Abstract
This paper is about he life of the once Bishop of Jerusalem and Doctor of the Church, St. Cyril who was born around 315 A.D. and died on March 18, 386. It details his controversial life in the Church, his elevation to bishop and his rule in Jerusalem and the contributions he made during his lifetime.

From the Paper
"Cyril's life in the Church was controversial. He was bishop for thirty-five years, and many of those years were spent in exile. There are many historians who question if he was a bishop. We know for certain he was ordained as priest by St. Maximus who "gave him the important charge of instructing and preparing the candidates for catechumens" (Shea, 1894). Cyril performed these duties for several years. In fact, many of his catechetical lectures are still available today, written down by someone in the congregation: "When speaking of so many mysteries, Cyril anticipated the question, " But some one will say, If the Divine substance is incomprehensible, why then do you discourse of these things? So then, because I cannot drink up all the river, am I not even to take in moderation what is expedient for me?"

Tags:church, jerusalem, bishop, controversial, bishop, doctor, rule, lectures, congregation, emperor, cross, arcacius, caesara, palestine, jurisdiction, constantinople, second, council, temple, jewish, persians, war, priest

Abstract
This essay examines the controversy that followed Cyril through much of his career, when he was wrongly associated with the Christian heresy of Arianism. The paper also looks at St. Cyril's significant and enduring beliefs about the Rite of Christian Initiation.

From the Paper
"Cyril's eucharistic theology as expressed in these lectures was a significant theological and liturgical advance on that of earlier writers in large measure because he was one of the first to describe the Lord's presence in the terms of the later dogma of transubstantiation, describing the rite in explicitly sacrificial language. His emphasis on the importance of Communion was an important part of his entire philosophy which included the Rite of Christian Initiation of the relationship between the individual members of a congregation and the church as a whole."

Tags:Holy, City, pilgrimage, Maximus, Arians, Council, of, Nicaea, Arius, Athanasius, polytheism, redemption, Catecheses, Baptism, Eucharist, Communion

Abstract
The paper covers the political history as depicted in the book, "Rebirth: A political history of Europe Since WWII" by Cyril E. Black et al. Specifically, the paper discusses why certain European countries decided to merge their economic policies after World War II.

From the Paper
"There were several factors that led to this decision to band economies together. The authors of Rebirth write, "The divisions of Europe over security matters led to economic alignments that carried important implications for the defense capabilities of each region" (Black, English, Helmreich, McAdams & Helmreich, 2000, p. 58). Clearly, the divisions of east and west and Soviet and Democratic were key issues in forming economic bonds. There were others, as well. After the war, most of Europe was on shaky economic ground. Banding economies together was one way to strengthen them and help economic growth, so it made sense for many countries to create economies in common."

Tags:security, matters, economic, alignments, defense, capabilities

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the two plays 'The Revenger's Tragedy' by Cyril Tourneur and the 'Women Beware Women' by Thomas Middleton represent a social commentary on wealth and power in the Middle Ages. The writer maintains that although these plays were written within the Elizabethan Era, the continuity of greed and disloyalty is a part of the behaviors of medieval aristocracy, which was mostly pervasive within England in the early 17th century.

Abstract
This paper analyzes the corruption of wealth and power in the early 17th century as is seen within the Elizabethan plays, "The Revenger's Tragedy" by Cyril Tourneur and "Women Beware Women" by Thomas Middleton. It discusses the central elements of the plays and shows how they define medieval elite society through an Elizabethan dramatic point of view.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, the two plays The Revenger's Tragedy by Cyril Tourneur and the Women Beware Women by Thomas Middleton represent a social commentary on wealth and power in the Middle Ages. Although these plays were written within the Elizabethan Era, the continuity of greed and disloyalty is a part of the behaviors of medieval aristocracy, which was mostly pervasive within England in the early 17th century. By examining the various characters in these two plays, the desire for wealth and power is the central social theme about medieval upper class culture that is brought forth by Tourneur and Middleton."

Tags:Elizabethan, Middle, Ages, aristocracy, upper, class

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the books "The Great War 1914-1918", by Cyril Falls, and "The Pity of War: Explaining World War I", by Niall Ferguson. The paper discusses how these two books, written 40 years apart, look at the war from different stages in history and from different perspectives. The paper analyzes how the authors graphically illustrate the First World War and what this war meant to the participants, the world, and to history in general. The paper examines how the books discuss emotional and personal themes, which makes them quite important for detailed research that adds another dimension to The Great War.

