Abstract
This essay examines the techniques and history of Leonardo da Vinci in regards to his application of science and perception into every aspect of art he created. The author details how da Vinci believed that acquiring scientific knowledge comes from experience and reasoning, and discusses how the artist outlined the process of knowledge acquisition which starts from the sensorial experiences, moves to the mind, and then is transferred to the hand.

From the Paper
"As Leonardo pursued both avenues of art and science, they began to filter into one another, forming a union that would define the rest of his career in all aspects of his creations. Leonardo Da Vinci developed a concept that he relayed to the world as the " science of painting." Fellow artists Piero della Francesca and Leon Battista Alberti in their analyzation of the laws of proportion and perspective, had already begun to apply mathematical formulas to painting giving steam to Leonardo's claims of painting as a science. He believed the individual's powers of perception and the brain's ability to comprehend and recreate whatever is observed, made them the best instrument through which true knowledge could be understood and reproduced.
"Leonardo began observing and sketching the world around him, filling up notebooks with organized, detailed observations, drawings and comments that would comprise the largest literary recordings of any painter in our history. He delved into a wide range of topics including botany, human anatomy, the mechanics of machines and their motion, storms and the motion and behavior of water. His empirical approaches to the study of nature already encompassed some of the key elements of what would become modern science and his graphic sketches-which he referred to as dimostrazione were a precursor of modern scientific illustrations."

Tags:esperientia painting sfumato perception renaissance artists, da vinci

Abstract
A discussion of da capo aria from Handel's "Messiah. The paper includes an explanation of the form and how it is used in the "Trumpet" aria to achieve emotional effect.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to explicate the da capo aria, a form of vocal music often found in Baroque compositions, not least those of Handel, notably in the oratorio, the "Messiah". The plan of the research will be to set forth a working definition of the da capo aria and then to discuss how it is elaborated in Baroque music in general and in Handel's music in particular, with a view toward showing the importance of the influence of the musical form on subsequent musical..."

Tags:Handel's Messiah, The Trumpet Shall Sound, Baroque music, da capo aria form

Abstract
This is a book review that provides an in depth summary of the novel "The Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown and finishes with a brief discussion on the Christian themes that present itself in the novel. The Christian themes discussed are on the historical accuracy and the legitimacy of his basic claims. Such things as the marriage of Jesus and the suppression of certain gospels are all themes that arise and are refuted or discussed by competing scholars on the subject.

Outline:
Overview
Christian Themes

From the Paper
"It is important to be aware that "The Da Vinci Code" is literary fiction; the appearance of historical accuracy is only superficial. Brown's book is a minefield of disinformation for the unwary reader. He disturbs scholars of history and theology alike with his claims to legitimate scholarship, when evidence suggests that his sources are often from latter-day mystics rather than from reliable academic research. (Burstein, 2004) There is, however, a consistent reality behind Dan Brown's fictionalized Church and art history: For instance, the Church has, indeed, suppressed alternative Gospels, many written by sects denounced as heretical a few centuries after Christ. (Brown, 2003)
"The discriminating reader may notice that the book is a somewhat formulaic mystery, and not a notably executed representative of the genre. Still, it was on The New York Times best-seller list for more than two years and was made into a film starring Tom Hanks. Brown's achievement is that he has made ecclesiastical history exciting for the general public. He has also created a cottage industry of refutation against his claims regarding apocryphal writings. While these early writings do suggest that Jesus intended a more active role for women than what subsequently developed, none claim that Jesus was married as the novel does. A married Jesus is, at best, an unlikely possibility among serious students of early biblical history. (Robinson, 2005)"

Tags:dan brown, the da vinci code, theology, christianity

Abstract
This paper discusses da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" and the painting that inspired it, plus a painting that it inspired, discussing the painter's technique and iconography.

From the Paper
"Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting, the "Mona Lisa", stands on its own as one of the most recognized and celebrated paintings in the world. However, this does not mean that Leonardo was not influenced by previous artists, nor that his painting failed to influence his contemporaries or the artists that came after him. As a matter of fact, Leonardo's Mona Lisa was influenced by a painting done by Verrocchio, "Lady with a Bunch of Flowers" which was painted in approximately..."

Tags:art, Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, iconography, sfumato

Abstract
This paper discusses Leonardo da Vinci's contribution to the modern world and how his creative thinking and inventions were based on his study of nature and its principles.

