in recent years about developing an ethos of public protection and service and firearm safety. Annotated Bibliography.
From the Paper "Such attitudes and trends help explain why police personnel are increasingly at risk. Police are put in the position of continually second-guessing themselves in the matter of use of deadly force. This means that law-enforcement effectiveness can suffer, which can further erode public safety and make respect for the law an irrelevant social proposition."
This paper deals with the use of deadlyforce in the workplace highlighting the most extreme forms of violence as a result. It focuses largely on security agents.
Abstract This essay describes the different forms of possible violence which may be encountered while on the job, including homicide. It lists the current statistics for workplace violence and outlines which lines of work are most prone. The paper also deals with the use of deadlyforce as work policy and explains the meaning behind justifiable homicide.
From the Paper "Media reports have caused a common public misconception about violence in the workplace. Because of media habits of reporting work place violence caused by a fellow employee or coworker, most believe those incidents are the biggest problems facing professional forces in providing security in the workplace. Workplace violence has materialized as a significant safety and health issue in today's workplace environment."
Abstract The paper explores the view that extreme force by police has become necessary in many cases and is therefore justified in the light of a changing threat to public safety and security. On the other hand, the paper also discusses the opinion that lethal force can also be abused and can therefore transgress human rights and ethical boundaries that are acceptable to society. The paper provides an extensive literature review on lethal force and its justification and comes to the conclusion that while laws, policies, and codes of ethical behavior are important in maintaining a balance use of force in a society, these cannot cover or deal with every situation. The paper also notes that unless the use of lethal force is justified and unless this justification is seen to be ethically viable and acceptable to the society and to human rights organizations, society will not function in a balanced and democratic manner.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction and general overview of the issues
Rationale and central thesis
Understanding the problematics of legal and moral justification
Definitions of lethal or deadlyforce Circumstances and the justification of extreme force Ethical justification and the human rights
Conclusion: summation and analysis
From the Paper "The issue of moral and ethical justification for the use of deadly force by the police has created a wide-ranging and intense debate over many disciplines. The central problematic in this debate lies in an ambiguity that has ethical and moral dimensions. In term of the contract that exists between the state, police force and society, the police are the guardians of moral and ethical standards pertaining to peace and order in the society. When lethal force is used in the carrying out of police duty, this brings this contract into contention. This in turn posits an ethical dilemma. In using such deadly force, the police are often perceived as transgressing certain moral and ethical parameters. The justification for these actions therefore becomes a crucial factor in the maintenance of the positive relationship between the police and society."
Tags: human, rights, crimes, shooting, society, terrorism, De, Menezes
Abstract This paper examines the use of deadlyforce and how it applies to law enforcement. The paper discusses how the use of a force continuum is a topic that has come under fire in recent years as people being chased pass away or people being shot turn out not to have guns. The paper also explores the importance of a use of a force continuum while at the same time explains that force is sometimes necessary for the safety of the suspect, the public and the officers.
Outline:
Introduction
History
What a Continuum is
Problems
Legal Issues
How Force Continuum Works
Conclusion
From the Paper "Use of force continuums didn't exist prior to the 1960's. At that time law enforcement agencies across the nation used varying degrees of force in any given situation and the officers had to decide in the field what to do in an escalating situation.
While it was an accepted practice at the time it began to bring negative publicity to law enforcement agencies across the nation as problems began to crop up. Whether officers used to much force and the result was the death of someone who did not have to die, or they did not use enough force and the result was harm to the public, it seemed that they were under the gun in many debates when it came to the use of force(Petrowski, 2002).
It was a problem for all agencies but a particular problem for law enforcement agencies that had officers in the field. "
Abstract This paper presents a thorough analysis of how police training on deadlyforce affects the incidences and use of deadlyforce. The paper asserts that the literature clearly demonstrates that the current police system does have serious problems with police use of deadlyforce but research also suggests that the right training mechanism for use of deadlyforce can lead to better outcomes for society. The paper then presents a comprehensive analysis of how police training on deadlyforce affect the incidences and use of deadlyforce. The paper also identifies the internal and external factors that affect the effectiveness of police training on deadlyforce.
Outline:
Principles of an effective training strategy
literature structure
methodology
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper "There is the common misconception that any training program aimed at conflict resolution and negotiation is simple about combating terrorism or social disorder. As can be clearly seen from the eight principles outlined, the training program for the police on deadly force has to surpass combating terrorism and social disorder, but has to have an overarching aim of promoting full-fledged peace initiatives and combating all aspects of any activity that poses a threat to society's safety."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that police training on deadlyforce is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This paper highlights the major elements of the police training program that are necessary, while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the political, social, and economic environment that either pose an opportunity or threat to the proposed training initiative on deadlyforce. This paper gives a through outline of the important aspects of how a training process for deadlyforce should be developed. The analysis also integrates aspects or theories related to formal criminological training methodologies or functions that are integrated with other efficiency parameters related to social justice, social norms and behaviors, as well as other aspects of conflict resolution within the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Major Elements of Police Training Paper
Section 1: Principles of an Effective Training Strategy
Table 1: Training Modules & Leadership
Literature Structure
From the Paper "McElvian provides a through analysis of how police shootings affect citizens' behavior and uses this framework to show how police training on deadly force will have an effect on the outcome. Similar articles that model societal change and behaviors with interlinkages with police training on deadly force include the articles by Remsberg, Lewinski and Hudson, and Weeg. These papers are presented below and even show how training on deadly force affects efficiency and improves the effectiveness of police departments. Many of the articles above also show provide universal characteristics on how police training on deadly force can be considered effective and efficient. The table below highlights the articles that will be utilized for the paper."
