Abstract This paper outlines the societal costs of shoplifting and how it effects everyone involved, regardless of whether it is the consumer, the store employees, other shoppers, loved ones of the shoplifter or the shoplifter him or herself. The paper also discusses both the legal and social consequences of shoplifting. The author then asserts that ultimately, society must instruct children on the dangers of shoplifting.
From the Paper "Besides the tangible costs to society and the personal embarrassment that arises from shoplifting (even unintentional shoplifting), this activity hurts those working within the store on a bunch of different levels. A supervisor or employee who has something stolen from within his or her department feels embarrassment, too, and that discomfort is often accompanied by a sense of violation. For instance, if you have spent hour upon hour organizing your little section of the store, cataloguing everything, making sure that the prices are correct and that nothing is damaged during the course of a long day, then discovering that an item has been taken without payment is a little like having something taken from your own home. I am grateful that I have never had to go through something like this at my job, but I know people who have and I know how hurt they feel - and how they keep themselves awake at night wondering if they could have done something to prevent the situation from happening."
Abstract This short examination into Christian Aid sheds some light on how this organization goes about lessening the risks to many of these countries. It explains how it employs a proactive plan that attacks the roots of a given society, instead of a more reactive plan that is based around the production of high priced country studies that only report the damage and are not taking action to change the factors which are resulting in high reported risk for many of these countries.
From the Paper "Is risk in fact always "probability-centered" as posed by Vertzberger, or can some organizations affect change to bring about more definite and fair calculations? Christian Aid, a humanitarian organization that works in over 50 countries around the world towards improving the quality of life with special attention towards the problems of poverty and injustice is one that is deeply rooted in the political risk industry. Typically, it might be considered less important in the risk industry than the major players like the International Institute of Strategic Studies, but because Christian Aid tackles the root of the risk that is present in many of these underdeveloped countries, I suggest their role is much more integral in the prevention of these risks."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the relative merits of situational and social approaches to crime prevention. The writer takes us on an exploratory journey through the definition of each and then illustrates different situations that the approaches could be used for.
From the Paper "Crime is a topic that can make the most secure person nervous. We work hard and we have homes and the thought of someone invading our safety and security is something that can shake the most stoic amongst us. Crime prevention has become a key focus in recent years and the prevention methods have undergone serious study. Crime prevention can general be divided into two categories, social and situational. Social prevention involves neighborhood groups and other means of societal teamwork while situational prevention is about preventing a crime in one instance through private means and methods. Each approach has a place in today's society and each approach has merit. The key to the most effective prevention of crime is to understand the approaches and use them at the right time. Crime prevention that involves citizens as well as law enforcement personnel will be the key to a safer future. One of the most important aspects of crime prevention is reducing the opportunity for a crime to be committed."
Abstract This paper covers the prevention techniques of child abuse with reference to social workers and depicts the manner and scope of the programs and their success in implementation.
Abstract This paper explores when punitive damages are appropriate in products liability cases as well as the general standards of liability to be found in various American states. From there the paper reviews what factors generally determine the amount of punitive damages to be awarded and how the awards amounts vary in different parts of America courtesy of state caps placed upon the amount of punitive damages recoverable at trial.
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that it is evident that history has forced most immigrants to the US to take on the responsibility of socialization individually, without support from social organizations. The writer further relates that, in the initial mass immigration that occurred during industrialization, this philosophy lead to the formation of cultural communities across the US that worked to support cultural members and the greater social order as well. The writer then points out that, as time has progressed, however, there have been millions of immigrants that have arrived in the nation, both legal and illegal, who have relied solely on these cultural communities for socialization. Ultimately this has created a separation between cultural communities and the larger social order because there has been a lack of organizational or institutional support for immigrants. The writer then asserts that it is therefore apparent that it is time for institutions and individuals to fulfill their social contract with society and assist immigrants in becoming socialized. The writer concludes that it is only through this dual effort that one society will function for the greater good, which includes fulfilling the needs of all cultural groups and prevents segregation of cultural groups from the greater social order.
From the Paper "For example, millions of illegal immigrants are demanding that they be given their citizenship because of their extended stays within the country. This demand is supported by numerous groups within the Hispanic culture that believe that crossing the border into the United States and functioning in society without incident should be sufficient grounds for citizenship. Yet, the opposing viewpoint to this argument suggests that by offering citizenship to this population, the country is degrading the efforts of other immigrants that have followed legal pathways to becoming citizens. Clearly, the latter argument supports the intentions of society to conduct immigration through legal processes, while the initial argument supports a cultural desire that strays from the legal structure of the nation. Additionally, it should be noted that the first argument serves to separate the needs of one group from the needs of the greater society, while the second argument insists upon a universal format for immigration.
