Abstract
The paper critically assesses two differing research methodologies; quantitative and qualitative as both form an important part of sociological examination although fundamental differences exist between them. The paper provides an outline of each method and the manner in which it is employed followed by an examination of the inherent differences between the two methodologies. The paper concludes with an assessment as to what advantages can be attained when the two opposite approaches are used in conjunction with one another.

From the Paper
"Therefore, from such a basis it is possible to see how the two different methods employ differing criteria when examining social phenomena. Quantitative methodology relies heavily on measurable scientific data (Phillips, 1976; p. 102). As such, wide ranging data collection is a consistent feature of the quantitative approach. This would include data collection methods such as surveys and questionnaires. Interviews could also play an important role in quantitative research but such interviews would be heavily structured. A clear and unambiguous structure is vital to the methodology employed so that clearly definable scientific results can be offered. Given this, the quantitative approach requires as a prerequisite that the individual researcher or interviewer adopts an impartial and detached stance toward the research. (Bailey 1994; p. 136). Becoming heavily and directly involved in the research process could impact on the mathematical result and therefore negatively affect the reliability of the data."

Tags:qualitative, analysis, observational, techniques, statistics

Abstract
This paper discusses ways in which surveys can be conducted in educational research. The author explains that surveys make up the bulk of the research investigations conducted in the field of education as the aim is to collect and analyze pertinent data on particular phenomena. The paper describes several survey methods and also gives examples of how and when each survey method should be utilized.

Outline:
Introduction
Questionnaire and Interview
Survey Methods
Cross-Sectional Surveys
Longitudinal Surveys
Trend or Prediction Surveys
Question Development in Survey Design
Rating Scales in Data Instruments
Reference List

From the Paper
"Most surveys are conducted with the use of questionnaires that are distributed for the sample population to fill out. Other researchers on the other hand, conduct personal interviews with the individual respondents of their sample population. Whichever way the survey was accomplished, researchers often use either qualitative questions that allow the respondent to openly write down their thoughts or opinions on topics outlined in the questionnaire, or researchers could also employ quantitative questions which already contain specific answers for the respondents to choose, i.e. true or false, strongly agree, mildly disagree, etc."

Tags:research methods, trends questionnaires research

Abstract
This paper examines the sampling techniques presented in three articles from "Voices from the Field: Readings in Criminal Justice Research " by Pope, Lovell and Brandl (Ed.). In each article, the author compares the sampling process to the optimal technique for the purpose of the study and analyzes the representativeness of the population from which it was drawn. The articles are 'Heavy Metal Music Preference, Delinquent Friends, Social Control, and Delinquency' by Singer and Levine, 'Collective and Normative Features of Gang Violence' by S. Decker and 'A Badge and a Baccalaureate' by R. Warden. The paper concludes that sampling is critical to the reliability of the study.

From the Paper
"The first article is 'Heavy Metal Music Preference, Delinquent Friends, Social Control, and Delinquency'. The population used was public and private senior high school students in a large, New York suburban community. Using school board lists, 1,475 students were sampled. Of this number, interviews were completed with 705 youths. This study used proportionate sampling as its sampling technique. Crucial to this type of sampling is that the study specified the probability that any given element is included."

Tags:optimal reliability, senior high school students, active gang members, cluster sampling

Abstract
This paper looks at how teenage relationship violence is due to factors in their environment, lack of education and support networks. It examines the thesis that increased interventions within schools, youth and community centers should reduce teen violence in relationships, and increase knowledge about what constructs an abusive relationship. It proposes a study whose aim is to give teens vital information about abusive behavior within relationship and to provide information to parents, teachers, caregivers, administrative staff members and friends of peers about what to do if they believe a child may be in an abusive relationship.

Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Hypotheses
Research Questions
The Study Rationale
The Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
The Research Methodology
Design
Inclusion Criteria
Sampling Recruitement of Subject
Intervention
Statical Analysis

From the Paper
"The most common types of abuse amongst teens are emotional, verbal, as well as physical. Emotional and verbal abuse is manifested through name calling, bullying, teasing, threats and keeping them away from family members. Whereas, physical abuse takes on a more aggressive bodily harm such as hitting, shoving, grabbing, kicking or punching and sexual abuse or rape. (CDC, 2006). Each case may involve a multitude of warning signs visible to parents, friends and teachers of the occurring abuse within the teen's relationship. These warning signs include explained injuries, a dramatic drop in the child's grades, extreme mood swings, difficulty sleeping, isolation, drug and alcohol usage, eating disorders, depression, unwanted pregnancies and suicide attempts. "

Tags:bullying, domestic, suicide, pregnancy

From the Paper
"Abercrombie and Fitch is one of today's most popular clothing companies that cater to America's youth culture. A&F clothing is worn by children and young adults, but is largely marketed to the college-aged population. Abercrombie and Fitch has been in existence since 1892, beginning as an outdoors sporting goods supplier. Today, A&F stores can be found in malls across America and the A&F logo is easily seen on any high school or college campus. A&F clothes are even worn by cast members of the hugely popular television show, Friends. "

Tags:brand, clothing, employee

Abstract
This paper examines ethical standards existing in the business world today and how best to apply these standards. Guidelines from Frank Bucaro, a well-known author and speaker, are provided as a basis to making ethical decisions.