From the Paper
"Ferguson, on the other hand, uses a different type of literary technique. He consistently relates events to works of literature that covered the war, from classics such as All Quiet on the Western Front and For Whom the Bell Tolls to lesser knows works, he consistently compares the actual events of the war to how their authors portrayed (and sometimes dramatized) them in literary works. For some readers, this might be more difficult to follow and identify with and understand. However, both books are extremely well written. They belong in any serious World War I library or historian's reference shelf."

Tags:Francis, Ferdinand, Lloyd, George, World, War, Allies, anti-war, activists

Abstract
This paper will analyze the book "Stories from a Ming Collection: The Art of Chinese Story-teller" translated by Cyril Birch. By understanding the ideas of ethical premise that are within the two stories "The Lady was a Beggar" and "The Pearl Sewn Shirt" we can compare them to better see the human relationships that exist in the tales.

Abstract
This is a review of the Egyptians by Cyril Aldred. The writer finds that this is a thorough look at how Egyptians lived, worked and developed nations throughout history. Factual data from the book is derived from various sources to provide detailed analysis of a very broad topic.

Tags:egyptian, book, review

Abstract
This paper explores and seeks to understand how political reasoning and spiritual thought were inseparably bound together in the Orthodox missionaries' minds because of the principles upon which the Byzantine Commonwealth was based. The paper discusses the motivations behind the Byzantine missions to the Slavic world, specifically those made by Cyril and Methodius in 862AD into Moravia, which saw the birth of Orthodox Christianity in the Balkans along with the introduction of a new language that still exists today in the Slavic world. The paper also offers detailed analysis into the concept of "oikoumene," which was the fundamental principle of the Byzantine Commonwealth. The paper concludes that the mission to the Slavs was of vital importance to the world of Byzantium, as it not only provided protection to the northern frontier of the empire, but more importantly, it advanced the work of God on earth - the divinely appointed aim of any emperor of Constantinople.

From the Paper
"Now we reach the whole purpose of the Byzantine mission to the Slavs, because to enter this community of shared beliefs was to put you in subordination to God. Plus, in the eastern world, God had a representative on earth to do his work, namely the divinely appointed emperor of Byzantium. This community, also known as the oikoumene, encompassed all of the Orthodox faith, not in constitutional law but because of a collective commitment to God's appointed being on earth. With a successful Byzantine mission there is an inseparability of conversion to Christianity and obedience to the Byzantine emperor. Since the function of the emperor was to carry out God's plan, then the Byzantine mission was part of this work. To bring the nations of the world into the oikoumene under the protection of the Byzantine emperor was the ultimate purpose of Byzantium and exactly what the mission aimed at achieving. Consequently, how the world is organised politically is of concern to God in that the Byzantine Empire and its oikoumene was the physical instrument with which the Christian faith was to be diffused in other areas. It would be easy to romanticise this whole procedure, but the political benefits would have been obvious to the ruling elite of Byzantium. Also, there is also the issue that it was difficult for Byzantines not to see themselves as superior to the new arrivals into the Christian faith. The theory was, though, that you ceased to be a barbarian once you were converted and were now readily called and accepted as Roman. All the nations of Eastern Europe are purported to have believed in this concept, with the Byzantine emperor as irreplaceable as the head of the oikoumene. This newfound connection to Byzantium and the emperor is commonly expressed as the converted barbarian becoming the "spiritual son" of the emperor. The whole concept and notion of the oikoumene is intrinsically bound within the political and spiritual world of Byzantium, affecting them both. Since the oikoumene was achieved by method of the mission, it is shown that the mission itself was ultimately bound into politics and spirituality as well."

Tags:orthodox, christianity, commonwealth, Moravia, Cyril

Abstract
This paper discusses the "notorious" case of academic fraud by Sir Cyril Lodowic Burt as presented by H. Beloff. The research focuses on the ethical problem presented, the ethical principles breached according to the Australian codes of ethics, the motives and justifications of a commitment of this breach, justification for such actions and solutions for dealing with instances of academic fraud. The paper states that while a brief discourse on the case of Sir Cyril is provided, the primary purpose of the case is to prevent fraud from occurring in the future.

Outline:
Academic Fraud
Cyril Burt
Ethical Issues and Disputes
Code of Ethical Conduct
Proposed Solutions and Actions

From the Paper
"The cardinal principles of the Australian Code of Ethics as dictated by the Australian Ethical Society (2003) suggest the following principles must be applied in psychology and in evaluation of academic fraud: (1) professionals have a duty to act using well-informed conscious decision-making, (2) professionals engaged in academic investigation have a duty to act in the interests of the community they serve, (3) professionals and academics have a duty to accept responsibility for the health, safety and welfare of their community before the welfare of their private or personal interests and (4) professionals have an obligation to act with honesty and in good faith to the community, and apply their skill and knowledge in the interests of the community."

Tags:ethics, psychology, academic, fraud