Abstract
This paper examines how, when conducting research into human behavior, practitioners have long been attached to quantitative methodologies. It explores how the last two decades of research have increasingly brought into question the ability of researchers to be able to obtain an objective viewpoint and whether or not quantitative research has validity.

Outline
Introduction
Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research
Ethical Considerations

From the Paper
"A qualitative, naturalistic approach is used when observing and interpreting reality. For this reason, this style of is most often used when studying human relations. When measuring people's perceptions of a situation, such as an organization's culture, or in order to understand an organization's behavior, the qualitative research will allow the researcher to guide the research toward unearthing the underlying causes of human behavior in addition to simply measuring the human behavior. This research method is used when the researchers need to / want to develop a theory that will explain what was experienced. For example, a young child may avoid dark rooms as a matter of habit. His behavior may be a simply anxiety avoidance on the part of the child."

Tags:human, behavior, culture

Abstract
The nursing shortage in the U.S. is indicative of a number of significant forces, including changing demographics, decreasing resources, and increased demands on the health care system. The paper shows that, while work force shortages occur cyclically in other professions, this increasing shortage of nurses appears to be more severe and complex. The paper argues that the results of this trend, if left unchecked, will pose a significant threat to the overall well-being and health of the nation. In order to investigate this trend and create a hypothesis as a means for reversing the shortage, this paper proposes to investigate how creating a mentoring approach to recruit nurses could increase the number of nurses applying to nursing programs, improve the a retention rate of nurses entering the field, and increase the level of job satisfaction among nursing professionals.

From the Paper
"The US General Accounting Office (2001) reported similar concerns regarding the aging of the nursing population. As noted by GAO, multiple factors influence recruitment and retention of nurses. One of which is the reduced entry of younger people into the profession. Job dissatisfaction has been identified as an additional factor contributing to the nursing shortage. On the basis of a survey sponsored by the Federation of Nurses and Health Professionals (2001), one-half of the currently employed, surveyed RNs have considered leaving the patient-care field for reasons other than retirement."

Tags:Bureau, of, Health, Professionals, mentor

Abstract
This paper explains that both ethnographic and grounded-theory research seek to find a scientifically valid and effective way of conducting research on a variety of subjects. Ethnographic research tends to be more of a mixture of qualitative and quantitative measures, whereas, grounded-theory research tends to be more purely quantitative. The author points out that ethnographic research is a naturalistic, observational method, which elicits rich descriptions of context and culture, alternating between a narrow and a broad focus. The paper relates that, because it deals with an explicitly theoretical research problem, grounded-theory methodology is more direct, more rationalized and quantitative in nature, and primarily seeks to answer research questions through the proposition that scientific research cannot be proposed without substantive or grounded data to back it up.

From the Paper
"There are many approaches to conducting research, some qualitative and some quantitative, and some which have facets of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Quantitative research designs serve the purpose of showing causal motivations, observing present conditions and longitudinal comparisons, and establishing relationships with evidence from a sample size that is generally large or, in some cases, deferred to a larger statistical research body. Qualitative designs, on the other hand, focus more on specifics than the
generalities suggested by these tendencies towards large sampling groups in quantitative research."

Tags:qualitative, quantitative, longitudinal, valid, observational

Abstract
This paper explains that domestic violence, also referred to as intimate partner violence (IPV), which is increasing among ethnic minority populations, is a public health concern requiring the need for multicultural treatment options for both batterers and victims. The author points out that the great challenge is the limited number of professionals trained to work with multicultural court-ordered clients, who face challenging issues of compulsory therapy in the context of cultural diversity. The paper relates that the purpose of the proposed research is to evaluate qualitatively a domestic violence intervention program directed at Latino male batterers charged with domestic violence; the research question is whether or not the various components of this intervention program are effective in the reduction of recidivism.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Questions
Literature Review
Introduction
Implications for Social Work Practice
Methodology
Introduction
Subjects/Participants
Instrument
Design of Study/Data Collection
Feasibility

From the Paper
"What was once believed to be a private family matter has converted into a pervasive societal problem. Law enforcement officials now find themselves in the middle of domestic disputes on a daily basis. Perpetrators are faced with jail time and mandatory treatment while survivors seek emotional support and social justice. Clearly, this paradigmatic shift of how domestic violence situations are handled has placed a strain on society, its resources, and its members. The underlying theme, however, states a clear purpose: the batterer must be held accountable, and the victim must be protected (Stith, Rosen, & McCollum, 2003). For this reason, the work that therapists do is so essential in creating awareness and providing education and opportunities for self-growth. "

Tags:recidivism, latino, advertising, factors, quantitative

Abstract
This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers, can lead to lawbreaking, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. The author stresses that it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. The paper uses statistics and general facts to support its conclusions.

