Abstract
The paper looks at how Voltaire's "Candide" provides a heavy satire of contemporary philosophies, religious beliefs, governments and officials. The paper points out that Voltaire is only ridiculing human establishments and not the individual spirit, and provides two examples that show how men are not stupid individually, but become foolish only upon associating with others. The paper clearly shows how Voltaire warns against many of the insidious evils that accompany human society, and points us in the direction of increased happiness through individualism.

From the Paper
"Voltaire has been considered a controversial and cunning master of cynicism since he first began to publish late in his life, and this reputation has continued ever since. His views on the various whims and beliefs of man are unequivocally dismissive; he regards much if not most of the philosophical and religious thought of his time to be nothing more than man's willingness and even desire to fool himself. He also reflected heavily on the cruelties that men were capable of committing to each other, out of greed or perhaps even worse out of misplaced "noble" intentions like nationalism and, again, religion."

Tags:individualism, philosophy, society, sarcasm

Abstract
The paper argues that Macchiavelli's cynicism - as seen throughout his famous sixteenth century text - cannot stand up to close review insofar as the ends simply cannot justify the means in a democratic society.

From the Paper
"The following brief paper will argue that Macchiavelli's cynicism - as seen throughout his famous sixteenth century text - cannot stand up to close review insofar as the ends simply cannot justify the means in a democratic society. To elaborate on the preceding idea, this paper will make the following points: politicians who cynically exploit others and who use fear and intimidation to rule will find that they will always have to be vigilant against unrest for people will hate them rather than respect or admire them; beyond that, if the highest political offices are..."

Tags:prince, means, scrutiny

Abstract
This paper explains that George Orwell, who began his career as a political writer during the Second World War, published his satirical novel "Animal Farm" in 1945, addressing issues about socialism, repression, and implicitly, cynicism. The author relates that Orwell used animal characters to explicate and illustrate his ideas, which makes the novel an "animallegory". The paper points out Orwell's two central theses that develop the progress of the novel, which involved human realities portrayed through 'animal interaction': (1) All social orders created and developed by human societies, which suffer repression, continue to prevail thereby making these so-called social orders, as in the case of the novel--capitalism, socialism and totalitarianism, ineffective and (2) in the perpetuation of repression and suffering in human societies, cynicism is the only way in which these can be alleviated.

From the Paper
"Under Napoleon's leadership, Animal Farm became totalitarian. Animals no longer worked for the sake of their community, but rather, for the sake of Napoleon and his military of dogs, as well as the privileged 'class' in the farm-the pigs. This social order was once again proved ineffective because of the oppressive nature of Napoleon's leadership. Ironically, Man, the enemy of animals, began establishing good relations with Napoleon and the pigs, an occurrence that proved how the farm had once again returned to its first social order (capitalism) under a new leader and regulations. In fact, conditions in the farm worsened than ever before, with the animals working now as slaves only for the sake of Napoleon and his 'comrades': the pigs and humans."

Tags:cynicism, animallegory, totalitarianism, ineffective, socialism

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in his fictional, yet highly autobiographical novel "Ham on Rye", Charles Bukowski allows the reader to experience the development of his cynically riveting ability to tell the truth. It looks at how Bukowski utilizes the protagonist and perpetual literary altar ego Henry Chinaski to demonstrate the development of a powerful literary tool - truth combined with cynicism - and how the development and application of truthful cynicism allows the author to challenge and attack the unspeakable cultural truths.

From the Paper
"First, the reader learns the origins of Henry's truthful, yet cynical character development. Beginning with the first day of his fifth-grade class, young Henry learns the true nature of telling a lie. The teacher commands the students to describe their father's employment. However, the height of the Great Depression as rendered the students' fathers unemployed. In order to avoid shame, all of the students creatively invent occupations for their father's, except for the last student who actually tells the truth. Henry reacts to the truth by thinking, "I wish I had thought of that" (81). Young Henry realizes that by revealing the ugly truth of a situation, he will empower himself to establish a unique personal identity. "

Tags:Henry, Chinaski

From the Paper
"Most of Billy Wilder's films have a strong aura of cynicism manifested in the actions of the characters and the development of the themes. Witness for the Prosecution (1958) is atypical in some ways--it is more isolated in time and place than most of Wilder's films because it is a courtroom drama which keeps largely to one setting. Its protagonist is every bit as cynical in his way as the heroes of other Wilder films, such as Double Indemnity (1944) or Sunset Boulevard (1950), and, like those other characters, he is ultimately duped by his own cynical nature. Like many Wilder characters, in fact, the barrister Sir Wilfrid alternates between being an effective practitioner of his particular profession and an observer who is presented with a vision of the actions of someone even more cynical and manipulative than he."

