Abstract
A discussion on the effects of the increased demand in times of war and the decrease in demand that follows. The focus of the paper is the unemployment rates and how they change.

From the Paper
"Cyclical unemployment is based on the assumption that demand for products and the labor that produces them fluctuates over time. When the business cycle is at its peak there is low cyclical unemployment. When the cycle is in recession, unemployment is relatively high. There is plenty of evidence that the pressure of demand rises and falls from year to year and that unemployment moves in sympathy with that cycle. For example, unemployment fell sharply following the boom in the late..."

Tags:economic, cyclical, unemployment, soldier, war

Abstract
The paper asserts that AIDS produced a similar impact on North American society as did the plague; the impact involved not only the loss of vast numbers of people but a transformation of society and its system of meaning. The paper explains that when the AIDS epidemic first appeared, the event was marked by extreme fear, stigma, and a widespread tendency to blame. The paper discusses how over time, there has not been an aspect of AIDS which has not been debated including the issue of ownership over the disease or chief authority for addressing education and other issues pertaining to it. The paper highlights how the impact of AIDS in terms of meaning has been multidimensional and has occurred at every level of society.

From the Paper
"AIDS produced a similar impact on North American society as did the plague; the impact involved not only the loss of vast numbers of people but a transformation of society and its system of meaning. When the AIDS epidemic first appeared, the event was marked by extreme fear, stigma, and a widespread tendency to blame. Over time, there has not been an aspect of AIS which has not been debated including the issue of ownership over the disease or chief authority for addressing education and other issues pertaining to it. As Sturken (146) maintains, AIDS emerged at a specific..."

Tags:aids, meanings, identity

Abstract
In this paper the author examines the works of John Dunstable centering on his compositions that were written specifically for the Church. The author looks at Dunstable as one of the great contrapuntalists working in classical music during the Renaissance pointing out that he is known for his work in the motet form, a product of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The author defines the motet as a composition for unaccompanied choir with sacred text sung in Latin, since it was designed to be performed in Roman Catholic liturgical services. He then goes on to describe the different methods with which Dunstable's work can be performed and the developments in music that occurred as a result of his works. In conclusion the author looks at Dunstable as a standard setter for future Masses that were treble-dominated, as well as the harmonic innovation that resulted in the first form of the modern triads that form popular and symphonic music today.

From the Paper
"The mass is a suite that is presented throughout the Latin Mass, a service containing a set series of segments, each addressing a particular aspect of Catholic belief. Dunstable's Missa Rex saeculorum has sometimes been ascribed to Leonel Power, who composed the earliest tenor Mass extant today. In this work, the Kyrie is eliminated, as is common in most cyclic Masses of English origin. There are two long sections in triple and duple meter set against an isorhythmic tenor line. In its compositional structure, the phrasing of the text is ignored and the notes are used as structural support for the piece. Sometimes a phrase breaks off mid-word, taking the chant out of its proper mode The duet sections are written in a form strictly identified with English composers, and the tenor voice provides a unifying factor."

Tags:solo, choral, chant, scale, harmonically, tempered, instruments, bowed

Abstract
This paper discusses BASF's growth strategy of expansion, competition, and aggressive growth. It describes its strategy of focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets and how this is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation. The paper begins by discussing the concept behind non-cyclical product development and then applies it to BASF's growth strategy.

From the Paper
"There can be no question that BASF uses its non-cyclical products as a mainstay of growth, as can be seen through a comparison of the divisions' revenue in 2002. In total, oil and gas sales in 2002 were higher than in any other BASF division (BASF, 46). In comparison, the sales of agricultural products, typically cyclical in nature, were the lowest in the same year (BASF, 43). Additionally, in 2000, BASF announced their intention to increase their market share of non cyclical products, which they have consistently done (Milmo, 85). By focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets, BASF is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation, provide consistently strong revenue, and increase research, development, and expansion for future growth prospects."

Tags:revenue, manufacturing, production

Abstract
The paper is a critical philosophical analysis of the works of Socrates and Zhuangzi. The paper analyzes how they have a similar pattern of cyclical afterlife patterns. Zhuangzi offers a distinct form of regeneration that links life with death and seems to negate the whole endgame of death that one sees a great deal in western philosophy.

