Abstract
The article, "Does D.A.R.E work? An Evaluation in Rural Tennessee", discusses efforts to prevent the continued use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents. The paper discusses the theoretical content and findings of the study.

From the Paper
""Does D.A.R.E work? An Evaluation in Rural Tennessee" by Zagumny and Thompson. The purpose of this article was implied in the opening statement, referencing the current evaluation of the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program in a rural Tennessee school system. The authors provided an introduction to support the study, noting efforts to prevent the continued use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents. The D.A.R.E. program was presented along with previous related findings regarding outcomes. Mixed..."

Tags:alcohol, drugs, school system, D.A.R.E., adolescents

Abstract
This paper summarizes the plot of "Tess of D'ubervilles" as well as analyzing its main characters. It also examines the life and works of the writer Thomas Hardy. It describes the writer's influences and how they have affected his writing. The paper studies Thomas Hardy's societal and literary significance at that time and up until today. It also studies several critical reviews made regarding Thomas Hardy's works.

From the Paper
"John Durbeyfield thinks he's found the solution to his family's poverty, when it is disclosed upon him by Parson Tringham that the Durbeyfields are some faraway relatives of the D'Urbervilles. However, it's no refuge but just the beginning of the destruction of our heroin Tess Durbeyfield. John Durbeyfield makes ambitious plans to restore his relations with the Urbervilles by sending his daughter Tess to live with them. Tess would not have agreed to this if the Durbyfield's poverty would not have been further emphasized by the wreckage of their carriage and only source of income. The antagonist, a typical, feudal, womanizer of a villain, is broached during Tess's stay at the Urbervilles. He immediately tries to seduce Tess, and uses all his feline charms on Tess without much success. Tess feels rather humiliated when she learns that Stoke-D'Urbervilles (head of the family), has no knowledge of Tess's kinship to them. Meanwhile Alec persistently pursues Tess. Finally, the lusty playboy succeeds in his act when he deflowers Tess at an incident that seems as if it was minutely crafted. Tess condemns herself for her weakness and tells Alec that she will never be able to love him. Several weeks after the incident Tess returns to her village, pregnant. However, her child dies even before he is baptized and Tess even finds it difficult to get a Christian funeral on just her personal account of the birth."

Tags:Thomas, Hardy, Tess, D'urbevilles, literary, significance, Christian, John, Durbeyfield

Abstract
This paper details the history and goals of D.A.R.E. which was created in 1983 to educate students across America about the dangers of illegal drugs. Today D.A.R.E. is present in most U.S. schools as well as 13 foreign countries and has garnered the enthusiastic support and sponsorship of educators, law enforcement agencies and the media. The writer of this paper evaluates the strategies and effectiveness of this program against other drug education programs.
Table of Contents:
Policy that Governs D.A.R.E.
Funding of D.A.R.E
D.A.R.E At Different Levels
Proposal Against D.A.R.E.
Inception and Sponsorship of D.A.R.E.
Pros and Cons of D.A.R.E. Policies
Goals and Objectives and Future Intended Policies
Changes Made to the Curriculum
Recommendation

From the Paper
"The billions of dollars spent on D.A.R.E. clearly cannot compete with parental involvement. D.A.R.E.'s results do not show success. In addition, they do not show progress. We are staring at an ever-growing mountain of evidence representing that D.A.R.E. simply does not work - kids in the program are just as likely to use drugs as children not in the program. Reality does not get much harsher than that. It is clearly time to cut our losses with D.A.R.E. and return to the tried-and-true approach of personal responsibility."

Tags:youth, students, drugs, education, substance, abuse, school, curriculum

Abstract
The paper reveals that a recent study of south Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom and Australia has found that many of the people with tuberculosis also suffered from low vitamin D levels - though it was not entirely clear whether or not the tuberculosis caused the vitamin D deficiency or whether or not the low vitamin D level was the culprit in the on-set of tuberculosis. The paper explores what the most recent research (within the last 5 years) has to say about the relationship between tuberculosis and low vitamin D levels. The paper shows how it appears as though vitamin D truly plays a key role in helping the body fight off tuberculosis.

From the Paper
"A recent study of south Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom and Australia has found that many of the people with tuberculosis also suffered from low vitamin D levels - though it was not entirely clear whether or not the tuberculosis caused the vitamin D deficiency or whether or not the low vitamin D level was the culprit in the on-set of tuberculosis. With all this in mind, the next few pages will explore what the most recent research (within the last 5 years) has to say about the relationship between tuberculosis and low vitamin D levels. In general, it appears as though vitamin D truly plays a key role in helping the body..."

Tags:relationship, tuberculosis, vitamin

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to establish a causal relation between hypovitaminosis D and insulin resistance, diabetes, and systemic inflammation. The paper seeks to augment the research data (and substantial anecdotal evidence) currently available implicating hypovitaminosis D in these conditions. Additionally, the paper seeks to devise a research method for distinguishing the respective beneficial roles of vitamin D and calcium in light of current evidence suggesting that dual supplementation is associated with greater preventative effects than supplementation of one or the other alone.

