Abstract
This paper first highlights the difference in purpose between the various authors: How Cicero is trying to besmirch Clodia's reputation, while Catullus and Propertius are working with a love object to some extent characterized for poetic purposes. The groundbreaking use of language in Catullus is discussed, as is the use of myth in both Propertius and Catullus. It also looks at how the speech of Cicero is a useful exponent of contemporary sexual mores and highbrow rhetoric.

From the Paper
"The Roman authors Catullus, Propertius, and Cicero (in his pro Caelio oration) all produce literature which deals in an interesting way with women. This can be exhibited in different ways: for example, in his poems Catullus sees his Lesbia very much as a love object, since he often makes wild claims about his incredible love for her and his belief that they are married. Still, Sex is definitely involved in his poems about their relationship, but it seems he concentrated more on analyzing their split than purely erotic poetry."

Tags:augustus, love, myth, poetry, roman, virgil

From the Paper
" A common theme in The Runner by Cynthia Voigt and Rabbit, Run by John Updike is the need for a person to find his or her place in life. Most people find themselves at a particular juncture in life by default. They are so busy running away from people or circumstances that they do not consciously map out their life's journey.
As Rabbit learns from a dusty farmer who pumps gas on his first escape, "The only way to get somewhere, you know, is to figure out where you're going before you go there" (Updike 32). Rabbit fails to heed this advice. He admits this when he is questioned about why he deserted his wife Janice, by Jack Eccles, the minister. Rabbit replies, "I don't really have a plan, I'm sort of playing it by ear" (Updike 99). Because he has no rhyme or reason to his actions, by the end of the story Rabbit is.."

Abstract
This paper reviews a recent study by Cynthia Lietz, outlines her main thesis, highlight the work's theoretical basis or "starting-point," discusses federal child welfare policies that appear to have influenced her thesis (and concluding statements), and details how the ideas presented in her work can be put toward re-shaping approaches to dealing with at-risk families and children. Lastly, the paper explores how the research conducted by Lietz can assist in reversing a troublesome trend within Washington State.

Tags:lietz, cynthia, critique

Abstract
This paper analyzes three essays concerned with the nature of imprisonment and with those that suffer incarceration in the American prison system; : "Double Standard on Drug Sentences" by Cynthia Tucker; "Time", by Nathan McCall; and "Mother's Day in Federal Prison" by Amanda Coyne. Two of the essays discussed are concerned with drugs and imprisonment and two of the essays also are concerned with the ways in which men and women (and their families) deal with incarceration. This multiple analysis looks at the prison system, and whether it fairly treats those who are imprisoned.

From the Paper
"Most of the works here see the drug-user as a victim of the wars against drugs: they are unfairly taken from children, or families (Even, in Tucker, from becoming 'Tax-paying citizens" (Tucker, 1998, page 3)). This is not met with agreement by the McColl piece; his drug-dealer is a partially dangerous, partially benevolent wide-boy. He is, however, the only one to treat the system as a business opportunity, and the only one of all the characters in the articles to undermine the system to the extent of escaping."

Tags:prison system, criminals drugs, prison sentences, violence

Abstract
This paper reviews a recent study by Cynthia Lietz, "Uncovering Stories of Family Resilience: A Mixed Methods Study of Resilient Families, Part I." It outlines her main thesis and highlight the work's theoretical basis. It discusses federal child welfare policies that appear to have influenced her thesis (and concluding statements) and details how the ideas presented in her work can be put toward re-shaping approaches to dealing with at-risk families and children. Lastly, the paper explores how the research conducted by Lietz can assist in reversing a troublesome trend within Washington State.

From the Paper
"As this paper draws to a close, a few things are evident. Firstly, developing within family systems the competencies they need to be flexible and resilient in the midst of a crisis would go a long way towards reducing the lengths of stay for children of color in out-of-home care; it would also reduce the growing trend towards a large foster care population in Washington State (Children's Alliance, 2006). The reason why Lietz's research would be so beneficial is because her work accentuates the need to develop policies that augment existing family strengths; it also encourages counselors to find reason for optimism in the midst of a desperate situation. In any case, giving families new competencies would clearly reduce the need for taking children out of the home or away from their biological parents."

Tags:at-risk, welfare, foster

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of Cynthia Ozick's short story "The Shawl" about a mother who murders her infant in a Nazi concentration camp rather than permit her to endure the atrocities perpetuated by the Nazis. The discussion focuses on new criticism and how setting and symbolism in the story provide insight into the author's meaning behind the work.

