Abstract
This paper takes a look at Islam's view on dance and music. According to the paper, although there are many groups within Islam that profess that music and dancing are forbidden, it is clear that the Qu'ran itself does not explicitly prohibit these activities. The paper goes on to say that several avenues of worship within Islam have developed into the practice of reaching God through dance or music. The paper focuses specifically on the Quwalli and the Mevelevi Order, also known as The Whirling Dervishes.

From the Paper
"More intentionally musical is the Sufic tradition of the Quwalli. Quwali means "word," and can be thought of as the physical and auditory manifestation of the divine voice. As with the Quri, the Quwallis use their voice as a tool of worship, but they move into the world of interpretation and individual expression of the words themselves. They can be likened to the Gospel singers of the Western world in this respect, though this may be a misleading comparison since the Sufi practice, from which the Quwalli find their beginnings and roots, is far more steeped in history and tradition and could be considered a more "serious" endeavor. Quwallis use the music of their voices to worship foremost, and to communicate and encourage their listeners to worship with them is a secondary concern."

Tags:Qari, God, Allah, sema, prophet, gift, worship, dance, body, Sufic, tradition

Abstract
A brief look at how several modes of Islamic art-Muslim architecture, poetry, music, and dance-reflect the basic fundamental tenets central to Islam. The paper examines the pervasiveness of Islam's Five Pillars.

From the Paper
"The Islamic faith is governed by five major tenets or pillars to which each devout Muslim must adhere; the Shahadah or two testimonies requires that a Muslim proclaim that there is no god but Allah and Muhammadis His prophet, the Salat entails five daily prayers preceded by purifying ablutions, Zakat requires mindful alms-giving to the less fortunate, Sawm refers to the mandatory act of fasting that Muslims perform during the holy month of Ramadan and the Hajj..."

Tags:Islam, Islamic, Muslim, Five pillars, tenets, architechture, poetry, Sufi

Abstract
This paper discusses Islamic art, music and dance. It presents these three aspects of Islamic art in the form of an exhibition and details the history and practices of each art form. It begins by discussing five Islamic musical instruments, then goes on to discuss Islamic views on dance and finally looks at the different cultural influences that contribute to Islamic art.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Music
Dance
Art

From the Paper
"Muslims have had different views about dancing. Throughout Islam history, there have been times of greater acceptance or rejection of dance. Some believed there should be no dancing. To others, folk dancing between the same sex is acceptable, but not between mixed couples. Also, some see dancing as a way to become closer to Allah. Sa'adi, a Persian poet wrote about a band of travelers who came upon a boy who danced beautifully. Everyone was amazed by his talents, except a man who complained that dancing was wrong. However, his camel lifted his feet in dance and threw the rider to the ground. Those around said that even God's creatures could enjoy the dance, so why not he?"

Tags:Byzantine, Assyrian, instruments

Abstract
This paper presents an account of specific elements of Senegal's culture including clothing and fashion, music, dance, film, books, food. The paper presents an overview of Senegal culture and roles of Islam and French colonialism.

From the Paper
"This research gives an account of selected attributes of Senegalese culture. The research will cover culture clothing music dance movies books and food with a view toward locating major themes evident in patterns of change and consistency in these categories ..."

Tags:Senegal, Islam

French colonialism

Cultural features

Africa

Negritude

Francophone

Abstract
The paper looks at ancient Japanese music, including the type of music known as Noo and the n mai dance drama. The paper identifies several different instruments that make up the music of traditional Japanese dance dramas and early court music and shows how Japanese music represents many changes in Japanese culture. Finally, the paper examines modern Japanese music and how karaoke may be one of the most enduring contributions Japan has made to modern music around the world.