From the Paper
"This philosophical study will examine the nature of death and the afterlife within the philosophical writings of Zhuangzi and Socrates. By comparing and contrasting these two versions of death and the afterlife, one can realize the cyclical and rational means in which these philosophers make in their arguments. By realizing the critical views of these ancient philosophical points of view on death, one can realize how life and death are connected in two culturally different philosophies. In essence, cyclical patterns of death and the afterlife in the works of Zhuangzi and Socrates will be examined and defined within this study. The writings of Zhuangzi relate an interconnection between life and death that proposes a kind of regeneration, rather than an afterlife."

Tags:socrates, chinese, thought

From the Paper
"Although women do abuse men, by far the greatest proportion of abusive incidents are committed by males. Thus, what is often discussed as "spouse abuse," is actually wife assault. According to Straus and Gelles (1990), at least 1.8 million women are battered by their husbands every year in the United States.

Regarding wife assault, Campbell and Lancaster (1994) refer to it as one of America's major community health problems; this because of its greater prevalence than other forms of domestic or partner violence, its greater potential for homicide, its effects on children in the household, and its long-term emotional and physical consequences. In other words, understanding wife assault is imperative."

Abstract
This paper explains that the supervision of counseling professionals, as a field of practice, began as part of the training process in psychoanalysis and has developed into two methods: Approach-oriented and eclectic. The author points out that there are five ethical principles in the "good practice" strategy for evaluating in a supervisory/counseling environment: Fidelity, justice, beneficence, non-malfeasance and autonomy. The paper relates that the abuse especially sexual contact of the client by the counselor ranks as the most egregious.

Table of Contents
Counseling and Psychoanalysis
Ethics and Responsibilities

From the Paper
"The fact that psychoanalysis was the footing, the foundation, of what today has emerged as "counseling" and "counseling supervision" - professions that very clearly stand on their own - is germane to this book's entire editorial thrust. Indeed, on page 10 the authors state that it is "necessary," when approaching the counselor's "emotional and psychological material" regarding that counselor's client, to "engage in what amounts to therapeutic work" with that counselor."

Tags:psychoanalysis, ethical, sex, abuse, environment

From the Paper
"Business Cycles and Profits
Introduction
This research examines the relationship between business cycles and profits in the economy of the United States. In this research, completed business cycles that have occurred in the economy of United States over the past 40 years are considered.


Cyclical Economic Activity
Cyclical movements in the level of economic activity are recognized in economic theory (Ekelund and Hebert 413-425). Significant effort is put into the measurement of business cycles, and into the development of indicators of change for such cyclical activity (Beckman and Tapscott 24-28). Such measurement and indicator development provide data as to what and when, while failing to answer the underlying question of why. Although a..."

Abstract
This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.

From the Paper
"What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."

Tags:youth, crime, law, legal, justice, system, court, rights

Abstract
This paper explains that self-regulation, defined as self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions for attaining academic goals, is a primary tool, according to this research, in determining efficacy in student development because it involves personal initiative, resourcefulness, persistence, and sense of responsibility, which are tools for self-motivation. The author points out that the research posits that self-regulatory approaches for studying may be particularly well-suited for attaining the goal of self-education throughout life. The paper relates that the researcher came up with a cyclical model that illustrates the dynamic process between the social and psychological processes involved in self-regulation; the cyclical model of self-regulated learning is an overlapping process in which one process may occur spontaneously with another process.

From the Paper
"Thus, Zimmerman conducts this research based on two grounds: (1) there has been little literature on the topic of self-regulation among students, especially when applied in the educational setting; and (2) the potential of self-regulation as the primary determinant that explains a student's academic performance and "learning ability". Using the method of structured and in-depth/focused interviews of students, data collection involved a sample of students, categorized into two groups: the academically successful and regular students. Analysis involved a content analysis of the interviews, where coding and codes are identified based on the dimensions of academic self-regulation, also identified by the author."

Tags:research, self-generated, tool, self-motivation, cyclical