Abstract
Beginning with the Merchant's description in the General Prologue, the paper moves through the main themes of the "Merchant's Tale", including blindness, chivalry, and most importantly, marital love. It describes in detail how the Merchant re-interprets the "Knight's", "Wife's", and "Clerk's Tales" to fit his own cynical views on these subjects.

From the Paper
"In his essay "Narration and Doctrine in the Merchant's Tale", Robert Edwards describes the tale as a "bleak and savagely ironic story that led J.S.P. Tatlock to remark on its "unrelieved acidity"" (Edwards 342). The narrative dialogue of the previous tales leads readers to expect more of the same. However, the most direct response to a tale that readers have seen so far is the Miller's response to the Knight. This response, while obviously seeking to undermine the chivalric values of the "Knight's Tale", is presented as a lighthearted jape, poking fun at the ideas of love and marriage but lacking the cynical tone of the "Merchant's Tale.""

Tags:clerk, knight, wife

Abstract
Paper refers to all that we do not know about the Internet or models discussed to do with freedom of speech or political information, or social connectivity, in the end, leaving cynical views aside in favour of what we do know of a convivial medium that does stand to improve the human condition and serve some groups of people who are very much better with its presence. Various materials, mainly from course readings.

From the Paper
Social, Political & More Convivial Aspects of the Internet. Introduction Technophiles claim that the Internet is democratizing the globe. However, this way of thinking seems to overlook how the psychological and communicative distances between people can become much greater as there is a small sector of the world's people that has access to computer technology, about the world, and then many more human beings who do not have access. Rather than bringing people together the Internet may be creating two kinds of people or two different kinds of human understanding in Have Internet Access and Have Not Internet Access categories.

Tags:web, theory, convivial

Abstract
The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he did not "want people who want to dance, I want people who have to dance."

From the Paper
"The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he..."

Tags:describe, myself, mba

Abstract
This paper explains that an authoritarian military style of management of the police officers used in earlier days worked efficiently as the officers were unskilled, lower educated, and sometimes unethical. Police officers today are more educated and technically competent than they were in the past and require a different style of management. The author believes that the role officers can play in their own motivation is to want to improve and show cooperation with the administrators; the rest of the role in motivation still lies with the police administrators. The paper states that the major challenge in the motivation of police officers lies in reducing cynicism and motivating officers to perform better.

Table of Contents
Relationship between the Amount of Supervision and Control
Balance between Control and Motivation
The Case of Lt. Morse and an Accountability System
Officers Role in Creating a Motivating Environment
Does Motivation Only Come From Within?
Role Of Police Administrators in Motivation
Unique Issues within Police Organizations

From the Paper
"As the two of the concerns are indirectly related, it is important for police supervisors to balance the increase in one with the increase in the other. The increasing level of supervision and accountability leaves officer demoralized if motivational measures are not taken up to balance the situation. It is very important that officers are motivated due to the nature of the job. Officers need to be constantly motivated to control crime on the streets. Inefficiencies of officers may trigger a wave of crime in the society. Thus, supervisors must employ various measures to sustain officer morale."

Tags:supervisors, accountabillity, demoralizing, cynicism, education

Abstract
This paper examines how Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" details the temptation and eventual disillusionment of a young Puritan man, who, when confronted with the massive possible hypocrisy of the community in which he lives, is unable to adapt successfully to a portrait of the world that does not live up to his romantic ideals. It looks at how Hawthorne weaves enough structural ambiguity into the story to make it unclear for both the reader and for Brown just what the actual reality is and how, at its conclusion, we are left to a realm of unknowns and suspicion as much as he is. It shows how, ultimately, the story of "Young Goodman Brown" is the story of a young man who, once his romantic ideals about the world are tested, lapses instead into a cynicism and frustration that represents the completely opposite end of the spectrum.

From the Paper
"Nathaniel Hawthorne's Story "Young Goodman Brown" opens with a brief exchange between Young Goodman Brown and his wife, Faith, whose very name points to an obvious symbolic dimension of her character in the story. We discover quickly in their exchange of dialogue that they are newlyweds, very much in love. Indeed, the fact that they are newly married, as well as the title of "young" that precedes Goodman Brown's name all inform us that the are both new to the world of independent experience, that the still possess many romantic illusions about life, and that they are generally inexperienced. Yet, at their otherwise sweet parting, there is a strangeness. Faith asks her husband not to depart on his unspecified errand and suggests that she has had some sort of premonition, a premonition that Young Goodman Brown himself seems to share."

Tags:faith, puritan, hypocrisy, community, cynicism