Abstract
The paper contends that police training on deadly force is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. The paper addresses the necessary components of police training on deadly force, how it can benefit society and whether it is an organizational or social issue. The paper is explanatory but also presents a comprehensive model of police training on deadly force based on the best practices presented by the literature.

From the Paper
"Police training on deadly force is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This is a rather `strong' and profound statement, but is needed in order to present the major facets of this paper. What are the necessary components of police training on deadly force? How can it benefit society? Is it an organizational or social issue? The major segments of this paper will focus on the points above. It will be explanatory but will also present a comprehensive model of police training on deadly force based on the best practices presented by the literature. It is clear that there are..."

Tags:police, training, deadly force

Abstract
An analysis of deadly force in American policing including policies in different jurisdictions and departments. The paper includes an analysis of statistics and comparisons of deadly force incidents among departments with varying numbers of officers, serving in various sizes of cities -- Washington D.C., New York City.

From the Paper
"At the same time as we delegate the use of force to police officers, we expect those officers to use that force judiciously. In the guidelines for every police department there is language that states that each and every citizen's life has value. Society does not take lightly police officers' use of excessive or unnecessary force. If, in an instant heat of the moment, an officer makes the fatal decision to intentionally use deadly force, to shoot to kill, he must later justify his action. A killing by an officer, lacking jury or judge, will later be minutely scrutinized from all angles. An internal affairs investigation begins immediately after a fatal shooting. If there is public outcry that the use of deadly force was not justified, the officer will be demonized as "trigger happy". If the public and the media support the officer's action, he will be pronounced a hero. (DOJ 2002)
"Surprisingly, the technical legal definition of what constitutes deadly force varies from one police department to another. In some jurisdictions, there must be officer intent for a killing to be considered deadly force. The officer must have aimed his weapon, fired, and killed; or intentionally run over someone with his vehicle and killed; for the killing to be considered deadly force. Other jurisdictions include in their definition of deadly force, force which results in death, whether the death was intentional or not. The use of chokeholds, for example, have been banned in many jurisdictions, because of the number of deaths they cause. Likewise, the use of pepper spray, while an offender is in restraints, has caused a number of deaths, and also has been banned by many departments. The list goes on. People have died after being shot by police Tasers. The Taser, generally considered a non-lethal weapon, can in fact be lethal if used on certain people. People with drugs in their systems or those that suffer from certain medical conditions have died from being shot by the "non-lethal Taser". An officer has no way of knowing what an individual may have ingested, or an individual's medical condition before he shoots."

Tags:policing statistics, deadly force, lethal force

Abstract
A review of "A Deadly Indifference" by Marshall Jevons. With the use of the fictitious character, Spearman, a sequence of economic policies is used to explain the clues to a murder that leads to multiple murders. The review analyzes the character and the policies that constitute the structure of the book.

Tags:a, deadly, indifference

Abstract
This paper asserts that police training on deadly force is a necessary prerequisite for social order and to maintain the efficiency and integrity of the security forces. This paper discusses the necessary components of police training on deadly force, how it can benefit society, and whether police training is an organizational or social issue. The paper also presents a comprehensive model of police training on deadly force based on the best practices presented by the literature. It is clear that there are many issues surrounding training for the police force in relation to deadly force; however this paper shows that it is a necessary facet of the overall humanitarian and peace-keeping initiative and should not be viewed as an extra process aimed at increasing bureaucracy. Lastly, this paper highlights the major elements of the training program that are necessary, while simultaneously highlighting aspects of the political, social, and economic environment that either pose an opportunity or threat to the proposed training initiative on deadly force.

Outline:
Introduction
Major Elements of Police Training
Principles of an Effective Training Strategy
Internal And External Factors That Affect Police Training On Deadly Force - A Critical Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Police Training On Deadly Force: Terrorism, Crime Fighting, And Violence
State Sponsored Terrorism: Players and Operations
Literature Structure
Methodology

From the Paper
"State sponsored terrorism is two-tiered, many developed countries like the United States and United Kingdom, practice it for strategic reasons, that is, there is no religious affiliation, nor is there a general notion, that there is a need to have war in with certain states. However, there is a clear economic need, which then transfers into a need to have political allegiance with these states; hence without being physically present it is necessary to have alliances with groups that can promote the interests of the United States. Is this wrong? Should it even be called terrorism, or is it just a company take-over, where the country in question is the state? For example in the 1980's the United States was convicted of unlawful force due to their support of terrorist force in Nicaragua, this was a clear cut case of state sponsored terrorism, and highlights the dynamics of how intricate it can be."

Tags:united states, security organization initiatives peace-keeping programs

Abstract
This paper evaluates both sides of the issue about the use of deadly force by law enforcement agents by using a formal logic format of two premises and a conclusion. This paper states that suing every cop who uses deadly force or disarming law enforcement altogether is not the answer to problems that attend the use of deadly force. The author concludes that there is compelling evidence that law enforcement organizations have been conscientious in recent years about developing an ethos of public protection and service and firearm safety. Annotated Bibliography.

