Abstract
A discussion on the effects of the increased demand in times of war and the decrease in demand that follows. The focus of the paper is the unemployment rates and how they change.

From the Paper
"Cyclical unemployment is based on the assumption that demand for products and the labor that produces them fluctuates over time. When the business cycle is at its peak there is low cyclical unemployment. When the cycle is in recession, unemployment is relatively high. There is plenty of evidence that the pressure of demand rises and falls from year to year and that unemployment moves in sympathy with that cycle. For example, unemployment fell sharply following the boom in the late..."

Tags:economic, cyclical, unemployment, soldier, war

From the Paper
"Although women do abuse men, by far the greatest proportion of abusive incidents are committed by males. Thus, what is often discussed as "spouse abuse," is actually wife assault. According to Straus and Gelles (1990), at least 1.8 million women are battered by their husbands every year in the United States.

Regarding wife assault, Campbell and Lancaster (1994) refer to it as one of America's major community health problems; this because of its greater prevalence than other forms of domestic or partner violence, its greater potential for homicide, its effects on children in the household, and its long-term emotional and physical consequences. In other words, understanding wife assault is imperative."

Abstract
The paper describes the history of China with specific reference to the cultural revolution. The writer compares China today with the cycles of Chinese history in order to judge the extent to which each cycle has an influence on China today. The writer discusses communism in mainland China. The writer explains that in China today, capitalism seems to have taken the place of communism. The paper cites examples of the capitalist way in which China now operates. In conclusion, the writer states that societies all over the world now realize the failures of the communist system and that all communist countries are essentially following the same path.
Table of Contents:
Thesis Statement
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The land held by the feudal lords and some very rich farmers were confiscated by the government. The rural markets were made more useful as the farmers and artisans began to control the items that they produced and could bring the same into the market for sale. As a result the hunger and malnutrition in China dropped sharply. The feudal lords and their lackeys did not have any role in the agricultural production but used to siphon off the surplus, or even the main productions for the purpose of their rich living styles. They had been the main exploiters of the rural farmers. Apart from this there was a lot of freedom for the women. This had happened due to the fact that the Communists had sent a lot of women to work in the villages to weaken the hold of the rural landlords on the working of the women in the villages. The government also passed a number of laws that gave the women the right town property and the right to divorce their abusive husbands. (The Structure of a Post-Revolutionary Economic Transformation)"

Tags:communism, capitalism, taiwan, mao

Abstract
The paper asserts that AIDS produced a similar impact on North American society as did the plague; the impact involved not only the loss of vast numbers of people but a transformation of society and its system of meaning. The paper explains that when the AIDS epidemic first appeared, the event was marked by extreme fear, stigma, and a widespread tendency to blame. The paper discusses how over time, there has not been an aspect of AIDS which has not been debated including the issue of ownership over the disease or chief authority for addressing education and other issues pertaining to it. The paper highlights how the impact of AIDS in terms of meaning has been multidimensional and has occurred at every level of society.

From the Paper
"AIDS produced a similar impact on North American society as did the plague; the impact involved not only the loss of vast numbers of people but a transformation of society and its system of meaning. When the AIDS epidemic first appeared, the event was marked by extreme fear, stigma, and a widespread tendency to blame. Over time, there has not been an aspect of AIS which has not been debated including the issue of ownership over the disease or chief authority for addressing education and other issues pertaining to it. As Sturken (146) maintains, AIDS emerged at a specific..."

Tags:aids, meanings, identity

Abstract
In this paper the author examines the works of John Dunstable centering on his compositions that were written specifically for the Church. The author looks at Dunstable as one of the great contrapuntalists working in classical music during the Renaissance pointing out that he is known for his work in the motet form, a product of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The author defines the motet as a composition for unaccompanied choir with sacred text sung in Latin, since it was designed to be performed in Roman Catholic liturgical services. He then goes on to describe the different methods with which Dunstable's work can be performed and the developments in music that occurred as a result of his works. In conclusion the author looks at Dunstable as a standard setter for future Masses that were treble-dominated, as well as the harmonic innovation that resulted in the first form of the modern triads that form popular and symphonic music today.

From the Paper
"The mass is a suite that is presented throughout the Latin Mass, a service containing a set series of segments, each addressing a particular aspect of Catholic belief. Dunstable's Missa Rex saeculorum has sometimes been ascribed to Leonel Power, who composed the earliest tenor Mass extant today. In this work, the Kyrie is eliminated, as is common in most cyclic Masses of English origin. There are two long sections in triple and duple meter set against an isorhythmic tenor line. In its compositional structure, the phrasing of the text is ignored and the notes are used as structural support for the piece. Sometimes a phrase breaks off mid-word, taking the chant out of its proper mode The duet sections are written in a form strictly identified with English composers, and the tenor voice provides a unifying factor."