"Therefore, demanding that immigrants should be responsible for their own socialization process in which they create their own resources and opportunities is possible. However, without the support of social organizations that essentially allow for a universal understanding of American life and the American culture, individuals rely on cultural communities that support only a particular culture's way of life and not the nation."
Abstract This paper details the published research findings which state that there are four basic types of abusers. The writer of this paper explores the various theories that claim child abuse is in fact based on social, environmental and structural factors including economic status, cultural values, social isolation and lack of a community support system. The writer contends and explains why cultural norms are a significant cause of child abuse. The writer of this paper emphasizes the need for early intervention to both identify and combat cases of child abuse. The writer also stresses the importance of understanding the social causes of child abuse which can then help treat the abuser and prevent abuse from both occurring and escalating.
Table of Contents:
The Types of Abusers
The Social Systems Theory
Socialization/Role Strain Theory
The Social Interaction Theory
The Religious Theory
Other Social Phenomena
Intervention
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Research and studies on child abuse and abusers indicate there are four basic types of abuser. The "accelerator" sees the child as having some kind of negative affect. (The child may remind them of a former spouse, or be inadvertently blamed for the break-up of a relationship). The abuser may take out their anger and frustration at these situations on the child. The "mediator" has some kind of reason that rationalizes the abuse, such as Biblical passages or "folk" wisdom that seem to support some kind of harsh discipline ("spare the rod and spoil the child"). In the "brakes" abuser, the abuser cannot control their actions and impulses and so allow their impulses to rule over their common sense.
Finally, the "reinforcer" finds some kind of emotional payoff from the abuse. They feel more in control, they can ignore other problems in their life, etc."
Abstract This paper discusses the expected changes to the population and various solutions and opinions proposed by current economists, writers and politicians to prevent a threatened funding disaster of the current social security system.
From the Paper "Social Security is a popular program; it has consistently pumped out millions of monthly checks for 44 million beneficiaries, has reduced poverty among seniors by two thirds over the last 40 years and has allowed people with disabilities to make ends meet (Consumer Reports, 2000). Social Security is a genuine contributor to the sturdiness of the economic system. It's a promise to pay, secured by Treasury securities, which in turn are secured by taxpayers. The government has to use the money currently pledged for whatever the citizens decide Social Security benefits should be (Quinn and Ehrenfeld, 2000). "
Abstract This paper focuses on the crucial role that teen pregnancy prevention programs play in adolescent sexual education. The writer of this paper, details the observations and results attained from a field placement study with the Girls Inc. Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy program. This paper, written from the writer's personal point of view, discusses the controversy surrounding the effectiveness of various programs geared towards preventing teen pregnancies. The writer examines the main goals of these programs, which provide helpful intervention in the lives of the participants, yet stresses the need for improvements. This paper delves into the effectiveness of the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Education program, which was designed specifically to address various features missing in existing prevention programs. These programs generally supply the participants with the knowledge and skills necessary to address educational and career opportunities. This paper also details the findings and results of several articles and research studies pertaining to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Field Placement Observations
Article Reviews
Synthesis of Article Reviews and Field Placement
New Study
Recommendations
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Overall, my experiences with my field placement agree with many of the points in Lederman and Mian's article. The Parent-Adolescent Relationship Education (PARE) curriculum in their article shares similarities with my practical experience at the Girls Inc. Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy program. For example, both programs focus strongly on the participant's social well-being, rather than simple sex education. My practical observations at the Girls Inc. Preventing Adolescent Pregnancy program validated Lederman and Mian's assertions that such social training can be effective in helping young girls. While Lederman and Mian's article validated my experiences at an academic level, it did not give me with a real understanding of the experiences of children."
An examination of a variety of restructuring plans that could prevent the current Social Security system to experience funding shortfalls in the next decade
Abstract The following paper discusses projections that the changing demographics of the American population will cause the current social security system to experience funding shortfalls in approximately a decade. This paper discusses the expected changes to the population and various solutions and opinions proposed by current economists, writers and politicians to stave off a threatened funding disaster.
From the Paper ?Social Security is a popular program; it has consistently pumped out millions of monthly checks for 44 million beneficiaries, has reduced poverty among seniors by two thirds over the last 40 years and has allowed people with disabilities to make ends meet (Consumer Reports, 2000).Social Security is a genuine contributor to the sturdiness of the economic system. It's a promise to pay, secured by Treasury securities, which in turn are secured by taxpayers. The government has to use the money currently pledged for whatever the citizens decide Social Security benefits should be (Quinn and Ehrenfeld, 2000).However, the system is not a large bank account in which taxpayers contributions are set aside to pay them back their own money when they retire, as many Americans incorrectly assume. Although 145 million Americans pay part of every paycheck into the Social Security system, the money becomes part of a social insurance program that collects money today and uses it to pay benefits today. Economists call that "pay as you go", but it is very similar to a Ponzi scheme. Ponzi was a swindler who represented that he had a way to make money by utilizing international postal coupons to take advantage of changes in currency exchange rates.?