Looking at a definition, examples and causes of police deadlyforce. Examines the racial factors, police procedures and court decisions. Looks at role of U.S. Justice Department policy.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 27 sources, 1999, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Police Use of Deadly Force
Introduction
This paper will discuss the use of deadly force by police. The first part of the paper will define deadly force and illustrate its use with examples. These examples are actual situations which resulted in litigation. The second part of the paper will discuss some of the studies which have been conducted on the use of deadly force. This section will look at the factors which lead to the use of deadly force and the racial discrepancies concerning its use. The third part of the paper will examine the legal aspects concerning the use of deadly force. This section will delve into the Supreme Court decisions in this area and the decisions of the lower federal courts on the subject. The last part of the paper will briefly discuss the recent policies adopt.."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that in the United States, laws get enforced by police agencies from cities, states, and the federal government. To be able to enforce laws and make arrests, police officers have the authority to use force. The writer notes that in some situations, they can use deadlyforce. However, there are strict rules for applying force in policing. The writer discusses that the type of force used must be right for the right circumstances. Using the wrong kind of force or too much force can make the city or state responsible for damage to the arrested person, even when he is guilty and needed to be arrested. It can also make the police agency and the officer personally responsible. The writer concludes that police officers are allowed to use force, but they must use the right type of force for every situation.
Outline:
Introduction
The Use of Force Continuum
Conclusion
From the Paper "Many times, other methods are supposed to be used first on the UOFC before strong hands on methods. Police officers on patrol usually have a spray such as pepper spray or mace and they can use these sprays instead of going from verbal commands or light hands on to strong hands on. This level on the UOFC is good for officers if there are more people than officers and also where the person is much bigger or stronger than the officer. Before officers are allowed to use spray methods, they have to take a course for spray certification and part of the course is getting sprayed so they will know how people react to it and how much is too much spray."
Abstract This paper examines how the use of force by police officers is a serious issue both for the police and for the community they serve and protect. It looks at how the Constitution's Fourth Amendment protects us from excessive force during an arrest, but since our police officers often have to deal with suspects willing to go to great lengths, including using deadlyforce, to evade arrest, it is inevitable that police will have to use force. It analyzes how it may be considered a balancing act: police are entitled to handcuff suspects to maintain control even if the person is later cleared. It looks at how the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1989 that use of force is central to law enforcement.
From the Paper "The police have to walk a fine line, particularly in communities where excessive force or even police brutality have been an issue in the past. Particularly in sensitive communities, the perception of excessive force can be enough to trigger public outcries and demonstrations even when it is ultimately shown that the police officers acted with restraint given the circumstances they faced at the time. The Department of Justice has prepared a booklet for use by community police departments titled Police Use of Excessive Force: A conciliation Handbook for the Police and the Community. They make the point that communities must believe that justice will prevail if they are to have confidence in their police force (DOJ, 2002)."
Discusses the feelings of the people of Mexico regarding tourism during the holiday, Day of the Dead, based on Lucero Morales Cano and Avis Mysyk's article "Cultural tourism, the State, and the Day of the Dead".
Abstract The paper is a review of an article entitled "Cultural tourism, the State, and the Day of the Dead", which the writer find particularly relevant to him because of his plans to observe Day of the Dead celebrations during an upcoming visit to Mexico. The paper then relates the emotions of the writer prior to an intended visit to Mexico during the "Day of the Dead " celebrations, noting that there is a conflict between the authorities who welcome tourism on this holiday and the civilians who see tourism as intrusion into a sacred historical ritual and oppose it being promoted as a tourist attraction. The paper also explains that the community is divided on the subject, as many recognize the economic importance of tourism.
From the Paper "These dynamics are evident in Mexico, particularly concerning how to mediate the conflict between the state and local residents over the tourist attraction that Day of the Dead festivities have become because of globalization. Cano and Mysyk have studied the problems which have arisen in the village of Huaquechula since 1988, when the one road leading into the village was paved for the benefit of tourists and the village became a part of the tourism circuit. In the process of studying the impact of these developments, Mysyk surveyed the villagers regarding their appreciation of the presence of tourists, their behavior, their feelings about tourists photographing or videotaping altars, and related issues."
Abstract This essay will explore this textual construction, wherein the sequence of numerous, incongruent events leads to initiation, and will argue that epiphany concludes the collection by use of meta-textual and self-conscious imagery and arrangement in the final story "The Dead".
Abstract This paper presents a critical analysis of the Movie Dead Man Walking, and presents the fact that the director was focusing on a humane argument against capital punishment by presenting it as a human story.
Abstract A critical analysis of "The Dead" by James Joyce which presents the thesis that time creates a dimension that separates the moral from the materialistic---represented in the characters.
Abstract A review of "A Deadly Indifference" by Marshall Jevons. With the use of the fictitious character, Spearman, a sequence of economic policies is used to explain the clues to a murder that leads to multiple murders. The review analyzes the character and the policies that constitute the structure of the book.