Outline:
Ancient Japanese Music
Noo (Sometimes Called Noh)
Nomai Dance Drama
Japanese Musical Instruments
Japanese Music and Culture
Modern Japanese Music

From the Paper
"During the court music phase, several key instruments played a part in the orchestra. These included huge dadaiko drums played with large beaters, combined with smaller drums, gongs, and other drums, along with wind instruments like flutes and mouth organs, and stringed instruments, like lutes and the koto, noted below. Each of these instruments combined to create strong, often heavy rhythms that helped create the movement and performance of the dancers in their roles.
"By the fourteenth century, (the Kamakura period), musical performances became more attractive. Buddhist chanting became popular, and so did theatrical arts, such as lyrical dancing. Author Malm notes, "In general, the music of the Kamakura period is marked by a new emphasis on vocal and dramatic music" (Malm, 2000, p. 37). During this long history of development of the arts, several musical styles and performances began to develop and mature. During this time, Japan was changing from a dynasty culture to a feudalistic society led by the Shogun class, so as Japan's culture was evolving, their music was evolving as well, indicating how these two aspects of Japanese history go hand in hand.
"Then came a period of religious music, mostly Shinto and Buddhist, which included chanting and dramatic dance, which helped form the lyrical dance dramas that became so popular in the country. This religious phase indicates how music was changing as the country's culture changed and grew, and illustrates how the country's leadership influences were changing, as well."

Tags:nomai, Noo, karaoke, dance

Abstract
The paper is an in-depth study of the history of hip hop dance, from before and after the 1970s, and its effects on society. It explores how this type of dance is unlike other dance forms and the elements that make it up. There are no fixed forms to dance, but only styles. The rest is up to the dancer. It is a style of dance for all society giving the freedom to all to dance according to their desires. The paper also shows how hip hop is very much an American product. The hip hop trend enables the path for several dancers, and at the same time it also fosters and promotes more suggestive dance moves. The paper provides clear indications of the effects on culture; some hip hop is racist in theme, while others are sexist. Many hip hop musicians concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. The conclusion is that hip hop is more than just music. It is becoming the soul of pop culture as never before, and steadily moving from the street corners and music videos towards usage in the fitness centers, dance studios as well as television shows.

From the Paper
"Hip hop may be viewed as a culture and is often used to refer to commercial rap music, but hip-hop is not only music. It is loved by the American ghetto youth who claim that it is their method of self-expression and use hip hop to rise over their physical situations. The culture of hip hop has its roots based on truth, self-determination, courage and pride. This is the reason why it has grown to have its impact on almost every part of the world. (Hip-hop History) Some hip hop is racist in their themes, while others are sexist. At the same time, there are also many hip hop musicians who concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. From its early days in the US, the music is being played in projects and some underground clubs, but, now it has achieved a profile that has led to include it in the 1992 presidential debates over Sister Soljah. In the 20th Century Fox movie, Bulworth, there is Warren Beatty playing a Senator who berates his opponents using rap. Hip hop, it would seem, has become a part of our lives. (Classified Hip-Hop or I wanna blow up like Marilyn Monroe's skirt) At the same time, hip hop is not only music. This form of dancing has become very popular and this is clear from the opinions of some experts. "There's a definite surge in the white neighborhood that wouldn't necessarily be exposed to hip-hop in their everyday life," says Keith Pinto, who is an MC and hip-hop dance teacher at the Dance Attack in Los Gatos, California. "They watch MTV, see other kids doing it and want to be a part of it. You can pretty much go to any dance studio in the Bay area and they'll have a hip-hop class." (Hip-hop dance fever)"

Tags:break, dance, graffiti, rapping, afrika, bambaataa, grandmaster, flash, universal, zulu, nation, scratch, rapping, djing, don, campbellock, bboying, scooby-doos, popping, boogaloo, krump, popping

Abstract
This paper shows how music has been combined with drama and dance throughout history and across cultures. The writers takes Tchaikovsky's western-influenced ballets and compares them to the very dissimilar traditional Japanese Kabuki music. Some similarities are drawn that show how different cultures appreciate and embody the inherent drama in music. The paper includes backgrounds of Tchaikovsky, Japanese Kabuki in an historical setting, as well as full descriptions of the music. The last paragraph compares/contrasts the two, while drawing overarching conclusions about the universality of music.

