Abstract
This paper discusses the development of tensions between the United States and Japanese governments in the years leading to World War Two. Specifically, this paper details the facts supporting the argument that the Roosevelt Administration was well aware not only that an attack by the Japanese against America was imminent, but that the American government knew the attack upon Pearl Harbor was a very real possibility. The paper also states that all indications show that even though diplomacy failed, there were indications that Pearl Harbor was a definite possible target for attack. The paper asserts that the Pacific Fleet should have been put on alert and the attack should have been met. The paper concludes that if action had been taken, the United States could have entered the war without sustaining substantial losses and a defeat could have been inflicted on the Japanese Empire and the war could have ended sooner.

From the Paper
"There were many problems darkening diplomatic relations from both Japanese and American points of view. The Japanese list of grievances included the American recognition of the Chiang Kai shek regime instead of Manchukuo in China and the American immigration policies of Asian exclusion. Above all the Japanese focused on America's huge naval expansion, which was thought to be aimed at Japan, and the embargoes which the United States had placed an American exports to Japan."

Tags:Roosevelt Hawaii, World War Two Pacific Theater Admiral Nomura Cordell Hull

Abstract
The writer characterizes her emotions seven times per day for three consecutive days, using the short version of Carroll Izard's differential emotion scale (DES). The writer analyzes her emotions in the DES' categories of interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame and guilt and then offers a brief review of the results. The writer includes a diary of emotions data collection grid.

From the Paper
"Before analyzing the result of the cataloging process, some remarks on my specific uses of Izard's emotions are necessary. Frequently, when I attempted to characterize my emotional state, the most prominent psychological and physiological state was tiredness. Although tiredness is arguably not an emotion, its effects on my mental state were pronounced and so I took tiredness to be a specific manifestation of distress and therefore listed distress as my primary emotion. This explains the apparently paradoxical appearance of both distress and joy at the same time several times over the course of those three days."

Tags:interest, joy, surprise, distress, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt

Abstract
This paper discusses the relationship between geotechnical engineering and civil engineering. Additionally, a brief history of geotechnical engineering is undertaken. In the end, the paper shows how the discipline has a surprisingly lengthy history and plays a pivotal role in mining, resource extraction, and construction design.

From the Paper
"This paper discusses what geotechnical engineering is and what role it plays in the present day. Furthermore, the next few pages discuss the relationship between geotechnical engineering and civil engineering. Additionally, a brief history of geotechnical engineering will be undertaken. In the end, the discipline has a surprisingly lengthy history and plays a pivotal role in mining, resource extraction, and construction design. To start things off, geotechnical engineering is the application of soil and rock mechanics - to say nothing of the principles of engineering..."

Tags:geotechnical, engineering, history

Abstract
The temptations of Jesus began after he had fasted for forty days, so it is not surprising that Satan first tempted Jesus to satisfy his hunger, but Jesus understood the critical issue that to satisfy His hunger under such conditions would have been contrary to God's will. Jesus responded to Satan by quoting Deuteronomy 8:3 and said, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word which proceedeth out of the mouth of God." Jesus' response affirmed that it is better to obey God's word than to satisfy human desire, and he triumphantly overcame this temptation.

From the Paper
The Temptations of Jesus: An Interpretive Analysis of Matt. 4:1-11 The temptations of Jesus began after he had fasted for forty days, so it is not surprising that Satan first tempted Jesus to satisfy his hunger, but Jesus understood the critical issue that to satisfy His hunger under such conditions would have been contrary to God's will.A'A Jesus responded to Satan by quoting Deuteronomy 8:3 and said, "Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word which proceedeth out of the mouth of God." Jesus' response affirmed that it is better to obey God's word than to

Tags:temptation, of, jesus

Abstract
This paper explains the puzzling life of Egyptian Ashraf Marwan, son-in-law of Gamal Abdel Nasser and confident of Anwar Sadat, who was also an agent of the Israeli Mossad. Next, the author explores in detail the reigns of Nasser and Sadat, the government of Israel during this period, the Six Day War of 1967, the Yom Kippur War and the Truce between Israel and Egypt. The paper concludes that, although Palestinians and Israelis have far from common interests, they could live together in peace by each accepting the other's system and solutions in favor of a truce as in the days of Sadat and Marwan.

Sources are in the footnotes.

