Abstract
Paper refers to all that we do not know about the Internet or models discussed to do with freedom of speech or political information, or social connectivity, in the end, leaving cynical views aside in favour of what we do know of a convivial medium that does stand to improve the human condition and serve some groups of people who are very much better with its presence. Various materials, mainly from course readings.

From the Paper
Social, Political & More Convivial Aspects of the Internet. Introduction Technophiles claim that the Internet is democratizing the globe. However, this way of thinking seems to overlook how the psychological and communicative distances between people can become much greater as there is a small sector of the world's people that has access to computer technology, about the world, and then many more human beings who do not have access. Rather than bringing people together the Internet may be creating two kinds of people or two different kinds of human understanding in Have Internet Access and Have Not Internet Access categories.

Tags:web, theory, convivial

Abstract
The paper looks at how Voltaire's "Candide" provides a heavy satire of contemporary philosophies, religious beliefs, governments and officials. The paper points out that Voltaire is only ridiculing human establishments and not the individual spirit, and provides two examples that show how men are not stupid individually, but become foolish only upon associating with others. The paper clearly shows how Voltaire warns against many of the insidious evils that accompany human society, and points us in the direction of increased happiness through individualism.

From the Paper
"Voltaire has been considered a controversial and cunning master of cynicism since he first began to publish late in his life, and this reputation has continued ever since. His views on the various whims and beliefs of man are unequivocally dismissive; he regards much if not most of the philosophical and religious thought of his time to be nothing more than man's willingness and even desire to fool himself. He also reflected heavily on the cruelties that men were capable of committing to each other, out of greed or perhaps even worse out of misplaced "noble" intentions like nationalism and, again, religion."

Tags:individualism, philosophy, society, sarcasm

Abstract
The paper argues that Macchiavelli's cynicism - as seen throughout his famous sixteenth century text - cannot stand up to close review insofar as the ends simply cannot justify the means in a democratic society.

From the Paper
"The following brief paper will argue that Macchiavelli's cynicism - as seen throughout his famous sixteenth century text - cannot stand up to close review insofar as the ends simply cannot justify the means in a democratic society. To elaborate on the preceding idea, this paper will make the following points: politicians who cynically exploit others and who use fear and intimidation to rule will find that they will always have to be vigilant against unrest for people will hate them rather than respect or admire them; beyond that, if the highest political offices are..."

Tags:prince, means, scrutiny

Abstract
Beginning with the Merchant's description in the General Prologue, the paper moves through the main themes of the "Merchant's Tale", including blindness, chivalry, and most importantly, marital love. It describes in detail how the Merchant re-interprets the "Knight's", "Wife's", and "Clerk's Tales" to fit his own cynical views on these subjects.

From the Paper
"In his essay "Narration and Doctrine in the Merchant's Tale", Robert Edwards describes the tale as a "bleak and savagely ironic story that led J.S.P. Tatlock to remark on its "unrelieved acidity"" (Edwards 342). The narrative dialogue of the previous tales leads readers to expect more of the same. However, the most direct response to a tale that readers have seen so far is the Miller's response to the Knight. This response, while obviously seeking to undermine the chivalric values of the "Knight's Tale", is presented as a lighthearted jape, poking fun at the ideas of love and marriage but lacking the cynical tone of the "Merchant's Tale.""

Tags:clerk, knight, wife

Abstract
Presents the main arguments of "The Prince" and "The Grand Inquisitor" section of Dostoevsky's novel, "The Brothers Karamazov". Discusses the concept of human beings as beasts who need to be controlled by any means necessary.

From the Paper
"Niccolo Machiavelli, in The Prince, and Fyodor Dostoevsky, in "The Grand Inquisitor" section of his novel The Brothers Karamazov, present similarly pessimistic and cynical views of human nature. Both the Prince and the Inquisitor argue that human beings ..."

From the Paper
"Henrik Ibsen and August Strindberg are both associated with modern naturalism in the theater. In their naturalistic plays, Ibsen and Strindberg were similar in that they both included psychological, symbolic, and subjective elements in their depictions of reality. However, Ibsen and Strindberg were very different in the way they went about expressing naturalism. Ibsen was concerned with ideas of social consciousness, whereas Strindberg expressed a cynical, fatalistic, and individualistic perspective on life. This paper will show how these differences influenced the dramatic elements in the plays of Ibsen and Strindberg.
Naturalism in the theater, like realism, seeks to show life as it really is. This effort can be seen in the sets, dialogue, characterization, and plots of naturalistic plays. However ..."

