Abstract
This paper stresses how 80 percent of Canada's federal timeservers are addicts, are ineffectively treated and are often continuing drug abuse through incarceration. The paper also discusses the delays in producing comprehensive programmes. This paper tackles the problem of ongoing ineffective approaches in Canada, and addresses the need to look abroad.

From the Paper
"Canadian research seldom looks to India, a country whose constitutions, legal system and institutions are fundamentally similar, all matters of penology or criminology impeded by a general lack of financing. This paper refers to a programme of meditation introduced in Indian prisons enabling persons to overcome addiction and problems of mental health while gaining a new orientation of themselves and their situations. The approach incorporates what is known as anger management in the West and does promote overall rehabilitation of the individual. Vipassana refers to..."

Tags:vipassana th, tihar jail, research

Abstract
This paper discusses a program of meditation introduced in Indian prisons, Vipassana, that enables inmates to overcome addiction and problems of mental health while gaining a new orientation of themselves and their situations. The paper examines the Vipassana experiment in New Delhi's Tihar Jail and discusses the benefits of implementing this program into Canadian prisons.

Outline:
Introduction
Addictions and Canadian Offenders
Recognizing Addiction in India
What is Vipassana?
Closing Gaps in Practice and Planning
Concluding Discussion

From the Paper
"Terry explained that Canadian recidivism often revolves around an offender's ability to cope with addiction, the ex-offender a person having overcome addiction, and the repeat offender a person not having achieved this. (2002) Canadian officials and institutions need to look further afield for programming, bearing in mind how Third World settings are keenly hampered by fiscal concerns. In short, a program affordable and effective in India is apt to prove effective given the extra supports available in the West. Moreover, what has been offered to Canadian federal offenders has not always served addicted offenders well -- the addict is frequently the 'repeat offender' with whom Federal prisons often deal."

Tags:substance, abuse, de-addiction, repeat, offenders, Tihar, jail

Abstract
This paper discusses a study on crack cocaine addiction in five Canadian cities and the use of the harm reduction model with regard to situational factors. The paper presents a comparison with pro-active de-addiction interventions in other countries and considers the view that crack addiction is a 'hopeless' problem despite a growing success rate in treatment knowledge. The paper also discusses the role of better attitudes and approaches based on less disparaging views of the addict.

From the Paper
"A study of crack cocaine in five Canadian cities imparted a sense of its relative permanence. (Fischer et al: 2005) As in the United States and Britain, Canadian crack cocaine addiction is linked directly to crime beyond the prostitution in which addicts commonly engage, and serious mental illness led by the personality disorders found in 24% of crack addicts. (Fischer et al: 2005: 260) `Crackheads' present paranoid psychosis, depression and anxiety hard that can be difficult to distinguish from simple addictions. Doctors must discern if a person's main problem is addiction or mental illness, in thousands of vagrant persons who are psychotics-turned-addicts or addicts developing psychoses."

Tags:crackcocaine, canada, intervention

From the Paper
"In the film Carlito's Way, the person needing treatment services was Dave Kleinfeld, Carlito's lawyer. No history is given of Kleinfeld's drug dependency. The first time we see him taking drugs is in his office, after his meeting with the Mobster Convict. The fact that Kleinfeld is taking drugs in his office indicates that he is unable to resist using cocaine whenever it is available. Kleinfeld is snorting lines of coke from off his desk. His secretary interrupts Kleinfeld with a phone call, but she could have just as easily walked in on him.

Typical of persons with cocaine addiction, Kleinfeld has resorted to illicit activities to support his habit. Kleinfeld steals $1 million that the Mobster Convict had intended for his son. Consequently, Kleinfeld finds himself in a life-threatening situation. His reaction to this is to increase his cocaine..."

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the book 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater', Thomas De Quincey explores the symptoms of what he describes as dreams through the use of opium, but in actuality they are the symptoms of his illness and addiction. The writer maintains that by claiming that he is writing a hideous account of his life story in disarray, De Quincey creates a narrative about his disorder and the will to be motivated to seek recovery. In this way, De Quincey provides a framework to explain and integrate these opium experiences so that through the process of his writing, he can reconstruct himself. The writer concludes that even if in some way De Quincey is justifying his addiction and attempting to explain the origins of visions, his nightmarish descriptions offer the reader the peculiar damaging and blissful landscape that is experienced when opium is used.