From the Paper
"Since its birth, music has never been segregated out as "pure music" as the modern term now implies, with no implications attached to the sounds themselves. More often than not, there is always some sort of abstract connection made to the music, whether it is an evocation of a program, a tool for communication, a symbol of power, or a means of connecting with the spirit or the supernatural. Often, music will be used to tell a story, because of its ability to create atmosphere, manipulate moods, and even imitate concrete sounds. This ability leads to the creation of music in many categories namely music with drama, and programmatic music. Drama and music have been combined since ancient times, in the form of accompaniment or incidental music to theatrical works, or as in Western Europe, operas and ballets. Wagner himself termed his operas "music dramas", but his was definitely not the first, nor the last great marriage of the two arts. For instance, since before the seventeenth century in Japan, an art combining music, acting and dance called Kabuki has flourished. Kabuki stems from other Japanese forms called Noh and Bunraku, but whereas these two forms combine music and drama of sorts, Kabuki is by far the most lavish, and is a combination of these other two forms. Besides exhibiting far greater orchestral forces, there is also a strong emphasis on the dance. Likewise, across the continent at about the same time an art of schooled dance began in the courts in France, culminating to what we now know as ballet. Ballet itself was often found in segments of operas, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth century it became fashionable to create full-length story ballets, consisting of purely music and dancers telling a story. A prime example of the apotheosis of the ballet genre would be Tchaikovsky's popular ballets, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty, and The Nutcracker. Thus, the idea of music supporting dramatic action can be evidenced in both Japanese Kabuki, and Tchaikovsky's ballets, although both display as many striking differences as similarities."

Tags:ballet, compare, contrast, kabuki, music, tchaikovsky

Abstract
This qualitative study seeks to examine the hip-hop dance form ethnologically and from the anthropological view, through administration of a survey/questionnaire and a review of peer-reviewed literature. This study finds that hip-hop is interwoven throughout the very fabric of modern media, music and art and is an integral expression in societal interaction and expression. Hip-hop is modern and yet primitive and will be around for many years to come.

Table of Contents
Abstract
Objective
Introduction
Research Questions
Research Instruments
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Literature Review
Discussion
Conclusions
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The respondents to the data collection instrument (survey-questionnaire) were asked what was it that influenced them in listening to hip-hop music. The answers given were affirmations that imitation in society is alive and well in the present day. Because the hip-hop radio stations were readily available, the respondents state that this exposure was key in their music influences at an early age. When asked what influenced the respondents in their preference of the hip-hop dance form the answers given in unison stating that MTV was an influence and stating that imitation was the beginning of this dance form adoption by the respondents."

Tags:Dance, hip, hop, American, culture, music

Abstract
This paper explains that classically trained Jelaluddin Rumi, who was born in 1207 in the region that is now part of Afghanistan, lived most of his life in Turkey and the surrounding area. The author points out that Rumi created the Mevlevi Order of Dervishes or commonly called the Whirling Dervishes of Sufism. The paper relates that the Whirling Dervishes are most recognized for their unique dance movements, oblique body posturing, acute mental focus and their musical facility, which is said to combine to bring them closer in union to God. The author states that Rumi's poetry is regarded as the cultural epicenter of all thought, literature, dance and music in the world of Islamic aesthetics. The paper reports that the traditional approach to studying the impact of Rumi's poetry on Sufi music has been to examine the text from a critical theoretic perspective.

From the Paper
"The natural academic tendency, regardless of academic specialty, is to examine the concepts contained within the lines of verse; to question 'what is the tree of wisdom' and to ask what or how one identifies one's internal "fairy." These are important metaphysical questions that can and should be asked of the text through critical analysis. However, therein rests the academic pitfall that most researchers and even casual observers typically get trapped in: the interpretation of the text which is made even more complex in translation."

Tags:dervishes, music, transcendental, sama, aural

Abstract
This paper examines two forms of performative resistance that can be found in the African nation of Ivory Coast. The paper discusses how by expressing local religion and tradition through music and dance, the people of the country have fought both colonial Christianity and Islam from the North. The recent conflict in Ivory Coast between the Christian South and the Islamic North has also resulted in more people turning to the traditions of Getan or Ge. The paper explains that Ge is the local tradition and religion that forms the basis of the identity for many of the people of the region.

Tags:ge, resistance, ivorycoast