Abstract This paper explains that self-regulation, defined as self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions for attaining academic goals, is a primary tool, according to this research, in determining efficacy in student development because it involves personal initiative, resourcefulness, persistence, and sense of responsibility, which are tools for self-motivation. The author points out that the research posits that self-regulatory approaches for studying may be particularly well-suited for attaining the goal of self-education throughout life. The paper relates that the researcher came up with a cyclical model that illustrates the dynamic process between the social and psychological processes involved in self-regulation; the cyclical model of self-regulated learning is an overlapping process in which one process may occur spontaneously with another process.
From the Paper "Thus, Zimmerman conducts this research based on two grounds: (1) there has been little literature on the topic of self-regulation among students, especially when applied in the educational setting; and (2) the potential of self-regulation as the primary determinant that explains a student's academic performance and ?learning ability.? Using the method of structured and in-depth/focused interviews of students, data collection involved a sample of students, categorized into two groups: the academically successful and regular students. Analysis involved a content analysis of the interviews, where coding and codes are identified based on the dimensions of academic self-regulation, also identified by the author."
Abstract This paper discusses BASF's growth strategy of expansion, competition, and aggressive growth. It describes its strategy of focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets and how this is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation. The paper begins by discussing the concept behind non-cyclical product development and then applies it to BASF's growth strategy.
From the Paper "There can be no question that BASF uses its non-cyclical products as a mainstay of growth, as can be seen through a comparison of the divisions' revenue in 2002. In total, oil and gas sales in 2002 were higher than in any other BASF division (BASF, 46). In comparison, the sales of agricultural products, typically cyclical in nature, were the lowest in the same year (BASF, 43). Additionally, in 2000, BASF announced their intention to increase their market share of non cyclical products, which they have consistently done (Milmo, 85). By focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets, BASF is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation, provide consistently strong revenue, and increase research, development, and expansion for future growth prospects."
Abstract This paper explains that Norman E. Rosenthal and his colleagues were the first to highlight a pattern of cyclical unipolar depression linked to the changing of the seasons, most often from fall to winter months through to the springtime, specifically November to March. The author points out three causation theories of SAD: (1) Fluxation of hormone levels, (2) neurobiology related to circadian rhythms or the body's internal clock, and (3) a biological and hormonal shift dependent on a person's geographical placement or latitude. The paper relates that, while phototherapy with artificial light is an excellent tool for treating SAD sufferers in the winter months, it has not shown to be nearly as effective as natural light, especially light that is absorbed during the summer months.
From the Paper "After Meesters modified Rosenthal's definition, it was possible to diagnose correctly many more patients under the umbrella of SAD. Thus, as greater numbers of people were diagnosed, observed trends began to develop. Three trends in particular were noticed early on and continue to prove true today. They included an overall lower rate of SAD in children compared to the general population, an increasing diagnosis rate in adolescents, and a much higher rate in adult females versus males. One study that became instrumental in establishing concrete evidence for the rates in children and adolescents was conducted after the inherent trends were noticed throughout the general population."
Abstract This paper explains that the two most common cognitive models for the interaction between technology, people and culture are Formalist/Humanist and Cyborg/Post-Humanist. The author believes that the Post-Humanist/cyclical model is superior to the linear models because the idea behind this model is that there can be no set cycle to human/ technological interaction; any number of interactions are possible and they can go in any direction. The paper relates that the three main reasons people use the writing technologies such as word processing are habit, convenience and availability. Charts.
From the Paper "Communications technologies affect our social relations and cultural values. Often new technologies distance us from direct communication with each other. For instance, a phone call is only an auditory communication, which cuts out body language. Instant messaging contains only the words a person wishes to convey, cutting out tone of voice and other auditory cues. Email is even further removed, because it is so much less interactive. There is little possibility for instance for a heated dialog or a a quick two way discussion. The communication becomes less real, more distant and therefore arguably we believe less that there is another human being there and act accordingly... perfect example would be flames and porn ads. In one-on-one interaction people don't have the protection of anonymity that they do in an email or forum posting."
Tags: cognitive, formalist, posthumanist, cyclical, linear
This well-researched paper examines the juvenile justice system and its method of dealing with juvenile offenders which has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception.