From the Paper
"Prior to the widespread vitamin and mineral supplementation of modern food supplies, rickets and the skeletal weakness for which that disease is responsible was a formidable medical condition. Once rickets was substantially eradicated by vitamin supplementation in modern food processing, many medical authorities considered that solution to have eliminated all of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency. More recently, medical researchers have identified so many other significant medical consequences attributable to hypovitaminosis D that contemporary clinicians now regard rickets as only the tip of the proverbial iceberg of vitamin D-related ailments"

Tags:diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, rickets glucose, congestive heart failure, immune

Abstract
This paper describes the proposed Medicare Part D legislation, which would require the Department of Health and Human Services to negotiate discounts or fix reference prices with the drug industry. However, the paper explains there are problems with this bill. After reviewing the many influences that affect this bill, the author proposes additional legislation to cover the doughnut hole gap in the current bill and for negotiating drug pricing under this program.

Table of Contents:
History and Legislative Influences: Medicare Part D
Legislative Influences
Economic Principles
Legislative Influences
Regulatory Influences
Government Role: Medicare Part D
Government Influences
Society's Relationship
Effects on Population Subgroups
Elderly Population
Disabled Population
Macroeconomic Impact
Healthcare System
Impacts of External Factors
Solutions to Mitigate Impacts
Final Proposal Medicare Part D
Proposal for Coverage Gap Changes
Negotiating Drug Pricing
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The basic structure of Medicare Part D has an extensive social and legislative history, which is helpful to understand. The MMA of 2003 was finally bringing prescription drug coverage to the seniors of America. In 1965, Medicare was signed into law. During the 1960s, pharmaceuticals were not as critical to healthcare as they are today. There were not as many medicines available and the drugs, which were available, had less therapeutic benefits."

Tags:beneficiaries, crowd-out rate, sectors, coverage gap, regulations

Abstract
This paper analyzes the neurobiological disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder The paper begins by defining A.D.H.D. It then discusses the etiology, treatment options, gender and cultural characteristics, as well as the future prognosis of the disorder.

From the Paper
"Currently there is no "cure" for ADHD. Children with the disorder seldom outgrow it; however, some may find adaptive ways to accommodate ADHD as they mature. The long-term prognosis when ADHD is unrecognized and untreated in the adolescent is discouraging: maternal and prenatal morbidity may be anticipated. The actual assessment of risk in the setting of pregnancy and unrecognized ADHD remains largely unknown, and the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ADHD during pregnancy have yet to be addressed."

Tags:encephalitis, LD, neurotransmitters, Ritalin

Abstract
This paper explains that Medicare, which is the health insurance program by the United States Federal government, provides medical treatment to qualified recipients and is run by The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Part D is the new outpatient prescription drug benefit. The author points out that, because the enactment of Medicare Part D makes the United States Federal Government the biggest client of pharmaceuticals in the U.S. and possibly the world, drug development and approval process will be notably affected by this law through the direct involvement of CMS in application reviews. The paper stresses that, by using a system of risk corridors, which compares actual incurred drug benefit costs to estimated costs submitted in bids, Medicare limits the profits and losses of Part D drug plans.

Table of Contents
What is Medicare?
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and Its Influence on the Health Care Industry
Economics
How CMS Affects the Operation and Finance of Medicare Part D

From the Paper
"CMS is also working with other health agencies such as the National Cancer Institute with regards to research and development of drugs. A new policy gives them additional powers to pay for off-label uses of a new drug or device, so long as patients are in involve in studies to gather new data that may be beneficial to future patients. This policy however raised certain concerns from industry players as to fears the agency will reject compensation of new cures or procedures unless the post-approval studies are paid for by sponsors. Nonetheless, guidelines have already been drafted to address this concern."

Tags:outpatient, off-label, approval-process, risk-corridors, competition

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at the most significant manifestation of the war on drugs, that is the "Drug Abuse Resistance Education", or D.A.R.E. organization, a non-profit entity founded by Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles Police chief, in 1983. The writer discusses how this organization aims to tackle drug abuse. The writer notes that within D.A.R.E. children and youth are informed of the exact consequences of their actions, while at the same time, presented with the responsibility to consciously make a choice with the best possible consequences. In this essay, the writer discusses various reactions and effects of the D.A.R.E. program.

Table of Contents:
The Problem
Today's Drug Issue
What Works?
Both Sides of the Line
Key Players
Conflicting Side(s)
Policy Points
Confronting Changes
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Drug Abuse ranks first in the 1980s survey. Today, in response to reported increases of drug use and abuse problem among the youth of the United States, the Government has declared a "war" on drugs. The most significant manifestation of this war is the "Drug Abuse Resistance Education", or D.A.R.E., organization, a non-profit entity founded by Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles Police chief, in 1983. During this time, approximately 25,000 police officers were trained to teach DARE. Forty-four other countries reportedly utilize DARE programs. DARE activities range from includes "visitation" lessons where police officers present brief lessons to students in kindergarten through fourth grade."

Tags:program, usage, police, enforcement

Abstract
It explains the author's personal experience with D.A.R.E., how D.A.R.E. helps teach students the dangers of drugs, helps students to deal with peer pressures, and why it is necessary to teach students at such a young age. Also deals with refutations to arguments, such as it costs too much, and it teaches the students where to get drugs.

From the Paper
"It was an early Thursday morning, but for some reason, all the students in my class looked wide awake. Usually students were dragging themselves through the history lessons and cursive practice in the early mornings, but Thursdays were different. The students were all excited. They were anticipating the arrival of Officer Potnick. Officer Potnick was a huge, burly man with a deep laugh. He came in wearing his police uniform which made every student jump to attention. Also, he had a great sense of humor which helped keep the students on their toes. He taught us very important lessons about the danger of drugs."

Tags:abuse, addiction, children, criminal, elementary, issues, justice, social, students