From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers where concentrations of impoverished youth from broken home situations are commonplace. Many of these young people - predominantly the boys - turn to delinquency and lawbreaking that can oft times lead to adult lives as career criminals. Consequently, it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. Theories for the causes of juvenile delinquency range from the commonsensical to the ridiculous. Somewhere in the middle are the statistically demonstrated factors that are indicators of whether or not a juvenile will turn to crime. Many types of crimes are associated primarily with the young and are considered "coming of age" crimes. These include drug experimentation, petty theft, and vandalism."

Tags:juvenile, delinquency, programs

Abstract
This paper uses the hypothesis statement, "The typical American drinks on average 3 or more 8 oz. caffeine beverages a day" to demonstrate hypothesis testing. The author points out the steps in the five-step hypothesis test: (1) formulate a null and an alternative hypothesis; (2) select a level of significance or risk for the research; (3) identify the test statistic; (4) formulate a decision rule and (5) do the calculations and make a decision. The paper relates that hypothesis testing can be used to test any claim about a parameter.

Table of Contents:
Research Issue
Hypothesis
Five-Step Hypothesis Test
Results
Other Uses of Hypothesis Testing
Excel Spreadsheets
Hypothesis Test: Mean vs. Hypothesized Value

From the Paper
"A one-tail test is a test that indicates a direction. This direction can be indicated by the use of words such as less than or more than, or it can be indicated by the use of the greater or less than mathematical signs. The direction of the tail is determined by which direction the alternate hypothesis points. A two-tail test is needed when the words or signs equal and not equal are used. By looking at the hypotheses, Team B determined that they will be conducting a one-tail test to the right."

Tags:tail, test, test, alternative, null, population

Abstract
This research paper is on the success of education to prevent eating disorders. It involves both summary of important research done prior to the writing of the paper and a proposal for a new study different from research that has been done before. The author describes the effect of preventative courses on the onset of eating disorders in young adolescent girls.

From the Paper
?The course will entail several of the aspects already mentioned. It will involve education about eating disorders - specifically what they are, exactly what people with eating disorders do, and consequences of eating disorders. Examples, testimonies and pictures of girls with eating disorders will be presented. The course will also involve instruction on maintaining a healthy diet - the girls will receive information on what a healthy, balanced diet involves and how to follow it. In order to teach the girls about keeping a positive attitude about their bodies, leader guided discussion and personal reflection will take place. Famous role models who have overcome society's standards for the "perfect body" will be introduced (not personally). Girls will also be involved in self-esteem boosting activities.?

Tags:adolescent, disorders, methods, prevention, psychology

Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of divorce and examines the research methodologies used in order to provide accurate divorce rates. The author also discusses about related social and cultural matters.

From the Paper
"While the decision to divorce one's marital partner seems as if it were an entirely personal one. But (as Emile Durkheim has shown us so conclusively as regards suicide) personal decisions are also social and cultural ones. Divorce rates have risen and fallen (but mostly risen) since the 18th century colonial era in America. Any investigation of such changes in the rate of divorce must be fundamentally grounded in the methods of historical research as well as social science research. How best to understand the reasons that divorce rates have fluctuated since the 18th century requires a close reading of a variety of historical and cultural texts that -- taken together -- will ground the personal reasons that obtain in each specific case of divorce with the larger social and cultural context of marriage and divorce. "

Tags:macro-economics, population, marriage, social, young, reports, study, qualitative, cultural, change, ethnicity, religion, birth, rate

Abstract
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.

From the Paper
This paper covers the history of the modern animal rights movement and examines and evaluates the current federal legislation regarding all aspects of animal testing and treatment of laboratory animals. Individual animal tests and alternatives to using laboratory animals are discussed from different viewpoints. Reasons for either supporting or condemning many different types of animal tests in the areas of medicine, cosmetics and scientific research are looked at.

Tags:act, alternatives, birds, chimps, cosmetics, dogs, experiments, laboratory, medicine, mice, rabbits, rats, science, welfare

Abstract
This paper gives scientific and moral reasons why animal testing is wrong and unjustifiable. It details the effects on animals after experiments that are conducted in torture-like situations and how these tests are often unnecessary and/or avoidable. It shows how the law does not protect animals against being used for experiments, and that through the use of advances in technology animal testing has become obsolete. This paper uses statistics and scientific research to support its position.

From the paper:

"More than 25 million animals suffer and die each year in American laboratories alone. (ADL) This continues despite the fact that humans have long known that most animals have an ability to feel pain as advanced, if not more advanced, than their own. Human pain is easily recognizable and universally accepted as fact. Most vertebrate animals exhibit pain in a nearly identical fashion. They writhe about, contort the muscles of their bodies and face, make sounds of distress and even calls for help. They will try to avoid the source of that pain, demonstrate fear when threatened with its re occurrence, and can even be conditioned to watch for warning signs."

Tags:science, research, medicine, technology