Tags:business, good, honesty, morals, responsibility, values

Abstract
This paper details the various issues and describes the research surrounding Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), a disease that affects children, primarily males and is characterized by the degeneration of muscular tissue. The essay discusses symptoms, causes, molecular and cellular defects, how symptoms are derived from cellular defects and possible treatments. The sections covering the molecular aspects of this disease are in depth and scientifically explicit.

From the Paper
"Muscular Dystrophy is a debilitating disorder that is characterized by degeneration of muscle tissue. One of the most common forms of this disorder and one that is particularly severe is Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). This disease affects a far greater number of males, approximately 1 out of every 3 500 born, than females (Cooper 1997). The cellular defects associated with DMD are well understood; however, there is still some speculation over the actions that take place at the molecular level. The treatment available for DMD patients is very limited. However, there has been promising research done with stem cells, antibiotics and gene therapies that offer new hope for sufferers of DMD. Many of these studies have been done on mdx mice, an animal model for DMD that possesses the same genetic defect as humans who suffer with the disease (Agrawal et al. 1999). These studies offer a new ray of hope, not only for those suffering with DMD, but also for people who suffer from various types of muscular degenerative diseases."

Tags:biology, cell, cellular, disease, dmd, dystrophin, gene, medicine, molecular, therapy

Abstract
This paper presents a study conducted on the increasing number of children classed as overweight or obese The author examines how childhood obesity most often lends to adulthood obesity, and how this may give rise to an immense public health problem in the future. The specific aim of the research study is to find out the reasons for the existence of the problem of obesity among the children, to study the consequences of the problem on the physical and mental health of the individual and to propose different solutions to the problem.

From the Paper
"The research plan is developed with the aim to identify the health risks associated with childhood obesity. The research objectives thus defined aim at the identification of the health risks associated with the problem and on proposing the possible solutions to the problem. Moreover, it is the objective of our research to find out the possible causes of the problem and to define specific tools that are used for the identification of the problem. We have taken a sample of 30 individuals consisting of 15 girls and 15 boys within an age limit of 6-10 years. The sample is taken out of a wide population of the children attending schools and facing the problem of obesity. Sampling is done on random basis as it was the most convenient and simplest method of sampling when dealing with such a huge population. The research findings are based on the observations of the behavior of the children with respect to their eating habits, physical activities etc. The aim was to identify the reasons and consequences of obesity. After identification of the problem and the causes of the problem several suggestions are made in order to overcome the problem of obesity."

Tags:effects, health, obese, overweight, risk, suffer, youngsters, adult

Abstract
This paper shows, through an extensive literature review, as well as research conducted by the author in the form of a personal interview, and a questionnaire submitted to local students, that if illegal drug use leads to increased crime, then the decriminalization of drugs will ultimately reduce crime and will therefore improve society.

From the Paper
"Because drug use is illegal in America, not only are prisons overcrowded with drug offenders but the high prices caused by illegalization result in a massive increase in monetary and even violent crimes. The war on drugs, as it has been practiced for the past four decades has done nothing to reduce these problems, and has in fact increased them. Thus it is becoming progressively more evident that the victory for this war will take far too long, cost way too much money and have far too many victims."

Tags:abuse, cocaine, debate, drug, legalization, legalize, marijuana

Abstract
This paper states a basic premise of adventure therapy is that a series of well-designed activities focusing on success experiences will help break the cycles of failure and bring about an increase in that person's ability to feel good about him/herself. The author discuses the goals of AT are important to the recovering addict. The paper presents a complete research design.

Table of Contents
Theoretical Background
The Adolescent, Self Esteem and Substance Abuse
Adventure Therapy and the Adolescent
Introduction to the Research
Methodology
Subjects
Instruments
Procedures
Data Analysis
Data Organization
Statistical Procedures
Significance of the Study
Implications
Applications

From the Paper
"The physical nature of adventure therapy and the real life nature of experiential learning activities, lends itself to be used by counselors of many different theoretical. AT easily allows the counselor to design a program unique to its setting. The basic model of experiential learning is based on the premise that intervention fosters learning, which leads to insight. This new insight, can then create necessary permanent changes."

Tags:addict, psychoanalytical, risk, data, treatment, scores, multifactorial, anova