Abstract
This paper describes Dadaism and Surrealism, and the integration of the two known as the Dada Surrealist Movement. The writer explains how these movements arose during the World Wars and that the combined movement effectively demonstrated in various media of the visual arts and writing the end of "civilization" as it was manifest until the World Wars. The writer also discusses what is meant by the concept of "chance" in art, and how chance was viewed by Dada artists as minimally controlled randomness, and by the surrealists as a way to access the unconscious and let it merge with the conscious in order to create the superior reality it so revered. The writer concludes that in both art movements, chance therefore played an integral role in the emergence of their respective philosophies.

Outline:
Introduction
Chance in Dadaism
Surrealism
The Element of Chance

From the Paper
"According to Harden, the Dada and Surrealist movements integrated to such an extent that they became known as the Dada Surrealist Movement. The initial aims of the Movement were far removed from the world of art, and were primarily political in nature. Being a response to the World Wars of the time, the Dada Surrealist Movement aimed to overthrow all that viewed itself as "civilized" . Indeed, this aim was focused primarily on art and the role its interpretation played in the civilized world. Ironically then, first Dada and then Surrealism sought a complete separation of art and its influences as it existed at the time. This can be seen as ironic, as both Dada and Surrealism are seen as recognized art forms today, with its influences and trappings for the contemporary artist; the very paradigm Dada Surrealism wished to overthrow."

Tags:beauty reality culture icon ideal freedom, Max Ernst, Jackson Pollock, paradigm political

From the Paper
"Jean (Hans) Arp had a long and productive career in art during which he created numerous wood reliefs, collages and sculptures. Arp was associated with such movements as Dadaism, Surrealism, and Abstract-Creationism, and he experimented with elements of chance and automatism in his works. Arp's creations shocked the world when they were exhibited for the first time in 1916. However, it can be seen that Arp was presenting an important message regarding the relationship between art and life. In particular, by using chance elements, Arp tried to remove himself from his own art and to thereby allow his works to be closer to nature. This paper will explore this theme in Arp's work, and will relate it to the ideals of the various art movements that Arp was associated with.

Jean Arp was born in 1887 in a part of France which was at ... "

Abstract
This paper discusses how the early 20th century saw a number of radical and eviscerating critiques of representational styles of art. In particular, it looks at Cubism and Surrealism and discusses how although they shared many complementary attitudes, the two movements sprung from very different artistic impulses. The paper further examines how Cubism sprang from an interest in different types of art and new concepts of geometry, space, and anatomy and how in comparison, Surrealism is linked with Dadaism, an anti-art movement that drew inspiration from parody, pastiche, and strange and arresting images that were often realistic in style and depiction.

From the Paper
"Like Picasso drew inspiration from El Greco, although they supposedly disdained all tradition in theory, many Surrealists remained profoundly influenced by artists of the past. Salvador Dali, was "inspired by the Dutch masters of the 17th century realism" in its style even while Dali used "multiple symbolic images to suggest his subconscious. His paintings were odd, influenced by his dreams" but his technique and previous study of Western art is even more evident than in Picasso's Cubist works (Historical origins of the Surrealist art movement, 2009, Art History Archive). In the Persistence of Memory, "Dali rendered his fantastic visions with meticulous verisimilitude, giving the representations of dreams a tangible and credible appearance. In what he called 'hand painted dream photographs,' hard objects become inexplicably limp, time bends, and metal attracts ants like rotting flesh. "

Tags:Picasso, Dadaism, Dali

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the myth of fun has increasingly made its way into post-modern culture. The writer points out that sometimes the fun is participatory, like the flash mob fad or creating art, while others are through watching, such as comedy. One specific form of entertainment enjoyed by many people today is spontaneous humor. The writer notes that flash mobs, a name given to a group of people that gather in a public place for a short time to do something abnormal, originated in May of 2003. The writer maintains that all of the scenarios of spontaneous humor mentioned in the paper link together. The writer notes that happenings, absurd theater, and TV comedians have origins in Dadaism, while flash mobs and other groups like them have origins in the comedians. The writer concludes that the purposeless acts are a way to voice opinion in an odd, yet amusing way; however, because it is odd and amusing it captivates and fascinates more people.

