Abstract The paper examines the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and looks at how the United States' information systems fail to meet the tests of universality and of platform and operating systems compatibility. The paper then looks at how border security and the war against bioterrorism have been facilitated by cutting-edge technologies that are compromised by the same interoperability issues. The paper concludes that the failings of the DHS is proof that a more streamlined, centralized data-gathering and data-exchange process is needed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Information Systems and Standards Universality, Oversight and Compatibility: the Case of the United States Government
Federal Information Systems and the Border
A brief Look at Federal information Systems and Bioterrorism
Future Vision
Conclusions/Summary
From the Paper "A Government Accountability Office Study conducted in June of 2005 found many problems with the information system in place at the Department of Homeland Security - problems that clearly reveal logistical and planning problems that must be overcome both in the public and in the private realms if the terrorist threat is to be appreciably reduced. To begin with, if the DHS is to be held up as an example, the United States government has done a desultory job of putting in place universal information security practices and controls. Things like a proper risk assessment, security plan, a regime of security tests and evaluations, remedial action plans, and a structure for the continuity of operations have (in one way or another) fallen short of expectations or have simply been absent (Government Accountability Office, 2005)."
Abstract This paper is discusses the foreign exchange market, looking at how one enters the foreign exchange market, what kind of exposure encountered there as a business, how it relates to currency trading, and the problems often encountered within the foreign exchange market. The paper also includes a discussion of the pros and cons of foreign exchange.
From the Paper "According to Warren Reeves in his book, "Accounting", foreign exchange rate can be defined as the price of one currency expressed in terms of another. The foreign exchange market makes it possible for international trade to be accomplished more efficiently than barter. Because each nation uses its own monetary unit people in one country, who want to purchase something in another country must exchange their own currency for the other to accommodate the transaction. The foreign exchange market is where one nation's currency is traded for another..."
Abstract This paper examines the exchange rate in Australia and its effects on the overall economy of the country. The author looks at the fluctuations and the economic conditions that impact the exchange rate and the advantages and disadvantages of fixed and floating exchange rates.
From the Paper "Prior to December 1971, the value of $A was pegged to the value of the pound sterling. From December 1971 to September 1974, the value of the $A was pegged to the value of the US dollar. From September 1974 to November 1976, the value of the $A was pegged to a trade-weighted index on a basket of currencies. Since November 1976 to December 1983, the exchange rate for Australia dollar was determined by the Trade-Weighted index [TWI], but additional fluctuation was incorporated when economic conditions required them. Unfortunately, the main criticism of the TWI was that it did not make the allowances for capital movements in and out of the economy. "
Abstract When the American federal government set up the Securities and Exchange Commission - to reassure investors that they might safely put their money into American companies - after the Great Depression, it accepted its fundamental responsibilities to protect its citizens from at least some of the buffets of historical and economic change. This paper explores both those immediate and long-term effects of the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
From the Paper "The SEC has been able to function most effectively when the administration in office shared this basic progressive stance with Roosevelt. It has fared considerably less well during those historical eras when the part in power in the White House has believed in the gods of market forces. Neither Ronald Reagan nor George Bush believe in the same way that FDR did that businesses should be constrained so that they are forced to act morally and for the public good."
Abstract This paper compares exchange rates between Australia, Great Britain, and Japan from February 28th, 2003 and August 28th, 2002. Analysis of where a company could focus its export business based on past, current and 180 days forward exchange rate trends and other factors is then examined. Finally, a memorandum to convince management that establishing an export business to one of the countries is a good idea is included. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper "A basic precept of economic theory is that currency depreciation encourages exports and improves a nation's trade balance. (Blaine, 1996) However, currencies began to float freely, more or less, in 1973 thus causing the link between exchange rates and trade flow to become very tenuous. (Blaine, 1996). The rapid increase in international capital flows is one reason attributed to this tenuous condition; capital flows are much more sensitive to minor changes in exchange rates compared to trade flows, especially in the short run. Therefore countries that attempt to boost exports by making their currencies weaker can experience negative results such as large inflows of foreign direct investment, large outflows of foreign portfolio investment and domestic flight of capital. (Blaine, 1996) The growing importance of multinational corporations in determining international trade patterns is another factor. Global production and distribution networks act to replace exports from the home countries of the multinationals thus replacing exports with local production in foreign markets."
Abstract This paper discusses the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar exchange rate and exchange rate theories in the past five years. The paper suggests reasons for these fluctuations and the advantages and disadvantages of this to foreign investors. It also suggests reasons that the U.S. dollar did not plummet, as could have been expected, after certain national disasters of the past five years.
From the Paper "Exchange Rate Theories and the U.S. Dollar Exchange rates of the United Sates dollar are currently high due to the fact that foreign investors are purchasing more American money than was previously believed possible. Hurricane Katrina, as well of the terrorist bombings of September 11th, 2001, made many within financial markets believe that the exchange rate of the dollar would plummet due to U.S. domestic problems. However, the current exchange rate is the highest it has been in years, with foreign investment firms continually buying dollars to pay for goods. It is also evident that foreign investors are purchasing U.S. goods more rapidly than in previous years, also a contradiction to what financial experts believed was possible after 9/11. The disastrous events did, however create a period of time in each case in which the U.S. dollar dropped significantly in value, and goods were slow to move into the market."
Abstract This paper discusses how an exchange rate, in terms of the Canadian economy, is the value of the Canadian dollar as compared to the currencies of other countries (Bank of Canada website). The exchange rate has many functions, including the determination of the cost of imported goods and the money Canada receives for exported goods. The paper further discusses how in real terms, when the value of the Canadian dollar drops, imported goods become quite expensive. In effect, the volume of Canadian imports is reduced. However, when this occurs other countries pay less for Canadian products and export sales in the nation are increased (BOC).