From the Paper
"Such attitudes and trends help explain why police personnel are increasingly at risk. Police are put in the position of continually second-guessing themselves in the matter of use of deadly force. This means that law-enforcement effectiveness can suffer, which can further erode public safety and make respect for the law an irrelevant social proposition."

Tags:protection, sue, logic, bias, violence

Abstract
This essay examines the significance and portrayal of the seven deadly sins in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, with an emphasis to the use of the concept of these sins in the Purgatorio, the second of the canticles of the epic. It shows how Dante used these sins as a basis for discussing the purging of sins from the souls of the penitent. It notes also that the seven deadly sins are actually not biblically based, and that the concept was not fixed in Dante's time.

From the Paper
"In 'The Divine Comedy', particularly in The Purgatorio, Dante Alighieri uses the concept of the seven deadly or cardinal sins as a device for differentiating among the various souls and showing the divine order of the universe. As the title of this canticle suggests, the Purgatorio tells of Dante's passage through Purgatory. Purgatory is the place of purgation, where souls are cleansed of sins in preparation for entry into a life of eternal blessedness. In Dante's conception, Purgatory consists of an ..."

Tags:dante, purgatory, sins

Abstract
This paper begins by briefly tracing the history of alcohol and alcohol consumption and then looks at its transformation from a mildly annoying social phenomenon to a potentially hazardous and deadly phenomenon when combined with the automobile. The paper looks at the effects significant alcohol consumption can have on a driver's performance, the warning signs of drunk drivers, who is most likely to drive while drunk, and who is most likely to die as the result of a drunk driver.

From the Paper
"Alcohol is a legal drug, one of society's oldest and most popular behavioral modifiers. (NEFA) While teetotalers and social reformers of the last 200 years have done much to alienate people from alcohol and to cast it as a terrible social ill, they have often only succeeded in bastardizing its consumption without really making a dent in its wide acceptance. Alcohol and humankind have a long history together that is hardly going to be erased by a few laws, or a handful of sermons. Alcohol is found in the most primitive and the most advanced of cultures known to man. According to most ancient mythologies, it was a gift from the divine. Egyptian mythology says that Isis and Osiris taught the people how to make beer. Greek mythology speaks of the great gods of intoxication, such as Dionysus and Pan. In many cultures it has served as a way of purifying water, a natural painkiller and anesthetic, and a socially bonding experience for celebration. In our modern culture, however, it has taken on a far darker role."

Tags:crash, safe, driver, judgement, vision, reaction, drinker, intoxication, impairment, mothers, against, drunk, drivers

Abstract
This paper explains that Deborah Prothrow-Stith and Michaele Weissman's in "Deadly Consequences" find that most teenage violence derives from feelings of anger and aggression, which can end in violent death. The paper emphasizes the role of guns, gangs and adolescence itself. The author underscores the books proposal that a public health model similar to the one used to stop smoking be used to better control teenage violence.

From the Paper
"Adolescence is itself a difficult period in the life of a person, and it is filled with many threats and dangers which are only exacerbated in a violent society or social setting. The authors believe that there were numerous releases operating in the past that reduced the amount of anger felt by young people, and, of course, society itself was not so stressful or violent. The authors refer to one young man who found release in sports, though the authors ignore the more general effect sports in America may have on increasing aggression and so increasing violence. The authors note that the dangers in society are even greater for young black males, who consequently are a near-endangered species. The growth in the drug trade has to be cited as a major reason for much of the violence, both because the use of drugs reduces certain inhibitions and increases the possibility of violence and because those in the drug trade are ruthless in pursuing their business."

Tags:gun, gangs, media, parents, society

Abstract
This essay describes the different forms of possible violence which may be encountered while on the job, including homicide. It lists the current statistics for workplace violence and outlines which lines of work are most prone. The paper also deals with the use of deadly force as work policy and explains the meaning behind justifiable homicide.

From the Paper
"Media reports have caused a common public misconception about violence in the workplace. Because of media habits of reporting work place violence caused by a fellow employee or coworker, most believe those incidents are the biggest problems facing professional forces in providing security in the workplace. Workplace violence has materialized as a significant safety and health issue in today's workplace environment."

Tags:violence, policy, homicide, robbery, justifiable, occupation

Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the representations of the deadly sins of pride, envy and gluttony made by Edmund Spenser in his poem "The Faerie Queene" and Christopher Marlowe in his play "Dr. Faustus". The paper examines how these sins are reflected through the actions of the protagonists in the texts.

From the Paper
"The very different portrayals of the Seven Deadly Sins in Marlowe's Dr. Faustus and Edmund Spenser's Faerie Queene arises from the moral concerns of each of the two text in which they are presented. Marlowe, wishing to emphasize how people tend to view sin lightly and fail to realize its consequence, shows how Lucifer deliberately makes the Sins seem attractive and entertaining in order to mislead people. Spenser's concern lies with the way in which sin lures people by tempting them with the seeming reward of material gain. He fulfills these expectations in his personification of the Sins, showing them surrounded by ostentatious riches, but in such a way as to deride the shallowness and emptiness of ill-gotten wealth."

Tags:Lucifer, Queen, Mary, Elizabethan, England, Red, Cross, Knight