Table of Contents:
"A Name, What's in a Name?"
The Ravensburger Jigsaw Puzzle
Yom Kippur. Erare Umanum Est. Perseverare Diabolicum. (Mistake is Human, Repeating It Is Evil)
Yom Kippur. Legacies. Gifts. New Issues and Fairytales.
Resignation
Modest Origins. Great Carrier Plans. Everything for the Country and the Arab Unity.
The 1952 Revolution and the Rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser
Arab-Israeli Conflicts
The Six Day War of 1967
The Years through 1973
The Next President. Expectations and Fulfillment at Home and Abroad
Political Legacy
Relationship with the People
Relationship with the Media
Relationship with the Cabinet Members
Relationship with his Family
People's View of Sadat until 1973
Relations with Arab leaders, the US and the Soviets
Sending Home 1,500 Soviet Advisors
Bellicose Statements and Peace Treaties with Israel
Leadership Style
Comparison to Nasser
Yom Kippur. Sadat, Marwan and Loose Ends
SIGINT, HUMINT, a Whole Universe of INT-Elligence. Unknown Soldiers on their Own
Peace at Last. But for How Long?
Introduction (Chapter Summary)
Discussions after Yom Kippur
Intermediaries, Mediators and the Role of the United States
The Stand of the Soviet Union
The Stand of the Arabs
The Surprise Visit to Israel
Sadat's Speech
The Signing of the Peace Treaty
"Death Comes as the End" (Agatha Christie)
Epilogue.

From the Paper
"With the end of the revolution and the overthrowing of the king, control of the Egyptian state was taken by General Neguib, the main leader of the revolution. According to Haikal, Nasser let someone else officially take the leadership due to his modesty and the fact that his ambitions were far from being in he spot lights. This is, of course, the slightly romanticized version of the historic figure. There are probably different explanations for his decision not to step up yet that are much more likely to have something in common with the practical and also tactical considerations on Nasser's part. The general however lacked the qualities of a good leader and resigned from his Prime Minister function two years later. The position was then assumed by Nasser, who, in 1956, became the President of Egypt. From that point on, Nasser started a political career as a controversial Arab leader, the father of a young republic as the form of government for an independent Egypt and also the founder of the United Arab Republic, which had however a short-lived existence.
"Nasser began his carrier in politics once the group of the Free Officers was created, in 1949. He was the author and the leader of the group which enjoyed an open minded leading style since the group decisions were always taken after strong debates at the leadership level."

Tags:businessman, missions, credibility, leadership, ceasefire

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the 'Iran hostage crisis' refers to the events following the seizure of the American embassy in Iran on November 1979 by militant students during which 52 U.S. diplomats were held hostage with the Iranian regime's consent for 444 days in contravention of all diplomatic norms. The writer notes that the crisis had a profound effect on US-Iran relations reverberations of which can still be felt today in a highly strained relationship. The writer discusses that it also influenced the domestic politics of both countries in no uncertain terms: helping the radical Iranian clergy led by Ayatollah Khomeini to consolidate its power in the early days of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, and contributing to a large extent in the decisive defeat of President Jimmy Carter in the November 1980 US Presidential elections. This paper gives the background and a brief overview of the crisis, analyzes its causes and explains the effect it had on the Carter Presidency.

Outline:
Background
The Embassy Take-over
Surprise for the Americans
Options for the Carter Administration
The Effect on Carter's Popularity
The Disastrous Rescue Attempt
The October Surprise

From the Paper
" The actual seizure of the American Embassy took place on the morning of November 4, 1979 that had been proclaimed as the National Students Day to honor the students who had been gunned down by the Shah's police the previous year. Thousands of students gathered outside the embassy shouting the customary anti-Shah and anti-US slogans and at first, it seemed to be a customary demonstration which had become a routine since the Iranian Revolution until a large group of students poured through the main gate of the compound and started to scale the embassy walls. Despite the best efforts of the embassy staff to prevent the takeover, the students soon overwhelmed the sixty-five Americans inside the embassy and took them hostage. Even though both the captors and the hostages had expected the seizure to be a short-term affair, the crisis proved to be a long-drawn out affair that lasted for more than a year and was mainly responsible for reducing the Carter presidency to a single term."

