Abstract
The reliability and validity of the 40-yard dash test is examined in this paper. The paper explains how the dash is regularly used to predict football performance, and yet is not reliable in the hands of different administrators, or different timing methods, and its validity has never been proven.

From the Paper
"Athletes are subjected to the dash test to assess their talent, identify areas in need of improvement and set specific goals related to their performance and to evaluate progress. For these tests to have meaning, they must have reliability and validity. In terms of reliability, they must give consistent results from one administration of a test to the next, and they must give results which are consistent from one tester to another. Reliability measures consistency so that people taking the test on two different occasions should..."

Tags:40-yard dash, reliability, validity, football

Abstract
Damon Dash rose from the streets of Harlem, New York to head one of the most diversified companies ever founded in the Unites States. This paper traces how Dash took a took the Roc-A-Fella brand from small time to the spotlight while branching out into the clothing and beverage industries. It also covers Dash's contribution to social issues such as inner-city education.

From the Paper
"Aside from the music, Dash's most profound business decision was the creation of Roc-A-Wear, a clothing line that began by catering to the urban Hip Hop culture. Since then Roc-A-Wear has branched out to more casual and formal lines and expanded to include shoes, accessories, and even baby clothing. The clothing line has since reached epic proportions and in 2003, after only 4 years of existence, grossed over $500million. Not even Tommy Hilfiger, Sean Combs, or Ralph Lauren could take those bragging rights."

Tags:hip-hop, nyc, Roc-A-Wear, Armadale

From the Paper
" "Rosa Lee" written by Leon Dash, investigative reporter for The Washington Post, chronicles four years in the life of Rosa Lee Cunningham's poverty stricken family in Washington, D.C. It is, in essence, a list of events that occurred between the years of 1991 and 1994 to Rose Lee, the 52-year-old link between a rural generation of sharecroppers and the growing urban under-underclass who survive through their "street smarts." Rosa Lee exemplifies the fact that in America the cycle of abject poverty and violence is an endless and continual spiral downward.
Dash describes his chronicle as a "close-up look at the interrelationships among racism, poverty, illiteracy, drug use, and crime, and why these problems sometimes persist from generation to generation (Dash, 1997, p. 7)."
The book is a stark, frightening example of crime and drugs as a.."

Tags:NON-FICTION RACISM, race

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between Rosa Lee and her daughter, Patty as described in Leon Dash's ""Rosa Lee: a Mother and Her Family in Urban America." Like her mother, Patty is a heroin user as well as a prostitute. The paper traces the reasons for these choices that Patty made and how her relationship with her mother shaped her path. The paper additionally cites research articles which support the belief that the dynamics of family life may significantly contribute to addictive behavior. The reviewer concurs with author Dash by stating the only treatment that will lead to any success with Patty will involve both the use of medication--methadone, most likely--and the establishment of relationships with individuals who do not partake in the use of heroin and do not tolerate its use in her.

From the Paper
" In many cases, and certainly in Patty's case, the dynamics of family life contribute most significantly to the subject's addictive behavior: "Even though its values are largely shaped by the surrounding subculture, the family plays an integral role in shaping the attitudes of its members toward drug abuse," (Schlaadt 12). Typically, family settings within which drug abuse is common or accepted facilitate the spread of that practice to other family members. This was clearly the case in Patty's introduction to heroin. Patty was first exposed to the drug by watching her brother and his girlfriend while hiding in his closet: "After Ronnie pushed the liquid into his vein, she watcher her brother's worried frown change into a look of pleasure. . . . Ronnie refused to inject her that day. But, Patty told me, 'I knew then, "Well, I'm gonna try that one day,"'" (Dash 186). One of the major problems with being introduced to such a serious drug at a young age is that the pain and suffering associated with growing-up in a drug abusing household does not simply end with childhood: "If these children survive, it follows them, particularly if they are girls, into their own adulthood. For example, many of these girls will, themselves, resort to substance abuse in adulthood," (Pagliaro 94). Depression is another major result of such a childhood. This effect can manifest itself in further drug use, or even in attempted suicide. "

Tags:Leon, Dash, Rosa, Lee, poverty, drug, addiction

Abstract
This paper looks at two specific films and their subsequent comments upon society. Firstly, it describes "Lucia" by Solas, to analyze the director's comments upon social constructs and identity. Secondly, it examines Dash's "Daughters of the Dust" in comparison to "Lucia" to address similarities in issues between these two directors. "

From the Paper
"Humberto Solas' Lucia is multiple narrative film, detailing the lives of three separate women during revolutions, who all are named Lucia. Solas' commentary regarding social class is clearly evident through his selection of the women in each vignette, as one has an upper-class standing, another middle-class, and finally a working class representative. Clips from each of the three Lucia's highlight various aspects of this director's style, commenting upon the constructs of culture, identity, and belief systems formed by social concepts. In the end of the first scene, there is an unmistakable indication of how society's social construction leads to individual identity. In its close, Lucia stabs Rafael to death, and as her personal self has been conquered by these events, is lost to her madness. Taylor eloquently writes "Lucia's madness at the end symbolizes further the powerful and ..."

