Abstract
This paper explains that quality control procedures are particularly useful in business, when properly deployed, because they can help managers to transform incomprehensibly varied or difficult data into more understandable information. The author states that histograms, which depict the number or proportion of data points falling into any particular given class, can be easily understood by the naked eye of laypeople, but they also can be manipulated very easily to yield false impressions because of their seductively seamless appearance. The paper points out that the check sheet is a data-gathering and interpretation tool used for distinguishing between fact and opinion, gathering data about how often a problem is occurring and gathering data about the type of problem occurring.

Table of Contents
Issues and Organizational Examples
Histograms
Cause and Effect Diagrams
Check Sheets
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the competitive atmosphere of the business world today, it is not simply enough to have a good idea of what the present may hold for one's company or one's own personal investments. It is also important to develop organizational strategies and production goals with an eye upon the future. Critical to creating a proper decision-making strategy is the use of proper quality control tools to improve the strategy-creating process. Indeed, as noted by the authors Katherine Manley and S. Sytsma, the quality-control processes of histograms, cause and effect diagrams, and check sheets can and are frequently used to aid in any kind of process, but particularly in regards to organizational quality control in the corporate world."

Tags:procedures, crunch, information, proportion, strategy

Abstract
This paper not only evaluates and critiques the article, "The Stem Cell Challenge" by Nadia Rosenthal and Robert Lanza about stem cell research, but also evaluates whether the article's format was research-correct, data-supportive, and topically appropriate and sustainable. The author points out that, once the research goal is identified, the investigator must abandon all forms of bias and look at the research situation as a controlled, rational process of reflective inquiry. The paper relates that this article presents the reader with an excellent opportunity to understand clearly the benefits of stem cell research with respect to diseases that currently lack a cure, namely, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, diabetes, spinal cord injuries, and cancer.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Investigative Research Requirements
Article Overview Evaluation and Problem Statement
Research Data Reporting
Study Limitations

From the Paper
"In the article, Rosenthal and Lanza go on to explain to the reader that in the stem cell process, stem cells are generally extracted from surplus frozen embryos that are left over from in-vitro fertilization procedures. Once extracted the cells can be grown in a laboratory and subjected to medical application. In addition to the frozen embryo procedure, stem cells also can be extracted from adult tissue without any harm being inflicted upon the patient."

Tags:bias, extracted, inquiry, diseases, embryos

Abstract
This paper aims to demonstrate exactly how teachers can become effective at classroom management and what skills are necessary for them to be effective at managing the classroom. To accomplish this, it examines classroom management from an open-minded perspective. The study also incorporates an exploratory approach with regard to examining how effective management skills can be adopted.

Outline
Abstract
Synopsis
Chapter 1
Introduction
Problem Statement
Importance of Study
Background to Study
Chapter 2
Literature Review
Classroom Management Defined
Why is Classroom Management Important?
Classroom Management in Action
Developing Classroom Skills
Factors Contributing to Teacher Strategies
Teaching and Classroom Management Models
Summary of Literature
Proposed Strategies for Success
Chapter 3
Methodology
Theory Building Process
Data Collection and Sample
Population Sample
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Scope and Limitations of the Study
Ethics
Implications
References

From the Paper
"The need for better instruction regarding how to effectively manage a classroom is evidenced in a majority of the literature available (Biggs, Hinson & Long, 1999; Placek & Dodds, 1988; Dembo & Gibson, 1985). Whether an education major or an experienced teacher, individuals are still attempting to identify the factors they believe to influence classroom management. Many are still struggling to define a successfully managed classroom, while others are working to identify factors that contribute to successful classroom management (Biggs, Hinson & Long, 1999). Surveys of teacher's beliefs about classroom management suggest that numerous factors may play into classroom management and the ability of teachers to manage classrooms effectively."

Tags:students, learning, environment, school

Abstract
Thomas S. Kuhn's structural account on the production of scientific knowledge constructs a generalized picture of the process by which a science is born and undergoes change and development. This paper explains that for Kuhn, science is a social system. It looks at how Kuhn analyzes the structure of scientific revolutions using several key concepts. He uses the term paradigm for an archetypal experiment or problem solution that implicitly tells scientists how to look at the world. This paper discusses how Kuhn's thesis about scientific authority utilizes the notion of normal science which he defines as science that uses a past achievement as a model and guide for formulating and solving new problems about the world which are based on paradigms. In addition, scientific revolutions occur when one paradigm is replaced by another. The writer also explains that as a result, paradigms play an important role in both normal science and scientific revolutions.

From the Paper
"The production of scientific knowledge undergoes six main steps. The first is a pre-paradigm stage in which the natural phenomena that later form the subject matter of a mature science are studied and explained from widely differing points of view. Next comes the emergence of a paradigm, embodied in the published works of one or more recognized scientists, defining and exemplifying the concepts and methods of research appropriate to the study of a certain class of natural phenomena, and serving as an inspiration to further research by its promise of success in explaining those phenomena. The third stage in the development of scientific knowledge is a period of normal science in which theories are explored and scientific puzzles are solved. A critical stage is the discovery of natural phenomena that violate the expectations governed by paradigms. In this stage, new theories are designed to explain these anomalous facts and then an abrupt transition to a new paradigm takes place in which a new conceptual and methodological framework arises which replaces the old. The final stage in the structure of scientific knowledge is the continuation of normal science within the new paradigm. This continues until the whole process repeats itself."

Tags:kuhn, philosophy, revolutions, science, scientific

Abstract
This paper describes qualitative interviewing as a research method. The paper presents major issues raised by various authors, researchers and practitioners on the use of qualitative interviewing as a method in policy evaluation. The paper examines whether qualitative interviewing is ideal for policy evaluation.

