Abstract Datavisualization is the use of interactive, sensory representations, typically visual, of abstract data to reinforce cognition. That, in itself, is a method or technique of decision-making. To further break it down, the most popular and widely used tool of datavisualization is the pie chart. This paper presents an introduction of the pie chart and it's most common applications. It explains when it should and should not be used and provides examples in color.
From the Paper "Pie charts work well when the values of the percentages of the whole differ greatly from each other. In other words, you do not want your pie values to be within one or two digits from each other, which would be indistinguishable on the chart to the naked eye. Another moniker for pie charts is: do not use a pie chart when there are more than six parts to the whole. Having too many values for comparison on the chart will distract from the clear simplistic message and instead offer a complex confusing assortment of data."
Abstract The paper discusses sex differences in visual spatial learning and memory and notes that few studies can explain the causes for these differences and what can effectively alter the results. The paper presents a literature review on this issue and discusses the following queries: (a) At what age do the sex differences occur? (b) Are the sex differences consistent over time? (c) Are the sex differences consistent across species? (d) And is there a relation of physiological behaviors to the difference in visual-spatial abilities?
Outline:
Introduction
What is Visual Spatial Memory?
How Does One Test Visual Spatial Memory?
Background
Current Findings
Beginning Hormonal Research
Animal Findings
Humans
Motivational Studies
Conclusion
Proposed Future Studies
From the Paper "Males tend to have a more right hemisphere visual-spatial focus than their female counterparts. Females tend to have a more bi-laterally activated visual-spatial memory. These differences have been attributed to an ecological approach, which explains that women developed a need for more verbal abilities in Broca's area, while males needed to focus on the hunting aspect survival and developed a larger area in the hippocampus and para-hippocampal area devoted to visual-spatial abilities. This fact holds true for all species that have been studied in relation to visual-spatial learning and memory. It is widely accepted to be located specifically in the hippocampus of both humans and animals. Spatial tasks are performed through the right parietal regions across these species."
Abstract This is a proposal for a process change project (initially a pilot project) to better equip nurses to deal effectively with the visually impaired. The paper discusses the implications of being visually impaired and notes that this is a growing population with a grossly under reported incidence of visual impairment and often blindness due to aging and accompanying diseases that affect the elderly. Risk of accidents, such as hip fractures from falls, are suggested as part of the reason for the proposed pilot project. Lewin process change theory is highlighted.
From the Paper "According to the American Foundation for the Blind, approximately 10 million individuals are visually impaired. ("Statistics," 2005). The visually impaired create numerous challenges for nursing and other healthcare practitioners that most institutions are not prepared to deal with. While visual impairment can strike individuals of any age; an estimated 5 million individuals aged 65 or older not residing in nursing homes are visually impaired either directly as a result of the aging process or as a result of diseases, such as diabetes, which affect vision ("Statistics," 2005), with 1 million reported as severe impairment. 26% of all nursing home residents are visually impaired: 3% are blind, 6% as severely impaired and over 16% considered impaired ("Statistics," 2005). Older individuals are also at a higher risk of serious injury based on their visual impairment. As a result, this population is more likely to require medical attention.."
A look at the need to devise teaching and learning strategies which avoid any barriers to accessing knowledge and information for visually impaired children.
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of legislation on the shape of educational services for students with visual impairments. The writer points out four child development theories that are most frequently used to support the practice of early education. The paper also explores support systems for children and parents as well as environmental issues for visually impaired children.
From the Paper "Students who are blind or visually impaired have received educational services for many years. The first of these services were provided by men and women who, despite the prevailing attitudes and practices of their day, believed that children who were blind were capable of success in education and in life. These early pioneers and the countless others who have come after them have provided a rich, solid foundation for the education of visually impaired students. (Holbrook, Koenig, 2000). Nowadays, students who have very low vision and even those who are blind, usually attend regular classes, although they will require various types of support. This may include specialized lighting and equipment, and the assistance of a teacher's aid. Most school systems have procedures for providing materials in large print or Braille, and computers have hugely increased the access of blind students to a whole range of resources (Foreman, 2001)."
