Abstract
This essay analyzes the text of George Ryga's "The Ecstasy of Rita Joe", then links it to issues of publishing, culture, and aboriginal people in Canada. Examines the significance of this publication in light of the Americanization of Canadian literature.

From the Paper
'The Ecstasy of Rita Joe is a series of scenes linked by Rita's memory and associations; their causal relations become clear only through repetition. This cause and effect is well illustrated by a particular scene set: Rita Joe admits to stealing a sweater in court. Later, at a clothing drive arranged by Mr. Homer, Jaimie Paul explicitly forbids Rita Joe from taking a red sweater she is admiring. This cause and effect relationship gives credence to Rita Joe's actions, as we are shown very simply how and why these things happen. Her eventual rape and murder is foreshadowed throughout the play, as "the murderers" are written several times into the background scenes of the play; they act as unknown menacing objects at times that Rita shows vulnerability. In terms of linking this book to the modern day, it is this part of the story that I found so striking and timely, as the book has foreshadowed the reality of the past few decades in the downtown eastside of Vancouver, recently come to a head."

Tags:first, nations, native, studies, talonbooks

Abstract
This paper examines ways to stop Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills and argues that the Michigan waste disposal companies are not justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash and trash from other states is a major problem facing America's landfills today, and the author of this paper suggests we find new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfills before the country's current landfills are exhausted.

From the Paper
"Thus, waste from other areas would have to meet strict criteria before it could enter the state, and this would cut down tremendously on the waste coming in from Canada and other areas, leaving our landfills open for our own waste, and not filling them up as quickly. The opposition to the bill comes from landfill owners and waste industry associations, who feel they should be able to accept waste from anywhere. Clearly, the two sides must come to an agreement, and the Senate must find out how the people of Michigan feel about the solid waste from other areas coming into Michigan for disposal."

Tags:SB, 98, Solid, Waste, Package

Abstract
This essay examines the events leading up to and including the Red River Rebellion and the effects it has had on Canadian culture as a whole. It is also examined with respect to the role of Louis Riel and the effects it has had on Metis culture and natives.

From the Paper
"The Red River Metis' conflicts with other settlers and the Canadian government were largely a result of the existence of a "half-breed" settlement. Historian George Stanley once described Metis people as "having darker skin than a white person but otherwise quite similar to Europeans. In all respectability, they are like civilized men, not more uneducated, immoral, or disorderly than many communities in the old world."1 During the first stage of Metis discontent leading up to the rebellion at Red River, between the years of 1830 and 1850, the unrest among the Metis was largely a result of economic concern due to crop failures and the trade monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company.2 During this period, the Canadian government did little in the way of aiding the people of Red River. The second stage of Metis discontent occurred between the years of 1850 and 1869, the years immediately preceding the uprising against the Canadian government. The reason for discontent during this period was rooted in racial and social concerns of the Metis.3 The Metis during this period believed they were being pushed out of their own land, their own unique culture that they had developed to make room for other settlers to occupy their land. The Metis viewed this as an insult against their abilities, and their culture as a whole. The first period of discontent led to the eventual dismantling of the Hudson Bay Company's monopoly and the second era of discontent led to the insurrection of 1869 under Louis Riel."

Tags:canada, history, louis, manitoba, native, oppression, riel, rights

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine some of the major characteristics both historical and modern of the nationalist movement in Quebec. The writer points out that while it is true that Quebec nationalism could be traced all the way back to the late eighteenth century it is more accurate to say that Quebec nationalism is a product of the 1960s and subsequent decades when the appropriate political came to power in Quebec.

From the Paper
"If ever there was a modern case of the conflict and confusion that can be brought on by nationalist movements, then Quebec is that example. Nationalism in Quebec has been at near fever pitch since the 1960s, though the urgency associated with the political movement has died down somewhat in recent years. Nevertheless, Quebec nationalism is part of a long political and cultural tradition that traces its roots back to the English takeover of French Canada in 1759. Since that time, the francophone population in Quebec has quietly (and not so quietly) nursed its resentment of the control the English have over them."