Outline
Overview
The Qualitative Interview Method
Scientific Inquiry and Qualitative Interviewing
Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Interviewing
Conclusion

From the Paper
"On account of the above, features of qualitative interviews differ from the survey interviews usually used in quantitative research. A qualitative interview is a one-on-one conversation between the researcher and the interviewee about a specific topic (Rubin and Rubin, p. 4). Unlike surveys, the questions in a qualitative interview are not standardized, even if a researcher conducts multiple interviews on the same topic. The qualitative interviewer uses open-ended, unstructured or semi-structured questions to elicit in-depth, detailed information from the interviewee. The interviewer has the flexibility to pursue unanticipated lines of inquiry."

Tags:research, questions, survey

Abstract
This report looks at research methods including the debate between qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and relates these methodologies to the healthcare field in terms of providing cost effective solutions to healthcare problems like Medicare and other problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Paradigms and Theoretical Underpinnings
Mixed Methods Research
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The first paradigm considered is logical positivism. This paradigm can roughly be equated as mentioned above with the quantitative approach to research methodology. It is a kind of research that comes from the theory that science is capable of providing definitive and objective statements regarding the proving or disproving of hypotheses, based on proof and deduction as well as statistics and mathematical reasoning. The theoretical underpinnings of logical positivism go back to the early twentieth century reliance on science and mathematical progress to solve the problems of the world, in healthcare and other environments. And logical positivism is still very strong in healthcare research, in terms of clinical trials and new drugs. But it is not as popular in the areas of healthcare the include improving cost effectiveness in government programs, because politics and science don't traditionally tend to travel too closely."

Tags:difference, inquiry, definitions, logical, positivism, phenomenology, clinical, trials

Abstract
This paper explains that, because a large number of corporations and schools, now using traditional face-to-face classroom training, are looking to increase the convenience and to improve the quality of instruction while decreasing costs, they are switching from the traditional form of training and instructional materials to web-based methods and materials. The author points out that management seeks recommendations toward curriculum changes based on the result of the proposed research to assess students' performances and preferences between these methods of delivery. The paper reports on the procedure and findings of a completed small pre-research project, which concluded that web-based training will be in demand.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Research Question
Literature Search
Purpose Statement
Ways Data Might Be Collected to Support the Research
Research Analysis
Conclusion
Table: Sample questionnaire Answers for Research Study

From the Paper
"Based on the research question, the literature review was conducted by looking into various resource engines such as EBSCOhost and ProQuest. The keywords needed for the search - in our case we used "web-based training" - comes from the question proposed. Then some abstracts were read as well as some articles that pertained to our subject. We then chose the ones that had the information that will aide us in our decision towards our research."

Tags:search, sample, questionnaire, open-ended, purpose-statement

Abstract
This paper examines the state of the art of online audio and video advertisements. The author points out who uses these ads. The paper outlines three hypotheses of what might happen with this type of advertising in the near future and suggests methodology for researching these hypotheses.

From the Paper
" Video advertising is rapidly replacing pop-up ads on the internet as the way to reach potential buyers. The technology produces television-quality video and audio without the technical problems usually associated with streaming media across the internet. The video commercial online format delivers full-screen broadcast-quality video over the internet in the form of .... megabyte .... second video spots from companies and advertisers such as Pepsi, McDonald's, A.T.& T and Honda The full-screen advertisements use a patented pre-cached delivery method whereby the ad is prepared during idle user ..."

Tags:video ads online, pop-up ads

Abstract
The paper discusses the quantitative research methodology tool ANOVA, the analysis of variance. To illustrate this particular research tool, an article employing ANOVA is examined in detail with its component sections reviewed, with a critical eye towards the use of ANOVA. The paper concludes that ANOVA is a valid and highly important statistical research device that allows the researcher to better understand the character of the topic at hand.

From the Paper
"The problem posed in Spitzner's, Marron's, and Essick's (2003) article, "Mixed-Model Functional ANOVA for Studying Human Tactile Perception," is that traditional two-dimensional approaches to quantitative statistical analysis fail to take advantage of advances in graphical applications that extend statistical analysis into a the realm of three-dimensionality. The study is necessary to illustrate how some of these graphical statistics programs can, "permit subjects to draw some aspect of the sensory experience without the constraints of numerical scales or experimenter-defined categories" (Spitzner, Marron, & Essick, 2003, para.2). The authors wish to accomplish this by employing ANOVA (analysis of variances) techniques mediated through graphical statistical analysis."

Tags:anova, statistical, analysis

Abstract
This paper explains that qualitative research involves the use of qualitative data, such as interviews, documents and participant observation data, to understand and explain social phenomena. The paper then describes the qualitative research process reported in D. Cote-Arsenault and D. Morrison-Beedy's 2001 article "Women's Voices Reflecting Changed Expectations for Pregnancy after Perinatal Loss" in the "Journal of Nursing Scholarship". The paper states that the data found in this study is consistent with previous studies conducted in Europe, which indicated that pregnancy losses of all types have a harmful effect on women's health. The author faults the study in that its sample was only Caucasian women and no men.

Table of Contents:
Problem
Study Purpose
Research Questions
Study Design
Subjects and Setting
Data Collection Methods
Data Analysis Procedures
Strengths and Limitations

From the Paper
"In analyzing the data that was collected, an exhaustive description was used. The data analysis started during collection and continued throughout the study using the same steps outlined by Colaizzi (1978). The transcripts of each session were taken and analyzed then combined together to form one data set. It was then reviewed by 11 of the participants and then returned with comments. All relevant new data were incorporated into the final description of the phenomenon. This collection and analysis was an appropriate procedure for qualitative research."

Tags:variables, open ended questions, direct quotations, focus group, transcripts