Abstract Reciprocity in societies, especially in tribal societies, holds a lot of significance. This paper focuses on the importance of mutual exchange. The author investigates this phenomenon in different societies and the significance it holds.
From the Paper "Gift giving is a classic example of reciprocity: gifts can cement relationships, confer prestige and obligate subordinates. Marcel Mauss called gift exchange a total social phenomenon because of its many dimensions: economic, legal, religious, spiritual and moral. Gifts are also a means of sustaining long distance relationships or connections and may be benevolent, aggressive or manipulative: they can unite, antagonize or subjugate. Whether we recognize and admit it or not, there are always strings attached to gift giving which affect the way people and groups relate to each other."
Abstract This paper examines the qualities of Argentina's exchange rate and whether these properties have been good for the economy or not. It looks at factors such as it being a fixed rate vs. a floating rate and how each of these are better in certain economic conditions.
From the Paper "The country of Argentina has over the past several months seen the endemic problems that is has had with its economy over the past years (and even decades) burgeon into a crisis, resulting in the devaluation of its currency, the closing of many schools, a crisis in confidence by both Argentineans and people in many other countries, and substantial political upheaval as the government has repeatedly - and rapidly - changed hands. The causes for the country's economic failure are complex and interlinking: This paper examines one of the most important causes, which is the country's exchange rate."
Tags: currency, foreign, exchange, rate, floating, fixed, Argentina
A look at how China uses its foreign exchange rate to make it difficult for foreign goods and imports to penetrate the Chinese market while simultaneously encouraging foreign investment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 3 sources, 2006, $ 62.95
Abstract This research examines the supposition that China utilizes its foreign exchange rate to erect an effective barrier to foreign imports of goods and services while it encourages foreign direct investment. The strategy China employs to expand its export market and minimize its import market is simple but effective and not as blatantly antagonistic as an outright tariff on imports or imposition of quotas on imported goods.
Abstract Data mining has become a very important concept today and is used by companies all over the world to increase their profits and target the right market. The paper talks about the different aspects of data mining, tools used, and future trends in data mining. Data mining benefits are discussed in detail, and an entire discussion related to the trends in data mining is presented.
1-Background
2-Introduction
3-Data Mining Growth and Tools
4-The Data Mining Process
5-Data Mining Market Place Trends
6-The Data in Data Mining and Meta Data 7-Types of Data Mining Problems
8-Privacy and Ethical Sensitivity in Data Mining Results
9-Future Prospects of Data Mining
10-Works Cited
From the Paper "Data, particularly in the vast diversity and immense quantity that it is available to modern business, was till recently almost very hard to find and understand. Yet, the comprehension of data is the most crucial step to extracting the knowledge that it contains. The scenario has drastically changed today where data is much more easily available and has become more "meaningful" with the utilization of Data Mining. Today, technology offers business managers powerful new tools for gleaning knowledge from data-the essentials of data mining. Data mining has become increasingly important to mainstream companies to become more competitive both in their workings and their customer based relationships. Data mining, as such is of great interest because it is imperative for organizations to grasp the competitive value of information contained within their data repositories. There are a number of pertinent benefits of data mining. First of all, data mining provides the tools and techniques that are essential for optimization of customer relationships. Secondly, data mining provides an automatic method of discovering patterns in data. Thirdly, but not the least, data mining tools can identify the relationships that are actually present in historical data."
Abstract The paper discusses how the many advances in data and text mining are already revolutionizing the librarian profession. The paper explores how the ability of data mining tools to extract, transfer and load (ETL) massive amounts of data at a single time, is changing how all tasks in an organization get completed.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Content Integration Is Key
Data Mining
i) Principles of Data Mining
ii) Data Mining Timeline
Data Mining Implications for Librarianship
Text Mining
i) Text Mining Timeline
ii) Data Mining versus Text Mining
iii) Mining Blogs: An Example of How Text Mining Works
Text Mining Implications for Librarianship
Conclusion
From the Paper "At the intersection of text mining, linguistic analysis, statistical analysis, and latent semantic indexing techniques (Wikipedia Latent Semantic Indexing 2006). is the future of text mining that has the power to discover and report trending in highly unstructured content. At the center of text-mining's' rapid growth is the increasing sophistication of Natural Language Processing (CRM Buyer 2005). IBM and their significant research efforts in natural language processing are well documented on their website, as are the efforts and investments Microsoft is making."
Tags: latent, semantic, indexing, clustering, hosted, applications, Island, Data, Attensity
Abstract This paper relates that the use of data mining, its adjunct technologies for text mining and the ability to interpret, analyze and create linguistic models from unstructured content is revolutionizing the concept of data mining away from being purely used for structured content in data warehouses to now encompass unstructured content found throughout organizations globally.
The paper then provides insights into various areas of data mining, and the currently high levels of growth analytics use and applications software are experiencing as a result.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Using Data Mining in Business Research
Exploring the principles of Data Mining in Business Research
Predictive Methods in Data Mining
From the Paper "A second predictive approach is called deviation detection. The purpose of this method is to discover the most significant changes in data from previously measured or median values. An example of the type of use for this predictive approach would be the development of strategies for selling tickets to frequent flyers who booked months in advance versus those that consistently book within a few weeks of their departure. A third approach to using data mining to predict future outcomes is using the classification approach, or technique. This predictive approach of classification uses a collection of records (training set) -- each record contains several attributes, one of them is the class (Ng & Han, 10). The task is to find a model for the class attribute as a function of other attributes, so, after that, previously unknown records can be assigned a very accurate class."