From the Paper
"In Cynthia Ozick's "The Shawl" the author provides us with a short story of a mother in a Nazi concentration camp, Rosa and her infant daughter, Magda. By the end of the brief short story, Rosa will hurl Magda in her magic shawl into the electrified fence surrounding the fence. (Ozick) For Rosa, this is a victory for it liberates her daughter, freeing her from the horrors and abuses of the Nazis. In this work, setting plays an important role..."

Tags:maternal instinct, transcendence, nutrition, motherhood, death, freedom, ambiguity

Abstract
This paper discusses the idea of a racial shadow as is described in the book, "Reading Asian-American Literature" by Sau-ling Cynthia Wong. The paper examines Wong's opinion that many Asian-Americans are pulled in two directions at once and thus have a psychological, bipolar split. This desire to blend into the American culture is common in many Asian-American literary works, and the paper presents examples from a few of them.

From the Paper
"Wong uses the term Doppleganger, which is a derivation of the German 'double walker,' a spiritual double or matching part of a living person. It is believed by many people that somewhere on this planet everyone has an identical unrelated double. Sometimes the Dopplegangers have the same interests and behaviors; other times, the two are in direct opposition to one another. If they should meet, says the myth, they will both die. The authors and characters in the above-mentioned Asian-American novels, who have both beings or Dopplegangers living within the same body, are especially affected. They cannot hope to forever stay clear of their double and get on with life. The double or racial shadows will live internally and either be a source of strength and support or of weakness and destruction depending on how the other handles the duality."

Tags:culture, integration, racism

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes Anne Sexton's poem, "House Wife", and her poem, "In Celebration of My Uterus"; Sharon Olds' poems "The Language of the Brag", and "This"; Lorrie Moore's short story, "How To Become a Writer"; and Cynthia Ozick's essay, "Who Owns Anne Frank?".

Abstract
This paper examines the article "Psychology of Spending: Where Does Belt-Tightening Begin" by economist Cynthia Crossen, about the impact of the stock market shifts on perception of wealth and spending patterns. The paper thoroughly reviews the article and explains its economic basis, which is the theory of marginal utility. The author then applies this theory to the hypothetical question of purchasing a Rolls Royce Silver Cloud during an economic downturn. The author concludes that the car would ultimately be a good investment because its value depreciates extremely slowly.

From the Paper
"As demand shifts downward because of a lackluster economy, the supply also shifts along with consumer needs. Since the consumer demand for certain goods such as luxury automobiles, state of the art electronics, CDs and other luxury goods decrease, the industry supply of such goods also will decrease. The article explains that in the Great Depression, many Americans went back to their rural roots because when they take on more primitive positions they feel less of the affects of the depression. In our current era, this has changed because of our governmental policies to prevent severe depression such as Social Security, welfare, and unemployment insurance. Therefore although consumer spending on luxury goods decreases, there is still a market for goods. Producers will continue to have a supply of goods as long as consumers are willing to spend money on luxury goods. The combination of our dependence of many luxury goods, and our ability to have money even during recessions makes it so that the overall restrictions on supply are not as stringent as if the recession was occurring during the Great depression or the recessions of the 1980s."

Tags:theory, of, marginal, utility, silver, cloud, stock, market, crash, boom, bull, bear, downturn, depression, money, investments

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the short story, "Envy; Or, Yiddish in America" by Cynthia Ozick. According to the paper, the story reveals the author's nuanced feelings toward the disappearance of the Yiddish language and culture. The paper discusses how, although on the surface "Envy" seems mostly critical of Yiddish writers-- as if they either are talentless or almost betray the Jewish community--its underlying message is that a once vibrant community has been destroyed to such an extent that its survivors are hopeless unless they are able to escape it. The paper reports that the story is about the need to rebuild in order to preserve at least some aspect of the Yiddish community Ozick loves and respects.

From the Paper
"Ozick structures her essay around the claim that "in order to believe in the real possibility of translation, the translator must believe in certain impossible theses... [which are] important, useful and false" (Metaphor and Memory 200). The first false premise a translator must accept is that poems are "uncovered" rather than translated "because without this belief a translation can never be seen as a thing achieved, concluded finished" (Metaphor and Memory 200). Thus, the hack fails even Ozick's first premise for translation. Although Ozick's essay focuses on poetry, the hack's translation methods stray so far from those suggested by Ozick that it is reasonable to conclude Ozick disapproves of the hack's technique. The hack continues to search for synonyms until Ostrover chooses one to his liking--she strays from Ozick's ideal in which a work is "uncovered" and the translator determines the final form of the work."

Tags:Yiddish assimilation Jewish Judaism, Holocaust Jacob Glatstein Isaac Bashevis Singer Diaspora