Abstract This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.
From the Paper "What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."
Tags: youth, crime, law, legal, justice, system, court, rights
Abstract This paper examines three psychotherapy techniques, Technical Eclecticism, Cyclical Psychodynamics and Problem-Centered Therapy (family and marriage therapy), looks at how each model works and looks at similarities and differences between the models.
From the Paper "According to Lazarus, personality is formed, maintained and changed by classical and operant conditioning modeling and vicarious learning, thoughts, feelings, images and sensations and by unconscious processes. The multi-modal approach to psychotherapy assumes that unless several discrete but interactive modalities are assessed treatment is likely to overlook significant concerns. Multimodal Initial interviews of patients and the use of a Multimodal Life History Inventory provide an initial review of a client's significant behavioral affective responses."
Abstract The paper is a critical philosophical analysis of the works of Socrates and Zhuangzi. The paper analyzes how they have a similar pattern of cyclical afterlife patterns. Zhuangzi offers a distinct form of regeneration that links life with death and seems to negate the whole endgame of death that one sees a great deal in western philosophy.
From the Paper "This philosophical study will examine the nature of death and the afterlife within the philosophical writings of Zhuangzi and Socrates. By comparing and contrasting these two versions of death and the afterlife, one can realize the cyclical and rational means in which these philosophers make in their arguments. By realizing the critical views of these ancient philosophical points of view on death, one can realize how life and death are connected in two culturally different philosophies. In essence, cyclical patterns of death and the afterlife in the works of Zhuangzi and Socrates will be examined and defined within this study. The writings of Zhuangzi relate an interconnection between life and death that proposes a kind of regeneration, rather than an afterlife."
Abstract This paper discuses the calamitous failure of post-emancipation society in Haiti, the British Caribbean, West Indies, America, and eastern and southern Africa as revealed in Eric Foner's book "Nothing but Freedom". Foner theorizes that a cyclical dilemma is evident in these countries in which newly abolished freedmen are granted liberty and yet continue to struggle in their pursuit of a life of equality. The author relates that Foner believes that one of the many foundations of slavery in pre-nineteenth century emancipation is highlighted through slave plantation, which was the incubator of a highly stratified system of race relations and a unique Afro-American culture.
From the Paper "The Haitian revolution created only the second independent nation in the New World as it sent inspirational shock waves of hope throughout the surrounding slave societies of the Western Hemisphere. Toussaint L'Ouverture, a man of the French Enlightenment who envisioned independent Haiti as a multiracial society closely tied to revolutionary France, viewed the plantation as the key to the island's prosperity, and hoped to demonstrate that free men could produce the staple crops of the New World more efficiently than slaves."
Tags:cyclical, slave plantation, proletarianization equality haiti
From the Paper "Although women do abuse men, by far the greatest proportion of abusive incidents are committed by males. Thus, what is often discussed as "spouse abuse," is actually wife assault. According to Straus and Gelles (1990), at least 1.8 million women are battered by their husbands every year in the United States.
Regarding wife assault, Campbell and Lancaster (1994) refer to it as one of America's major community health problems; this because of its greater prevalence than other forms of domestic or partner violence, its greater potential for homicide, its effects on children in the household, and its long-term emotional and physical consequences. In other words, understanding wife assault is imperative."
Abstract This paper examines how an economic indicator is any economic statistic or factor, which indicates how well the economy is doing and is going to do in the future. It provides an overview of economic indicators in general. It focuses on how the advertising industry as a whole depends on how clients view a particular company and how it makes sure to pick the very best product to market.
From the Paper "Many political and regulatory laws have been set in place to serve as guidelines on ho advertisers are to be allowed to operate (Durkin and Norewill 2003). The government enforces types of laws, which either limit or remove the types of advertising or products, which can be seen in marketing channels. The government can also regulate advertisements itself. The Federal Trade Commission, for example, has outlawed false or misleading advertising. Tax regulations are also a key component of advertisers' revenues and the American Association of Advertising Agencies has been countering the efforts of several States, which are attempting to tax advertising expenditures. "
Abstract The paper explores BASF's aggressive growth strategy and reviews how their focus on non-cyclical operational aspects has helped boost company growth. The paper shows the truth in their popular slogan "We don't make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better".