Abstract This paper discusses issues related to the visual structure of the film, "Godfather part II." It provides a description of the plot and themes and looks at pictorial narrative, pictorial framing and lighting.
From the Paper "Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather Part II carries the story of The Godfather both backward and forward in time beginning in Sicily where the young boy ..."
Tags: Godfather, Part, II, film, visual, structure
Abstract Data mining has become a very important concept today and is used by companies all over the world to increase their profits and target the right market. The paper talks about the different aspects of data mining, tools used, and future trends in data mining. Data mining benefits are discussed in detail, and an entire discussion related to the trends in data mining is presented.
1-Background
2-Introduction
3-Data Mining Growth and Tools
4-The Data Mining Process
5-Data Mining Market Place Trends
6-The Data in Data Mining and Meta Data 7-Types of Data Mining Problems
8-Privacy and Ethical Sensitivity in Data Mining Results
9-Future Prospects of Data Mining
10-Works Cited
From the Paper "Data, particularly in the vast diversity and immense quantity that it is available to modern business, was till recently almost very hard to find and understand. Yet, the comprehension of data is the most crucial step to extracting the knowledge that it contains. The scenario has drastically changed today where data is much more easily available and has become more "meaningful" with the utilization of Data Mining. Today, technology offers business managers powerful new tools for gleaning knowledge from data-the essentials of data mining. Data mining has become increasingly important to mainstream companies to become more competitive both in their workings and their customer based relationships. Data mining, as such is of great interest because it is imperative for organizations to grasp the competitive value of information contained within their data repositories. There are a number of pertinent benefits of data mining. First of all, data mining provides the tools and techniques that are essential for optimization of customer relationships. Secondly, data mining provides an automatic method of discovering patterns in data. Thirdly, but not the least, data mining tools can identify the relationships that are actually present in historical data."
Abstract The paper discusses how the many advances in data and text mining are already revolutionizing the librarian profession. The paper explores how the ability of data mining tools to extract, transfer and load (ETL) massive amounts of data at a single time, is changing how all tasks in an organization get completed.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Content Integration Is Key
Data Mining
i) Principles of Data Mining
ii) Data Mining Timeline
Data Mining Implications for Librarianship
Text Mining
i) Text Mining Timeline
ii) Data Mining versus Text Mining
iii) Mining Blogs: An Example of How Text Mining Works
Text Mining Implications for Librarianship
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the intersection of text mining, linguistic analysis, statistical analysis, and latent semantic indexing techniques (Wikipedia Latent Semantic Indexing 2006). is the future of text mining that has the power to discover and report trending in highly unstructured content. At the center of text-mining's' rapid growth is the increasing sophistication of Natural Language Processing (CRM Buyer 2005). IBM and their significant research efforts in natural language processing are well documented on their website, as are the efforts and investments Microsoft is making."
Tags: latent, semantic, indexing, clustering, hosted, applications, Island, Data, Attensity
Abstract This paper relates that the use of data mining, its adjunct technologies for text mining and the ability to interpret, analyze and create linguistic models from unstructured content is revolutionizing the concept of data mining away from being purely used for structured content in data warehouses to now encompass unstructured content found throughout organizations globally.
The paper then provides insights into various areas of data mining, and the currently high levels of growth analytics use and applications software are experiencing as a result.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Using Data Mining in Business Research
Exploring the principles of Data Mining in Business Research
Predictive Methods in Data Mining
From the Paper "A second predictive approach is called deviation detection. The purpose of this method is to discover the most significant changes in data from previously measured or median values. An example of the type of use for this predictive approach would be the development of strategies for selling tickets to frequent flyers who booked months in advance versus those that consistently book within a few weeks of their departure. A third approach to using data mining to predict future outcomes is using the classification approach, or technique. This predictive approach of classification uses a collection of records (training set) -- each record contains several attributes, one of them is the class (Ng & Han, 10). The task is to find a model for the class attribute as a function of other attributes, so, after that, previously unknown records can be assigned a very accurate class."