Tags:Khomeini, pressure, embassy, Ayatollah

Abstract
Moral development in the classroom remains a crucial component of our nation's educational system. With occurrences such as the Columbine school shooting, continual reports on student teacher affairs, issues such as teen pregnancy, and drug abuse, it is no surprise that America feels that children are lacking moral development in the classroom. This paper explains that although critics may argue that moral development begins at home, moral development should coincide in the classroom, as well. It concludes that since students spend a huge portion of their day in a classroom environment, it only makes sense that classrooms promote morality and ethicality.
Moral Development
What is Morality Good For?
Teachers
Three Classroom Settings
What Constitutes a Moral Environment?
What is meant by a Moral Child?
Philosophy of Morality
Virtue Ethics: Benefits and Drawbacks
What is Meant by Wrong?
Religion
Community
Who has the Final Say in Morality?

From the Paper
"What exactly is moral development? Well, basic human nature is naturally good. Human nature often leans toward the good in every situation and prefers the good to the bad, for the most part. Plato in his Symposium described his "Staircase of Love Theory," in which he formulated the notion that the notion that human beings are attracted to the good the same way the lover is attracted to the beloved. Just as physical limbs and mental and social capacities are developed, so is morality. Both individually and socially the human being matures his moral conscious and character (Reimer, 1979). "

Tags:violence, education, teacher

Abstract
This paper explains that the eastern front of the Second World War is often overlooked by Western historians; however, the fierce battles and enormous amount of blood spilled between Russia and Germany during this time is almost unfathomable by modern standards of warfare. The author points out that some of the most brutal fighting of World War II took place in the modern-day Ukraine, which was targeted by Hitler because of its strong industrial and agricultural base. Additionally, he sought to misdirect Soviet forces from the Baltic States to the Ukraine further in the south. The paper relates that the physical geography of the eastern front made holding strategic locations difficult; the sprawling, open nature of the land generated a situation in which deception and surprise were minimal and thus, casualties were considerable.

From the Paper
"While the southern and central portions of the nation are densely populated and have varied geographies, northern Poland is more sparsely populated and almost uniform in its physical characteristics. The climate is generally cool and similar to that in central North America. The average temperature in the summer is between 60 F and 70 F, while the winter average is about 30 F. It has the capacity to reach very cold temperatures, and can be quite unaccommodating to massive military forces. Unfortunately, this climate was not enough to stop Russian and German armies from ravaging Poland's countryside. "Geographically, Poland stood as a tasty morsel between the jaws of Germany and Russia. An agricultural nation with no natural barriers or frontiers, Poland could not, like Switzerland, look to the mountains, money, or a strong industry for protection.""

Tags:poland, ukraine, russia, casaulties, mud

Abstract
In the Battle of Midway, a combination of factors worked that led to the victory of the United States. This paper shows that two factors were critical in the four-day (4-7 June 1942) battle. First, by breaking Japanese naval codes, the United States eliminated the possibility of surprise attacks by the Japanese. Second, the United States adopted a simple plan that embarked on a single objective of holding Midway.

Abstract
The paper relates that Muhammad was a monotheist who preached against the polytheism of the Meccan religion. This aroused the hostility of the merchant leaders of his native city who derived their wealth from pilgrimages to Mecca and its surrounding cities. The author points out that the early Muslim community and its Prophet Muhammad believed that the people of the early Muslim community could trace their contract with Allah (Jehovah) back to the Jewish Patriarch Abraham; however, the Muslims believed that God commanded Abraham to sacrifice Ishmael instead of Isaac. The paper relates that it may not be an accident that the Qur'an has two distinct voices because, in Mecca, Muhammad was a rebel but in Medina he was head of state; the early Meccan verses, which were those recited while his new religion was being formed, are concern mainly religious dogma; while as, in the Medina verses, Allah took a surprisingly detailed interest in the day-to-day problems of Muhammad's community.

From the Paper
"Few other religions sanction a man's beating a disobedient wife, as does the Qur'an. But other rules, such as his ban on a woman's being "inherited" as chattel by her late husband's eldest son, were decidedly progressive for the era and remained so relative to the West until the twentieth century. While Allah in his revelations to Muhammad limited to four the number of wives a man could take -- excluding God's Messenger, of course, who was permitted to marry for reasons of state and had at least nine wives (at least one of them a converted Jew) and a Christian concubine when he died -- he did not restrict the number of a man's concubines or slaves. (Slavery in Saudi Arabia was abolished de jure only in 1962). But Allah required that men treat their wives equally, that women retain their own wealth, and that they be permitted under certain conditions to ask a judge to order their husbands to divorce them (men could end marriages at will) -- all progressive measures compared to the practices of pre-Islmaic society, the jahiliyya."

Tags:monotheist, jewish, qur'an, dogma, women