From the Paper
"Leonardo Da Vinci made a tremendous contribution to the modern world not only in terms of his art-which was exquisite-but also in terms of his mathematical and scientific thinking and the marvelous inventions that he designed. Da Vinci was a thinker ahead of his time and this was largely because he made a point of always being a student. He studied nature, mathematics and science, learning the interconnected relationships among them and the scientific bases for natural phenomena. This..."

Tags:Leonardo da Vinci, science, inventions, nature, sketches

Abstract
The paper examines Dan Brown's popular novel, "The Da Vinci Code" in terms of a close reading of Chapter 55 and a discussion of the Holy Grail. The paper discusses the purpose of Chapter 55 as setting the stage for future revelations in the novel.

From the Paper
"A Close Reading of Chapter 55, The Da Vinci Code As Chapter 55 of Dan Brown's novel. The Da Vinci Code begins: Sophie Neveu, Robert Langdon and Sir Leigh Teabing are gathered in Teabing's study engaged in a discussion of the Holy Grail. Teabing's somewhat sermonic introductory remarks position the discussion that is to come."

Tags:Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code

Abstract
Not more than fifty years after the painting was completed, and while Leonardo was still alive, the painting began to fade. The decay began with peeling paint. Leonardo had chosen not to work in the traditional medium of fresco, that is, painting directly on the freshly plastered wall. Leonardo da Vinci's painting is a masterpiece of iconic religious art. The painting is a study in geometric symmetry. Jesus' gesture is symbolic on several levels.

Tags:da, vincis, supper

Abstract
This paper examines the link between Leonardo da Vinci's art and the Scientific Revolution, discussing various factors such as the mathematization of nature, the study of perspective, and the golden ratio. Figures of related works are included.

From the Paper
"Art and science have long been presumed to be polar opposites, the one fueled by fantasy and creativity and the other by the mathematics and natural laws that are viewed as the other end of the spectrum. This is an incomplete and inaccurate perception, however. Art and science are, in fact, integrally connected and their premises are closely allied. The mathematical systems that science is based on are as much a part of art as of science, although art is..."

Tags:Scientific Revolution, Leonardo da Vinci, art, inventions, perspective, mathematization of nature, golden ratio, Phi

Abstract
This paper gives an account of the life of Leonardo Da Vinci, most famous for his paintings the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper". A description of Da Vinci's beginnings is included as well as his rise in the art circle in Italy. The author also notes that although Da Vinci had a prominent career as an artist, he created a lasting impact on more than just the art world. Da Vinci was also actively researching on topics such as botany, anatomy, medicine and architecture. In closing, the paper describes Da Vinci as a forerunner to many new areas of study and was a vital contributor to the development of modern science and technology.

From the Paper
"Leonardo Da Vinci, born in the Vinci region of Florence on April 15, 1452, came from modest beginnings. The illegitimate son of Piero Da Vinci, a notary, and Caterina, a peasant woman, little is known about his early years. It is not surprising, however, that Da Vinci's propensity for the arts and sciences was nurtured and able to flourish in Renaissance Italy. Tuscany, the area surrounding Florence, produced the great minds of Dante Alighieri, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Niccolo Machiavelli, and was a center of Italian culture throughout the Middle Ages."

Tags:art, science, artist

Abstract
This paper explains that recent evidence suggests that Renaissance artist Leonardo Da Vinci, born in Vinci, Italy in 1452, was the son of a Middle Eastern slave named Caterina and his biological father, Ser Piero Da Vinci, with whom he lived in Florence. The author points out that Da Vinci was very successful in art as well as the fields of science, engineering, anatomy and inventing. The paper relates that Renaissance art did not take its roots from Romanesque and Byzantine traditions as Gothic art did but rather came out of the new and evolving civilization of this era. The author concludes that Leonardo Da Vinci ranks at the top of the list of influential artists of all time.

From the Paper
"Leonardo's second most famous work was 'The Last Supper'. This painting was begun in 1495 when Ludovico I Moro commissioned Da Vinci to paint the refectory wall of the Santa Maria Delle Grazie in Milan. This wall was located in the dining hall adjacent to the church and Leonardo decided to paint the very moment in which Christ announced that there was a traitor in their midst while they ate supper. Through his masterful brush, he managed to capture the personal reactions of each of the twelve disciples through their movements and facial expressions."

Tags:groundbreaking, accusations, triangle, foundations, secretive