Tags:solo, choral, chant, scale, harmonically, tempered, instruments, bowed

Abstract
This paper discusses BASF's growth strategy of expansion, competition, and aggressive growth. It describes its strategy of focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets and how this is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation. The paper begins by discussing the concept behind non-cyclical product development and then applies it to BASF's growth strategy.

From the Paper
"There can be no question that BASF uses its non-cyclical products as a mainstay of growth, as can be seen through a comparison of the divisions' revenue in 2002. In total, oil and gas sales in 2002 were higher than in any other BASF division (BASF, 46). In comparison, the sales of agricultural products, typically cyclical in nature, were the lowest in the same year (BASF, 43). Additionally, in 2000, BASF announced their intention to increase their market share of non cyclical products, which they have consistently done (Milmo, 85). By focusing on non-cyclical portions of the company's markets, BASF is able to sustain consistent growth, even in periods of economic fluctuation, provide consistently strong revenue, and increase research, development, and expansion for future growth prospects."

Tags:revenue, manufacturing, production

Abstract
The paper is a critical philosophical analysis of the works of Socrates and Zhuangzi. The paper analyzes how they have a similar pattern of cyclical afterlife patterns. Zhuangzi offers a distinct form of regeneration that links life with death and seems to negate the whole endgame of death that one sees a great deal in western philosophy.

From the Paper
"This philosophical study will examine the nature of death and the afterlife within the philosophical writings of Zhuangzi and Socrates. By comparing and contrasting these two versions of death and the afterlife, one can realize the cyclical and rational means in which these philosophers make in their arguments. By realizing the critical views of these ancient philosophical points of view on death, one can realize how life and death are connected in two culturally different philosophies. In essence, cyclical patterns of death and the afterlife in the works of Zhuangzi and Socrates will be examined and defined within this study. The writings of Zhuangzi relate an interconnection between life and death that proposes a kind of regeneration, rather than an afterlife."

Tags:socrates, chinese, thought

Abstract
This paper explores the history of the juvenile justice system, dating back to the 1820s and until the present. The juvenile justice system in dealing with juvenile offenders has cyclically gone from a rehabilitative approach to a punitive approach a number of times since its inception. The writer of this paper contends that in certain cases juvenile criminals should be treated differently than adults who commit the same crimes and supports this claim by detailing eight possible justifications. One justification is that adults are responsible for their acts, whereas juveniles are not. Another justification is that juveniles are more pliable than adults and respond better to treatment and rehabilitation.
This paper also details various research which examines the history of the juvenile justice system from 1820 which found that when juvenile crime is determined to be high, the justice system responds with severe punishments and few rehabilitative approaches. This paper also discusses the current approach to the juvenile justice system and questions its effectiveness in dealing with juvenile offenders.

From the Paper
"What the models or approaches have neglected up to this point is the importance of the victim and the community, accountability of the offender, and competency development. So far there has been the debate between punishment versus treatment as options, but both have negative side effects and essentially ignore everything else. The need for retribution may be satisfied by punishment, but the offender can be negatively affected. Punishment can undermine self-restraint, stigmatizes the offender and creates problems of adjustment, which encourages delinquency, to name a couple, but it also encourages offenders to focus on themselves, not the victim and their responsibility."

Tags:youth, crime, law, legal, justice, system, court, rights

Abstract
This paper examines how the themes in "Power" by Linda Hogan are centered around nature and the unity of nature and human beings and how these are also themes that are touched upon in "Sacred Hoop" by Paula Gunn Allen. It analyzes how, for the Native American, all creatures are united in a "sacred hoop," all events are cyclic ,and how the symbolism used by Hogan focuses on images from nature. It looks at how most prominent among these are the panther, the snake, the tree called Methuselah, and the storm.

From the Paper
"Both the healthy and the sick panther are connected with Omishto's Taiga tribe of the "Panther Clan." Omishto and Ama are representative of a people who is dying, like the panther. She attempts to explain this in an essay for a class assignment, but gives up, knowing they will not understand. This shows that she is experiencing the unfamiliar sensation of being disconnected from other living beings. She cannot identify with the white people, their religion or their traditions. She is unable to adapt to the invasion, and experiences a kind of sickness imposed upon her and her people."

Tags:panther, snake, methusaleh, omishto, ama, nature

Abstract
This essay discusses the recurrent patterns that make time cyclic instead of linear in Gabriel Marquez's nove, "100 Years of Solitude", thereby ultimately contributing to the importance of the piece.

Tags:years, solitude