Abstract
This paper explains that George Orwell, who began his career as a political writer during the Second World War, published his satirical novel "Animal Farm" in 1945, addressing issues about socialism, repression, and implicitly, cynicism. The author relates that Orwell used animal characters to explicate and illustrate his ideas, which makes the novel an "animallegory". The paper points out Orwell's two central theses that develop the progress of the novel, which involved human realities portrayed through 'animal interaction': (1) All social orders created and developed by human societies, which suffer repression, continue to prevail thereby making these so-called social orders, as in the case of the novel--capitalism, socialism and totalitarianism, ineffective and (2) in the perpetuation of repression and suffering in human societies, cynicism is the only way in which these can be alleviated.

From the Paper
"Under Napoleon's leadership, Animal Farm became totalitarian. Animals no longer worked for the sake of their community, but rather, for the sake of Napoleon and his military of dogs, as well as the privileged 'class' in the farm-the pigs. This social order was once again proved ineffective because of the oppressive nature of Napoleon's leadership. Ironically, Man, the enemy of animals, began establishing good relations with Napoleon and the pigs, an occurrence that proved how the farm had once again returned to its first social order (capitalism) under a new leader and regulations. In fact, conditions in the farm worsened than ever before, with the animals working now as slaves only for the sake of Napoleon and his 'comrades': the pigs and humans."

Tags:cynicism, animallegory, totalitarianism, ineffective, socialism

Abstract
This paper discusses how, in his fictional, yet highly autobiographical novel "Ham on Rye", Charles Bukowski allows the reader to experience the development of his cynically riveting ability to tell the truth. It looks at how Bukowski utilizes the protagonist and perpetual literary altar ego Henry Chinaski to demonstrate the development of a powerful literary tool - truth combined with cynicism - and how the development and application of truthful cynicism allows the author to challenge and attack the unspeakable cultural truths.

From the Paper
"First, the reader learns the origins of Henry's truthful, yet cynical character development. Beginning with the first day of his fifth-grade class, young Henry learns the true nature of telling a lie. The teacher commands the students to describe their father's employment. However, the height of the Great Depression as rendered the students' fathers unemployed. In order to avoid shame, all of the students creatively invent occupations for their father's, except for the last student who actually tells the truth. Henry reacts to the truth by thinking, "I wish I had thought of that" (81). Young Henry realizes that by revealing the ugly truth of a situation, he will empower himself to establish a unique personal identity. "

Tags:Henry, Chinaski

Abstract
The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he did not "want people who want to dance, I want people who have to dance."

From the Paper
"The great philosopher, and noted atheist and cynic, Frederick Nietzsche once stated that he "would believe only in a God that knows how to dance." Decades later, the renowned thinker and scientist Albert Einstein echoed such a sentiment when he noted that "Dancers are the athletes of God." While both of these statements note the reverence and importance of dancing, the almost supernatural and spiritual qualities of this base movement and action, a third quote even better describes the desire and passion of a dancer. The great choreographer George Balanchine, the man who bridged the gap between classical and modern dance, once said that he..."

Tags:describe, myself, mba

Abstract
The paper gives examples from Donne's poems of imagery involving comparisons that are often far-fetched, yet intellectual. The writer asserts that these poems are written records of Donne's inner-turmoil. The paper shows that Donne's love poems fall into two distinct categories-- passionate poems and cynical poems.

From the Paper
"Just as Donne wrote passionate poems of the sacredness of love, he wrote cynical poems of the hypocrisies of love. His "concern for the "honesties of love' turned him into a rebel and atheist of love" (Williamson 55). It is in the works of this time that Jack Donne, trapped between his idealistic conception of holy love and the reality of superficial love, which seemed so prevalent in society, can be seen at his best. Under his attack were women; he scorned both faithlessness and faithfulness and wrote of women with contempt. "At this time he despised them equally for yielding to his lust or for denying themselves to him" (Keast 124). Such disdain can be seen in his poem "The Apparition," in which he addresses a murderess of his love, cursing her so that she will feel his presence when she is in the bed of another. In his "Song," Donne challenges any man to find " . . . a woman true and fair" (Abrams 1064), an impossible feat, since "Though she were true when you met her . . . she/Will be I False . . ." (Abrams 1064). As Jack matures into John, his perceptions of love become more realistic, as lovers are never perfect soul mates."

Tags:metaphysical, imagery, intellectual, passion, cynicism