Outline:
Unbridled Aggression
Cyclical Implications
Too Aggressive?
From the Paper "Since Sean Milmo's seven-year old Chemical Market Reporter article on BASF (which originally stood for Badische Anilin-und Soda-Fabrik), the record sales he discussed in "BASF outlines growth strategy in major markets" have been broken time and again. BASF remains strong in cyclical and commodity products and continues to increase earnings in non-cyclical operations as well. In fact, the third quarter of 2006 marked the thirteenth quarter in a row in which the company has posted sales growth. The chemical company has effectively resisted the urge to rest on its collective laurels, and has recently (2006) acquired Engelhard, Degussa Construction Chemicals and Johnson Polymer. Initially, Englehard's board of directors rejected BASF's bid ($37/share) stating they believed it to be "inadequate and opportunistic." Not to be denied, BASF increased their bid by $1/share, which Engelhard eventually accepted. This approach personifies the chemical giant's approach to growth: they are aggressive!"
Abstract This essay discusses the use of symbolism in the Steinbeck's novel, "The Red Pony". It looks at the book's message of the cyclical nature of life and gives a complete analysis of the symbols, imagery, and devices that Steinbeck uses.
From the Paper "The Read Pony, by John Steinback describes four events in the life of a young boy named Jody. Through these events, Steinback is able to present to his readers and contemporaries his main theme: life and its cyclical nature. Stienback wrote this book using intense symbolism to promote his view and to enhance ours. He presents secondary themes that are apart of the life: discipline and maturity, as well."
Abstract This paper reviews Samuel Beckett's life and the influence it had on his writing. The setting of the play is analyzed, along with the characters' names, the dialogue and various themes of the play including: Self-reflexivity, father figures, and cyclically.
From the Paper "Some of the most in-depth interpretations deal with the setting of the play. Described in the first lines, the room is said to have "two small windows, [with] curtains drawn." That image, along with many other in the play, have led many to presume that the action occurs inside the skull, the players being inside the mind and thought of the body (Mayoux 4). This is a rather accurate assumption, seeing that Beckett was a fan of Descartes, who believed that the mind was a separate entity from the body."
This report analyzes research papers, articles and other resources together with information on procrastination and self-esteem compiled separately to give a thorough account of each condition without one biasing the other.
Abstract Information on self-esteem and procrastination is compared in this paper, with links between the two being examined and discussed. Based on this analysis, the author shows how low self-esteem and procrastination are two conditions that are capable of causing each other and in this way can create a cyclical effect.
From the Paper ?Self-esteem and procrastination are two conditions that effect a large number of people. While these may not seem like conditions to be overly concerned about, they both have a profound effect on people's lives, effecting everything that they do.Self-esteem is described as one of the key parts of our self-identity, representing how we feel about who we are (Seamon & Kenrick, 1992, p. 398). This component of a person has the potential to effect every portion of a person's life, from their working life to their relationships and everything in between.Procrastination is also something that has the ability to effect every portion of a person's life. Procrastination can basically be described as the process of continually putting off things.?
Abstract The paper shows that since the September 11 tragedy, there have been several changes in the US economy and there is a strong pull on inflation following a cyclical expansion. The paper lists recommendations concerning changes in fiscal policy and monetary policy. The paper discusses that the choice of monetary policies are dependent on the weights that policymakers place on stabilizing inflation to stabilizing employment, and the monetary future of the U.S. will depend on how the government and the Federal Reserve uses the FRB/US model to get the nation back on its feet after September 11.
From the Paper "The theory of socioeconomic is based on three perspectives. The enlightened self-interest due to the nature of others, the fact that individuals can be trusted and not opportunistic, and people have personal value structures that are not dominant in an economic orientation (Wright 295). These assumptions applied to economics bring compatible achievement of competitive advantage. When these perspectives are followed they bring benefits to the stockholders.
The key to efficient markets is found in businesses that can reduce the costs of transacting. "Goods and services or the performance of agents have multiple valuable attributes and the ability to measure those attributes at low cost is a necessary condition for capturing the gains from trade that were the keys to Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations. But a sufficient condition requires in addition that the contracts embodying the exchange process can be enforced at a low cost" (North 5). This can only be done in developed economies."