From the Paper
"The late night shows with Jay Leno, Conan O'Brien, Letterman, and other hosts are involved with spontaneous humor as well. The Leno show has segments such as having a talking photo booth where people sit in it for a wallet size photo, but the machine jokes with them about their current behavior inside the booth. People are confused and cannot understand how the machine knows what they are doing. Similarly, Leno has another skit where people at a gas pump can watch the news while pumping gas, but really the news station is watching them and will randomly converse with the person pumping their gas. People are bewildered on how the newscast can do such a thing and try to figure it out. Other times these hosts will stop people on the street and try to get them to perform something such as singing, telling a joke, or provide their insights on a certain topic. Because they are just random people on the street without preparation, the responses are often humorous."

Tags:spontaneous, fun, entertainment, comedy

Abstract
With the developments in technology, the connection between art and technology came faster than ever. This paper explores how the invention of photography affected the relationship between art and technology in the history of art. It includes genres like Impressionism, Modernism, and Dadaism, and also talks about very important figures of art history, such as Pablo Picasso, Edgar Degas, and Paul Cezanne.

From the Paper
"The first major modern technological advance that began to change the face of art was photography. Photography was invented by the French painter Louis Daguerre in 1837 and was immediately met with opposition from many in the art world. Artists had long struggled trying to capture a realistic portrait of the world around them. Now with photography, science had succeeded marvelously. Thus, the photograph introduced an era of mechanical reproducibility which challenged the accepted paradigm of artistic genius: the concept of a work of art as a unique image created by hand by a trained artist. Photography slowly began taking the jobs earlier filled by artists. It proved to be a faster and less expensive way to accurately portray the world; therefore, photography was used to take pictures of buildings and portraits where earlier an artist would have been commissioned (Wolter-Abele, 1)."

Tags:cezanne, dadists, degas, edgar, impressionism, modernism, photography

Abstract
The paper discusses the origins of the Futurist Movement whose art-work reflected the energy and the changes of the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. It shows how Norwegian Impressionist artist, Edvard Munch's "The Scream" - which relayed a message of total dread and horror that comes from trying to realize the preciousness of life in a world of carnage - laid the groundwork for the movement's message. The paper examines the work of others who identified with this movement, such as writer Filippo Marinetti and artist Marcel Duchamp. The paper also touches on the Dadaism movement which originated from refugees from WWI Germany and explores the works of several Dadaists, such as artist Jean Arp and historian Hans Richter.

From the Paper
"While Dadaism had movements all over the world, it was birthed from refugees of World War I in Zurich. The dehumanizing impact of the industrial age moved into the realm of the absurd during the Great War. No one in Germany escaped the horror of that bloody war unscathed. It was like a self-inflicted plague, not altogether unlike tuberculosis or any other disease, only making less sense. During that war was the first time that the modern implements of fighting came into use on the battlefield, and the soldier in the trenches achieved a new level of insignificance. They became canon fodder, with death often time coming from hidden mines, distant snipers, from big guns and airplanes that could only be heard and not seen. The carnage of the war and the desperation that followed clearly marked the souls of these artists. Painting landscapes made no sense in that context."

Tags:Futurism, Munch, Dada, Filippo, Marinetti, Marcel, Duchamp, Jean, Arp, Hans, Richter

Abstract
This paper details the evolution of French artistic and literary expression from before WWI to after WWII. Dadaism, Surrealism, Absurdism, and many of the famous writers of those periods are examined. The paper focuses on the works of Jean-Paul Sartre and looks at influences on his writing, as well as his impact on the Absurdist movement. The paper also analyzes some of Sartre's more famous plays and discusses his philosophy.

From the Paper
"There was a brief period of economic prosperity and progress in France, called the belle poque (beautiful epoch) before World War I in the early years of the 20th century and right before the wave of pessimism began in the 1920s (Cosper 2004). At this time, inventions like the telephone, the automobile, the airplane and the cinema refreshed modern life. Literature turned away from old styles, such as naturalism, and into the newer and more exciting forms, like cubism and bold experiments by Apollinaire. Other playwrights followed the lead of Apollinaire and introduced stage innovations, among them, Alfred Jarry with his extravagant farce in Ubu Roi in 1896 and Ubu King in 1951 and Paul Claudel. Alain-Fournier's novel, "The Wanderer", denied the limitations realists and naturalists placed on the human imagination and philosopher Henri Bergson proposed the naturalist view that human destiny was predetermined and that people had freewill and unlimited creative energy (Cosper)."

Tags:tristan, tzara, paris, nothing, breton, playwrights, camus, simone, de, beauvior, absurd

Abstract
This paper discusses the French Surrealist poet Andre Breton and analyzes how his Surrealist art philosophy influenced the art world in the twentieth century.

Tags:ART HISTORY / DADAISM, SURREALISM, breton surrealist art