Abstract
"Controlled sports permeate the everyday life of American society. Even young children are affected through their exposure to organized athletics, which include baseball/softball, soccer, football, karate/judo, wrestling, field/ice hockey, lacrosse, boxing, and rugby.

From the Paper
"Controlled sports permeate the everyday life of American society. Even young children are affected through their exposure to organized athletics, which include baseball/softball, soccer, football, karate/judo, wrestling, field/ice hockey, lacrosse, boxing, and rugby. Participation in such sports can have both a positive and negative effect on the lives of children.

Griffin (1998) offers research and personal insight on organized athletics in an attempt to help parents make decisions about their children and sports. One of the main issues the author addresses is what impact sports have on the social, physical, and moral development of children. The basis of this book is that children see sports as more than just enjoyment and the enhancement of physical skills, particularly for the child who is an enthusiastic participant: "sports is about growing up ..."

Abstract
This paper provides a general overview of the game of soccer. It examines the reasons why the game has not become popular in America. The paper then discusses the different competitions and tournaments where soccer is played, including the World Cup, the FC Champions' Cup and the Olympics.

From the Paper
"Though Americans may not have yet found soccer to be game that deserves National acceptance there remain die-hard fans that follow the games played in the nation and abroad. Then with the growth of the media the World Cup fever grips the nations and even America cannot remain immune. Thus, in 1994 it hosted the World Cup and since then the diminishing game has again taken hold in the country. To give the Americans their due even before 1994 there was an established soccer network within the states and national competitions were held with the most prestigious being the US Open Cup under the U.S. Soccer Federation's National Championship."

Tags:FIFA, championship, Lamar, Open, professional, division

Abstract
The concept of leadership has gained a large amount of attention in recent years, as sports have increased in popularity and researchers have placed an emphasis on determining the relationship between leaders, teams and performance. This paper examines the Multidimensional Model of Sport Leadership which states that optimal performance and satisfaction are achieved when leader's required, preferred and actual behaviors are consistent. The paper also discuses the many studies which have been conducted to try to develop or expand the knowledge of the topic of sport leadership.

From the Paper
"Chelladurai's research proposed the Multidimensional Model of Leadership, in which the characteristics of the leader and group members interact with situational factors, like the athletic program philosophy. Therefore, the specific characteristics of an effective leader are hypothesized to differ as a function of context. Thus, the sport leader characteristics that are the most effective for male basketball players may be different than the characteristics of effective leaders on a women's swim team.

A leader is one of the most important aspects of an organization. The major task of an athletic trainer is to get employees to perform their best. An athletic trainer, such as a coach, must complete successfully implement training schedules, and provide competing athletes with the skills needed to target the training objects. In addition, to handle a team, a leader must act as a friend, consultant, manager, psychologist, and funds collector of athletes."

Tags:Chelladurai, Charles, Barkley

Abstract
The paper examines the history of steroids and their original use. It discusses the side affects from taking steroids for both women and men. The paper explores alternative methods to enhance the physical look of ones body without using steroids.

From the Paper
"Steroids have been around for about 100 years but no one really knew what they were or did until about 70 years ago. It has really only been since the 30's that we have started to realize what we had. In the 30's they used to give steroids to dogs. When they did this they found a great increase in muscle mass. At first they were like wow this is great all you have to do is take this shot and you can be huge. According to steroidworld.com "the first time that steroids were found in a sport event was around the 50's when Russian lifters shattered weight lifting records" (SteroidWorld 1 p.3). After this happened people and especially doctors started to look into steroids and what they were all about. By 1964 steroids had hit the market and every athlete wanted them. In the beginning no one had any idea about how much to use or when to use them and there were a lot of side affects for that reason but, no one really cared because of the great strength gain."

Tags:body, building, gnc, muscles, strength

Abstract
This paper is on the topic of baseball and war. World War I and II affected baseball, but baseball played an important role in the lives of Americans during the war.

Abstract
This paper will discuss Randy Roberts' book, "Papa Jack: Jack Johnson and the Era of White Hopes" and seek to understand this boxer in light of the research that Roberts has done him. By understanding the life of a black boxer in the early years of the sport, we can see how this creative work uncover sthe racism and attitude of the boxing world in the era of Papa Jack.

Abstract
This seven-page undergraduate paper discusses sports psychology. Sports psychology uses science to study the psychological factors that involve the training and performance of athletes and the various techniques that can be used to enhance their performances. It helps athletes to set effective and easily achievable short-term goals at the right level. It also teaches athletes to build self-confidence through goal setting. Sports psychology uses imaging and simulation to enhance technique building in athletes. Flow and Focus are other sports psychology techniques used to bring about exemplary athletes.

Abstract
This paper offers a critical examination of ethical issues in professional sports, using theories and ideas from well-known experts in the field. After a brief look at the role of sports throughout history, the paper focuses on the importance of winning and the use of performance-enhancing drugs by athletes. It questions the widespread use of drugs in the pursuit of victory and critically examines the reasons that this practice is forbidden.

From the Paper
"Avid interest in sports affects the entire world, from soccer in Europe to ice hockey in Russia. Sports were important in ancient times to the Greeks and Romans, and to Native American cultures as well. Robert Simon points out in his book Fair Play: The Ethics of Sport that "participation in sports, and the related activity of play, are characteristic of most, if not all, human societies" (2)."

Tags:athletes, drug, drugs, enhancing, ethics, performance, philosophy, professional, sports

Abstract
This paper examines the sociological and anthropological implications inherent in the commonplace ritual of a youth football match. Particularly, the paper describes a recent match involving two teams that coincidentally happened to have certain ethnic majorities on their roster. The paper examines why winning this match was so important to the parents and families of the children, and the paper also looks at the social organization, cultural economy, language, and semiotics of the soccer match ritual with an eye towards determining the greater truths and significances it holds.

From the Paper
"It is often said that to truly understand cultures (and human beings more generally) it is necessary to review the rituals in which they participate. The following paper will focus upon one such ritual - namely, the ritual of the local soccer or "football" game which so often takes place at the near-by park or recreational center. In so doing, the paper will explore the social organization, cultural economy, language and semiotics of the ritual with the hope that the reader will be left with a better understanding of the deeper significances and structures which turn the every-day soccer or "football" match into a rich harvest for cultural anthropologists."

Tags:soccer, ethnography, culture

Abstract
This paper analyzes the leadership style of Vince Lombardi. It seeks to explain how his early upbringing and the events of his youth influenced him and eventually led him, almost by chance, to his true calling as a football coach. Lombardi is presented as a transformational leader who imposed his own vision of excellence in performance upon team members, while respecting each member as an individual and winning their loyalty and admiration. The paper asserts that his approach to competition and winning is defended against claims of some latter-day critics that Lombardi placed winning above sportsmanship and love of the game. In conclusion, the paper argues instead that the will to achieve peak performance and winning was, to Lombardi, inseparable from sportsmanship, and a natural consequence of love of the game.

Outline:
Introduction
Situation and Environment
Analysis of Lombardi's Leadership Style
Annotated Bibliography

From the Paper
"From the very outset, Vince Lombardi acquired and displayed one leadership characteristic with which he would always be associated---a strong belief in the importance of winning against all odds. Regarding the circumstances of his early upbringing as the first-born son of an upwardly mobile Italian-American butcher, David Maraniss observes: "[His parents] worshiped their first son more year by Year. . . . .His family stressed to him that being average was not enough, that he was better than the rest. They played to win, from Grandma Izzo at cards to Father Harry at Scrabble.... No one wanted Vince to spend his life cutting meat" (1999, 22-23)."

Tags:sports, coaching, leader, sportsmanship