From the Paper
" Yet De Quincey describes how the opium both stimulates him, if only temporarily, and then, gives him a false sense of rationality. But the false sense of rationality only offers him the quest of searching out the prostitute Ann because she gave him food, and in her kindness, he might find the answer on how to understand the workings of London. These descriptions offer the reader De Quincey explanation that the opium both stimulates rational thought, and at the same time, removes him from reality. Because the narrative is in retrospect, the reader might determine that De Quincey's imagination plays a central role in his interpretation of his perceptions. As is the case of most opium users, De Quincey is able to overcome his horrific nightmares and hunger through more opium use. From these descriptions of torment and bliss, the reader realizes that opium provides both a torment and soothing remedy for the torment. "

Tags:visions, dreams, symptoms, nightmare

Abstract
The paper reveals that the decriminalization of drug abuse has not been so successful in other countries. Most Canadians favouring de-criminalization refer to cannabis or their own drug preferences, unaware of thousands of persons trapped in heroin and especially crack cocaine abuse and related criminality. Having laws against drug trafficking helps medical professionals to help the addict who wants to change his or her life, perhaps believing an addiction cannot be overcome. The paper provides comments on harm reduction, the need to help the addict and the ethics of keeping some drug laws in place towards this end.

From the Paper
"Western countries have seen rising addiction to illegal drugs, related crime and overall harm to the public (Allen, 2005). This paper examines the issue of drug decriminalization, noting a number of arguments for and against, indicating that decriminalization is not a solution to the drug addiction problem. In addition to textual research, time was taken to visit two Toronto areas noted for addicts and related criminal activities. This allowed for observation of people whose entire lives are centred on drug abuse as helped to see defects in the arguments of those who recommend decriminalization."

Tags:drugs, legal, crac

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the construction and use of a persona in works of literature is both an ancient and controversial literary strategy. This essay explores the employment of this strategy in two works that use the device of a persona in detailing struggles with drug addiction: Thomas de Quincey's 'Confessions of an English Opium Eater' and James Frey's 'A Million Little Pieces'. Beginning with a historical background of the theory and practice of the persona in literature, the essay moves to a detailed analysis of its use in both texts. The thesis is argued that the persona is used by both authors to undermine authorial presence in supposedly autobiographical texts in order to heighten both romantic and photo realistic literary effects.

From the Paper
"In Thomas de Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater the use of a persona allows the author to set what are presumably autobiographical experiences in a romantic framework. This is apparent early in the text - before the reader reaches the discussion of opium and its effects - when we see the de Quincey depicting his persona's relationship with the impoverished Ann. This sad and touching story clearly creates sympathy for the reader with the persona. It may be argued that de Quincey is employing it for precisely this effect in the story in order to offset any initial distaste the reader may have for a persona that gradually slips into opium addiction. Thus, we can see how even in a supposedly autobiographical work, the persona may be understood in literary terms as a device set within a literary framework to achieve specific purposes in the minds of the audience."

Tags:texts, literary, criticism, relationship, characters

Abstract
This paper argues that the protagonists in 'Survival in Auschwitz' and in 'Wind, Sand, and Stars' survived their ordeal and returned and became productive members of society. The author points out that they were able to survive and to return because they found that their lives had meaning. The paper contends that the protagonist in "Invisible Man" had more difficulty because the society he has left would not welcome him back.

From the Paper
"The protagonist in "Invisible Man", an ambitious, polite and intelligent black man, states that he is invisible only because people refuse to see him. His solitude is the result of alienation. Perhaps, his task is the most difficult of the three books because it is not simply he who must adapt, but society must also change if he is to return and interact with human beings in a normal way. The protagonist in "Invisible Man" is expected to live humbly in white society while at the same time he is being abused, a situation presented to him as "normal." For example, when he gives his graduation speech as valedictorian of his class, he is allowed to give it only after being forced to participate in a brutal, humiliating, and demeaning "boxing match" designed to be a spectacle and entertainment for an ignorant, racist, white crowd."

Tags:re-entry, alienation, death-camp, flying-addiction, human-connections

Abstract
The paper provides a discussion of Engaged Buddhism in Western countries, introducing several phenomena relating to medicine, counselling, de-addiction and palliative care. The paper offers a reflection on Buddhism for Westerners and shows how comparable traditions are less glamorous.

From the Paper
"Buddhism of different kinds has known appreciation in the West since the 1960s, part of a great renewal of interest in Asian religions and philosophy of multiple effects. This paper attends to what is now discussed as Engaged Buddhism in an approach to self, life and the world that makes creative, often dynamic use of all that a Buddhist human being gains through practice. Some practitioners regard their very service as not just their dharma but as an exercise in seamless, endless meditation, in ways of life to combine Buddhist principles and pragmatic activities..."

Tags:engaged buddh, medicine, trends

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the construction and use of a persona in works of literature is both an ancient and controversial literary strategy. This essay explores the employment of this strategy in two works which use the device of a persona in detailing struggles with drug addiction: Thomas de Quincey's 'Confessions of an English Opium Eater' and James Frey's 'A Million Little Pieces'.

From the Paper
"Beginning with an historical background of the theory and practice of the persona in literature, the essay will move to a detailed analysis of its use in both texts. The thesis will be argued that the persona is used by both authors to undermine authorial presence in supposedly autobiographical texts in order to heighten both romantic (de Quincey) and photo realistic (Frey) literary effects."

Tags:persona, literature