Tags:quebec, nationalism, analysis

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide an overarching examination of not only the historical evolution of Quebec nationalism but also the implications that this nationalist fervor has for the future of federalism in Canada and the possibility of an independent Quebec nation. The writer notes that nationalism in Quebec is part of a long political, social, and cultural tradition.

From the Paper
"In the span of the twentieth century, Canada as a nation has witnessed and endured any number of historical events that have had a profound influence and impact on Canadian society. Leaders came and went; social policies were enacted; traditional conservatism was replaced with neo-conservatism. Arguably, though, one of the greatest and most consistent forces in twentieth century Canadian politics has been the rising authority of Quebec nationalism and the threat it represents to a cohesive Canadian federalism."

Tags:quebec, nationalism, history

Abstract
This short essay explores the story 'Growing Up Native' by Canadian First Nations' writer, Carol Geddes. This paper discusses how in her story she discusses the effects of the Alaskan highway, missionaries, alcohol and drug abuse had on her community and herself, but also offers hope.

Tags:canadian, native, education

Abstract
This paper discusses Canada's cultural diversity. It discusses Canada's immigration policies that have resulted in such a high level of diversity and problems with the policies in the past. The paper also discusses Canada's aboriginal population, its international mediators and the challenges it faces for the future.

From the Paper
" Canada and Cultural Diversity -Outline Introduction: * Ethnic and cultural makeup, diversity as an attribute * Immigration today, Canada today * Thesis: today, Canada has fully embraced cultural pluralism in both policy and practice, although this has not been the base in the past * Historically bilingual * Argument: broad framework of laws, adaptability to new issues, programs, approach, basis for future; C. Charter of Rights * Origins in the bilingual challenge * Immigration policy of the past; policy, aggressive laws * Mistakes of the immigration policy of the past * Canada and its aboriginal people: infringements on human rights from early history, school system, impacts * Constitutional measures and legislation not enough on its own: all groups must have a voice in community * Canadian as international mediators, peacekeeprs * Challenges for the future: global changes, globalization, fighting"

Tags:canada, culturaldiversity, multiculturalism

Abstract
This paper discusses the dynamics of systemic or institutional racism that maintain white privilege. The paper presents a critical view of US/UK bedrock of theory, when discussing Canadian phenomenon. The paper presents fieldwork which reveals that most homeless persons in a Toronto facility were 'white' and when speaking with a white mentally ill vagrant man, it was realized that his 'privilege' did not mean any institution was responsible for him.

From the Paper
"`Whiteness', Institutional Racism, and `White Privilege'. Course materials indicating institutional racism pertain most often to British or American examples, and employing a jargon of `privilege' that is interesting to examine in relation to contemporary Canada. One is to assume that the situations of these quite strongly racist societies are pertinent to Canada, in which racism certainly exists, but in a condition not to be compared with what is encountered in the others. Should we be examining institutional racism and white privilege in Australia, for instance, or other communal distinctions in India, or in Israel? An interesting approach is taken in John Hartigan's discussion of the American case, in reference to `rednecks', `hillbillies' and `white trash', as marked racial subjects. (2003: 95-111) "

Tags:whiteprivilege, uk/usatheory, race

Abstract
This paper reviews the defining characteristics of the Canadian government's public policies regarding immigration and settlement in recent years, and the emphasis upon the economic value to Canada of immigrants and immigration. This essay argues, that if one examines Canadian immigration and settlement policy in a larger historical context, one can recognize how both racism and sexism have been played important roles as primary factors in shaping these policies.

Tags:canada, race, immigration

Abstract
This paper discusses the common-refrain of the Conference Board of Canada to report that private-sector unions and management are becoming more likely to pull "closer together for the sake of survival" in the newer global economy. The paper points out that in the public sector the Board generally reports that relations are worsening. It continues that despite the fact that strife garners much more in the way of headlines than agreements negotiated good faith, the Board's statement that private-sector unions are making more of an effort to work with employers is ideological in that it creates a spin pressuring unions to reduce demands in the name of tax cuts.

Tags:private, public, labour