Abstract This paper explains that congenital cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of hearing loss, generally sensorineural hearing loss,and brain damage in children. The author points out that nearly half of the infants born with symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection develop a hearing loss; but this hearing loss does not develop until later (late-onset hearing loss), which suggests that babies born with congenital cytomegalovirus should have their hearing consistently monitored. This paper relates that, as yet, there is no vaccine against human cytomegalovirus, but there are methods of management and treatment, which prevent infection and reactivation of infection or suppress and preempt current infection.
From the Paper "Human congenital cytomegalovirus is the most common intrauterine infection and can be present in three forms; latent, non-productive yet asymptomatic, or productive and symptomatic. Cytomegalovirus is also the largest member of the herpes virus family. This is because it is common for hearing loss and other symptoms of the virus to occur later in life after infancy, as the virus is a member of the betaherpesviridae family where slow growth of the virus is common. Ninety-five percent of infants born with the Cytomegalovirus infection appear normal. It can infect both humans and animals. This virus can be transmitted through oropharyngeal secretions, urine, cervical and vaginal secretions, spermatic fluids, breast milk and blood, and is usually transmitted to a fetus by transplacental means. The studies mentioned in this paper focus strictly on human congenital cytomegalovirus."
Abstract This paper allows the author to explore the causes and outcomes of CMV. In addition the details and treatments of mononucleosis and chronic fatigue syndrome are also discussed in the scope that they are sometimes caused by a CMV infection.
Abstract The paper researches Guillain-Barre syndrome which presents as a motor paralysis which is symmetrical in nature and may or may not be accompanied by sensory and autonomic disturbances. The paper analyzes which pain management strategies are effective. The paper further examines how the diagnosis is made, and shows that the patient should likely have electro diagnostic examination and at least a lumbar puncture for spinal fluid analysis.
From the Paper "The typical clinical presentation includes proximal muscle weakness with paresthesia in the extremities. The legs are more often involved than the arms. Deep tendon reflexes often disappear within a few days of symptom onset. The typical course lasts anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, with the majority seeing the most severe involvement in one week. The progression of the illness is usually reaches a plateau, which heralds the beginning of the end of the clinical phase. Time to return to normal functioning depends upon the patient, premorbid disease states and the degree of muscular involvement."
Abstract The paper researches Guillain-Barre syndrome which presents as a motor paralysis which is symmetrical in nature and may or may not be accompanied by sensory and autonomic disturbances. The paper analyzes which pain management strategies are effective. The paper further examines how the diagnosis is made, and shows that the patient should likely have electro diagnostic examination and at least a lumbar puncture for spinal fluid analysis.
From the Paper "The typical clinical presentation includes proximal muscle weakness with paresthesia in the extremities. The legs are more often involved than the arms. Deep tendon reflexes often disappear within a few days of symptom onset. The typical course lasts anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, with the majority seeing the most severe involvement in one week. The progression of the illness is usually reaches a plateau, which heralds the beginning of the end of the clinical phase. Time to return to normal functioning depends upon the patient, premorbid disease states and the degree of muscular involvement."
Abstract This paper takes a look at maternal diseases and teratogens, which are substances that can cause damage to the embryo or fetus during prenatal development. The paper discusses maternal diseases, such as the German measles, HIV, cytomegalovirus, syphilis, genital herpes and gonorrhea and examines these diseases and their effects on prenatal development.
From the Paper "The first three months of pregnancy, called the first trimester, are considered a critical period because during this period external stimuli can affect prenatal development drastically. German measles is the most widespread of the viruses that have a teratogenic effect. If a pregnant woman contracts German measles in the first three months of pregnancy, she is likely to give birth to a child with a congenital abnormality such as heart disease, cataracts, deafness, or mental retardation. The mother must be especially careful not to contract contagious diseases such as German measles. Fortunately, German measles in pregnancy is now a rare problem in the United States because most women have been vaccinated against it (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999). The vaccine prevents most but not all German measles infections during pregnancy. If a pregnant woman is not immune to German measles and catches it during the first five months of pregnancy, she usually passes the disease on to her fetus. If the fetus gets German measles during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy, the baby likely will be born with many problems (Goldenburg, 2000). The most common are eye problems, hearing problems and heart damage. If the fetus gets rubella between twelve and twenty weeks of pregnancy, problems are usually milder. If the fetus gets rubella after twenty weeks of pregnancy, there are usually no problems. There is no treatment for the German measles infection. The damage that happens to the fetus will last for the child's whole life."