Abstract This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oil industry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry
Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper "Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
Tags: extinguisher, fire, oil, prevention, sprinkler, system
Abstract This paper explores the police in their role of crime prevention. It explains how effective the police are in their efforts to prevent crime and gives reasons for their shortcomings. Additionally, other roles of the police are discussed and it explores whether these roles conflict with crime prevention.
From the Paper "One of the main roles of the police is to prevent crime. The police, however, can not prevent all crime from occurring. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the police in their role of crime prevention is debatable. Throughout this paper I will explore the question of to what degree the police can prevent crime and whether this is a realistic expectation. Additionally, I will discuss authors which support my arguments as well as whether the police's role of crime prevention conflicts with other roles that the police have. Although the police are charged with the duty of crime prevention, this is often not an easy role for the police to fulfill. It is pointed out in Topic #2 - Crime Prevention Role, "the police-citizen crisis of the 1960s brought to light the inadequacy and inability of the police to fulfill their role in crime prevention."
This is a research paper done on eating disorders, focusing on the prevention of them. It involves summary of important research on the subject as well as a unique proposed study.
2,540 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 2 sources, 2000, $ 76.95
Abstract This research paper is on the success of education to prevent eating disorders. It involves both summary of important research done prior to the writing of the paper and a proposal for a new study different from research that has been done before. The author describes the effect of preventative courses on the onset of eating disorders in young adolescent girls.
From the Paper ?The course will entail several of the aspects already mentioned. It will involve education about eating disorders ? specifically what they are, exactly what people with eating disorders do, and consequences of eating disorders. Examples, testimonies and pictures of girls with eating disorders will be presented. The course will also involve instruction on maintaining a healthy diet ? the girls will receive information on what a healthy, balanced diet involves and how to follow it. In order to teach the girls about keeping a positive attitude about their bodies, leader guided discussion and personal reflection will take place. Famous role models who have overcome society's standards for the "perfect body" will be introduced (not personally). Girls will also be involved in self-esteem boosting activities.?
Abstract This paper examines the simplest way to prevent urinary tract infection.The paper further discusses the use of health determinants to determine the effectiveness of prevention.
From the Paper "Urinary tract infection is the most common nosocomial infection in hospitals and long-term care facilities. It can result from contaminated bed-sheets, floors, and bedside chairs. Three-quarters of all such infections are related to urethral catheters (Bridger, 1997). Prevention of urinary tract infections is not just a professional duty of the nurse, but also is a legal, ethical, and moral duty. "
Abstract This paper defines nosocomial pneumonia as the development of a fever, leukocytosis, purulent sputum, and new or changes to lung infiltrates on chest x-ray within 72 hours of hospitalization. The paper explains that post-operative nosocomial pneumonia is very preventable but that frequent complications can be costly and life-threatening. The paper addresses areas of improvement for the prevention of nonsocomial pneumonia, such as research, which has shown that careful pre-operative screening can identify patients who are especially at risk for developing post-surgical pneumonia. The paper also describes evidence, which shows that use of an incentive spirometer, early ambulation after surgery as well as the use of coughing & deep breathing exercises is associated with positive post-surgical health outcomes. Tables that illustrate the data are included with the paper.
Table of Contents:
Area in Need of Improvement
Evidence-Based Plan
- Table 1. Odds Ratios of Common Post-operative Pulmonary Complications
Implementation Plan for this Process Improvement
- Table 2. Pneumonia Risk Identification
- Table 3. How to Score Patients Using the Pneumonia Risk Identification Protocol
Business Case to Support Evidenced-Based Plan
- Table 4. Cost of Current Practices
- Table 5. Cost of Implementing PRIP
- Table 6. Cost-Benefit Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Currently Medicare has identified eight conditions that will no longer be reimbursed if a patient develops them during an inpatient stay. Those conditions are object left in patient during surgery, air embolism, blood incompatibility, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, pressure ulcer, vascular-catheter associated infection, mediastinitis after coronary-artery bypass grafting, and fall from bed [4]. Rosenthal wrote in October of 2007 that these eight conditions were identified after meeting several criteria including that the condition "could reasonably have been prevented through the application of evidence-based guidelines". Currently post-surgical pneumonia is not one the eight identified conditions, but as the number of Medicare participants increases and funds are strained, this preventable and costly condition could easily become next on Medicare's list of non-reimbursable conditions."
Tags: nursing, incentive spirometer use, surgical Pneumonia, business case analysis, preventative health