Tags:dash, solas, directors

Abstract
This paper explains that the most obvious accomplishment of the film "Illusions", for which it deserves praise, is exposing the racial discrimination that existed in Hollywood in the 1940s. The author points out that the protagonist Mignon Dupree, being of African-American origin, does not look black; however, she is forced to hide who she really is in order to hold on to her position as a director's assistant, which is not an easy thing to do. The paper examines other themes of this film such as (1) the structure of Hollywood sixty years ago, which relates the history of the United States, (2) gender discrimination in the workplace and (3) the concept of war.

From the Paper
"In addition to exposing racism, Illusions deserves praise for introducing the twenty-first-century audience to the structure of Hollywood in the 1940s. Although most people today know about prejudice that existed in everyday society at that time period, Illusions challenges the audience to consider the prejudice of Hollywood. Julie Dash clearly shows that, sixty years ago, African Americans did not play much of a role in the film industry and Mignon Dupree is determined to make a difference. During a phone conversation with her mother, Mignon reveals her determination, "Mama, if it doesn't happen here first in this industry, then I don't think it will happen at all.""

Tags:hollywood, discrimination, gender, war, history

Abstract
This paper discusses how Martha Beck's "Leaving the Saints: How I Lost the Mormons and Found My Faith" is an extremely compelling, non-fictional story of a woman's spiritual journey through life. It looks at how, through the book, Martha Beck reveals some of her most horrifying life experiences, deeply guarded secrets, and the unbelievable hardships she endured while being trapped in the "life-world" religion known as Mormonism. The paper examines how Beck conveys the deep seriousness of her experiences while also adding a dash of humor as well as how Beck walks her readers through her incredible journey, which led her to overcome Mormonism, but also betray her family and faith.

From the Paper
"Martha Beck focuses her story around a conversation that she is having with her father, years after she has left the Mormon Faith. During the book she flashes back and forth to and from the conversation, while telling the story of her past at the same. One of the first events that she reflects on is her wedding day. In the Mormon faith, there is a very sacred process that young women and men are required to undergo preceding their wedding ceremony. The process takes place in the Mormon temple, and Martha chooses not to go into great detail about what she experienced in the temple because she was required to take a death vow, which involved a vivid representation of what would happen to her if she spoke of what takes place in the temple. "

Tags:Mormonism, faith, spiritual, journey

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to look at aerobic and anaerobic conditioning and exercise. Female soccer players are used for this study and the results of how well they do on specific tests are measured. The study also examines whether those that perform better on these tests are also better soccer players and concludes whether this type of training and exercise has an effect on the performance of female high school soccer players.

Introduction
Demographics
Background of the Study
Who am I as a Teacher?
How did I get to be that Way?
How did I get Here?
Personal Motivation
Rationale
Teacher Action Research
The Study
Purpose of the Study
The Research Question
What are the Issues and Concerns?
Overview
Review of the Literature
Procedures
Overview
Initial Testing
Test #1 - 1 Mile Run
Test #2 the Coopers Test
Test #3 40-yard Sprint
Test #4 300-yard Shuttle
Test #5 200-yard Dash
Test #6 400-yard Test
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Marple Newtown School District is a suburban Philadelphia school district in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in a community of approximately 35,000 people, most of who are involved in business and the professions. There are approximately 3,500 students enrolled in grade K through 12. Accelerated and advanced placement courses are offered in all academic areas. The academic curriculum of the district reflects the strength of traditional programs while meeting the changing needs of a technological society."

Tags:elective, courses, extra-curricular, activities, athletics, energy, oxygen, muscle, blood, flow, nutrition

Abstract
This paper looks at the landmark case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, which upheld a railroad segregation law, thereby approving mandated racial division. The paper explores the way this case not only legalized racial segregation, but dashed the hope of achieving civil rights for African-Americans. It discusses the consequences of the Supreme Court ruling in the case with particular attention to the "separate but equal" standard established because of the ruling. The paper explores the social, political, and psychological impact of the ruling on the African American community and American society in general.

From the Paper
"The Supreme Court case Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) marked a major turning point in American history because it legalized segregation and created an impenetrable rift between blacks and whites. The 7-1 vote by the Supreme Court upheld a Louisiana railroad segregation law, thus approving mandated racial division. However, the ruling on Plessy v. Ferguson did more than just legalize segregation; it destroyed African American hopes for civil rights, "legitimized a caste system under constitutional law," and allowed southern white supremacist governments to keep blacks from moving up in society through legislation."

Tags:southerners, racism, race, relations, black, codes, jim, crow, reconstruction, equal, rights

Abstract
Aimie and Jaguar reconstructs in extensive detail the story of one passionate relationship, between a dashing Jewish lesbian and a German housewife and mother in Berlin during 1943-44. Inge eventually introduces her own lively friends to socialize in Lilly's large apartment. With Felice it was just totally different. I felt I was both myself and Felice. By the time Felice met Lilly in late 1942 the twenty-year-old woman's situation had grown critical. Lilly and her children experienced daily bombings and lack of food, fuel, telephone and electricity. 5 pgs. .