Abstract The paper explains that data mining is a process whereby enterprises or organizations in any industry approach their respective data and databases in a more constructive and targeted manner to produce actionable business strategies. As some researchers have observed, data mining and data warehousing are becoming more prevalent because of the large quantities of data stored in various systems and the number of business decisions made based on the data.
From the Paper "Thus, data mining and data mining techniques have risen to prominence with the elevation in importance of databases and, more recently, the development of data warehouses that have changed the complexion of industry in all sectors. Data mining and data warehousing solutions have been especially important in customer relations management (CRM) and in the healthcare industries for example."
Abstract This paper describes that data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. The paper then goes on to describe how computers store the said data in terms of binary data presentations using Boolean logic. Furthermore, the paper describes data in the form of bits, along with converting binary data into decimals. Lastly, the paper talks about a computer's physical memory, which is based on one of two systems: (1) Random access memory (RAM), or (2) Read-only memory (ROM), and goes on to talk specifically about different coding systems.
From the Paper "Data directly supported by CPU are called primary data type or machine data type computers. CPUs also process complex data type such as string, array, text files, databases, and image data such as MP3, jpeg, and mpeg. However, 64-bit and the 128-bit use different math functions in order to maintain portability. In each case, there is a signed and unsigned integer type associated with each. Excess notation is a format that is used to represent a signed integer and represents numbers in order and at the transition point; the high-order bit is set at zero. This represents the excess number. Positive numbers are above in order, negative below (Burd 78). Zero represents the excess identifier therefore; the excess 16 notation shows the value for zero is the bit pattern for 16 that is 10000."
Tags: RAM systems, data structure, software, boolean logic, memory
Abstract This paper explores data warehousing in terms of data mining with intelligent agents such as bots and ants and clarifies the ethical dilemma posed by the use of such data.
From the Paper " Data warehousing is no longer simply a storage system for data. Today's data warehousing involves innovative technological software, automated agents known as intelligent agents robots-or bots and ants. These agents ..."
Abstract This paper considers key factors regarding data warehousing. It looks at the goal of data warehousing and the differences of data warehousing and relational databases.
From the Paper "Data warehousing is particularly popular in environments which have complex data requirements and a broad spectrum of data types contained in its database. The goal of data warehousing is to take full advantage of the power of hardware to contain large quantities of data and use the databases to manipulate that data. Although not yet implemented across all computing environments data warehousing is becoming popular as hardware becomes more powerful and cost effective..."
Tags: distributed data warehousing systems, data warehouses
Abstract This paper discusses three articles on data collection and analysis tools and their applications. This includes data mining, data warehousing and software packages used in the collection. This paper also analyzes the needs of the business upon which the correct data collection and analysis tools are selected.
From the Paper "Business today has more and more need for external consultants to use data collection and analysis tools in order to make assessment of business operations and processes. Many of the methods used today are computer-based, including software that does much of the job but still requires an able human operator to make decisions and input the correct information. Various analysts have made assessments of these methods to see how they are used and how effective they may be. Such tools are also used for analyzing performance in education, for assessing public programs, and for other tasks requiring a decision as to the value of a program or process. Bielski (2001) discusses the use of CRM, or Customer Resource Management system, which is used to track customer purchases while providing access to customer information using the computer. "
Abstract This paper examines data mining in e-commerce and discusses the various types of modeling used to make the data meaningful to e-tailers. The advantages and pitfalls of data mining and an explanation of how it has transformed e-commerce are detailed. The paper includes an abstract and table of contents.
From the Paper "Data mining as applied to e-commerce is a breakthrough technology that can gather information in an automated fashion and build models used to predict customer purchasing decisions with remarkable accuracy ..."
Tags: e-commerce, Internet, data mining, personalization, logistic regression
