Abstract
This paper examines the supporting and detracting views of the Echelon Project. It examines the project itself on only a cursory level, while discussing privacy and cyber rights in more detail.

From the Paper
"After the terror attacks of September 11 advocates of free speech and privacy loudly criticized the implementation of the Patriot Act. This act greatly increased law enforcement's ability to gather evidence-critics say spy on American citizens. But a large number of privacy advocates maintain that the American government has long had the ability-and the propensity-to gather electronic data on its citizens and that this ability predates the Patriot Act as well as the September attacks..."

Tags:Project Echelon, Echelon Project, Privacy, cyber rights

Abstract
The paper looks at several definitions of ethics and focuses on cyber ethics that encompasses plagiarism, privacy, copyrighting and hacking. The paper opines that it is important for parents to begin teaching ethical decision-making skills to young individuals even before their first exposure to technology. The paper devotes time to discussing intellectual property rights and the ownership of patents and concludes that unfortunately, there is no way to really enforce these academic ethics.

From the Paper
"The concept of academic ethics has been around for years, but many schools and students are still not clear on what is ethical and what is not. Some teachers feel that it is important to treat their students in an ethical manner, but ethics are not required when working with other people in the cut-throat business world beyond the school. There are other teachers who do just the opposite -- treating their students like slaves in the classroom, but being fair in dealings with other teachers and people in the rest of the world. Academic ethics do not require understanding from a teaching standpoint only. Students should be aware of what academic ethics really mean, and what the ethical rules of their school are. Most students would agree that it is wrong to steal money from the school they study at. However, those same students would think nothing of taking home a pen they stuck in their shirt pocket, or a notepad they took with them when they went out to talk to a friend. While small items such as pens and notepads may seem very insignificant, even small items are part of the ethical dilemmas that face schools and the rest of the world today today."

Tags:plagiarism, privacy, copyrighting, hacking, patents, technology, globalization

Abstract
This paper explores privacy issues that involve access to email and other computer files following a death, specifically focusing on the Ellsworth family's suit of Yahoo!. First, the paper discusses the topic of privacy as applied to electronic matter. Then it provides the details of the Ellsworth case, that when Justin Ellsworth, a Marine, was killed and his family wished to have access to his outgoing emails. Finally, the paper agrees with Yahoo!'s position of upholding Justin Ellsworth's service agreement with Yahoo! and therefore not release his outgoing emails. The paper concludes by offering a solution to this dilemma which both respects a user's privacy upon his death yet gives an option to preserve certain communications for loved ones.

From the Paper
"If email had not existed, the reality is that Justin's family probably would have had limited access to his personal communications. Email has replaced several modes of communication, not only written communication, but also communication via telephone. Many of these communications were never preserved, nor intended to be indefinitely preserved. At his death, Justin's parents could have looked at the written correspondence that he had received. However, Justin's estate would have had no right to demand the return of letters written by Justin to others. This is exactly what Justin's family sought to force Yahoo! to do."

Tags:Yahoo!, privacy, email, cyber law, deontological ethics

From the Paper
"The Internet is rapidly and dramatically changing the way the world conducts business, communicates, educates and lives. While the Internet provides unlimited opportunities for businesses to expand and for society to develop in positive ways, it also creates a powerful new tool for people to commit crimes. The prevention and deterrence of these crimes, as well as how the law applies to them will be the main focus in the research essay. The Internet, like most new technological advances can be considered a "value-neutral" tool. It can be used in ways that are both beneficial or harmful to society. New technologies often create new forms of illegal or undesirable behavior. New technologies also provide new ways of committing traditional illegal behavior. With this new foundation of crime, legal questions arise: how can the law restrict or prevent these crimes from happening without a.) infringing on one's rights?, b.) without restricting the positive features offered by the most informational tool ever?, and c.) can anything really be done now, or has the problem already spread further than the reach of any feasible solution?"

Tags:technology, crime, cyber, economy, internet, law, punishment

Abstract
This paper explains that the right to a speedy trail, which is the key feature of the American criminal justice system, is guaranteed under the American Constitution; however, it was not until the cases of "Klopfer v. North Carolina" and "Barker v. Wingo" that this right was handed down to lower courts, too. The author reviews the cyber-crime of identity theft, which is defined as someone stealing another person's name and identification information such as Social Security number, credit card numbers, passwords and personal identification numbers (PIN) and uses them to make unauthorized withdrawals, purchases and other activities. The paper suggests that social learning theory, in which children learn the skills of violence from modeling and observation of sources such as other peers, the media and video games, plays a significant role in the problems of violence in schools and youth violence.

From the Paper
"Youth gangs are not only on the rise, but their level of violence is becoming increasingly worse. The explanation which best fits for youth gangs would be that of Edwin Sutherland's Differential Association theory. "In longitudinal studies, the most examined mechanism through which gang participation might socialize boys into antisocial activity appears in prior research that has considered boys' association with delinquent peers along with their gang participation." These youths, who are typically lower-class, realize that they will never reach the goals of the middle-class and have no urge to conform to middle-class standards. This cognitive dissonance produces a type of stress or strain. Instead, they form their own deviant subculture with their own rules, norms and mores. Travis Hirschi's Control Theory may also explain gang participation."

Tags:gangs, pornography, learning, court, theory

Abstract
The paper begins by addressing the costs of cyber crime and the role and importance of teaching cyber ethics in schools and homes. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the issues of online security and privacy, including a look at the damage caused by viruses, hacking, theft of intellectual property rights and logic bombs. The paper also explains the privacy and security issues with cookies, email, and instant messaging. The paper describes the issue of privacy and security within the workplace and the steps one can take to secure one's home computer and shows how online privacy is becoming increasingly more difficult to find.

From the Paper
"The issue of cyber ethics is quite often neglected in schools both in dealing with the instruction of students and dealing with informing the faculty of problems that can arise. Defining what cyber ethics actually is can also be a challenge because the term is very broad. It encompasses plagiarism, privacy, copyrighting, and hacking (Friedman & Nissenbaum, 1996). Computer ethics is often seen to deal with the use of telecommunication and storage devices for data (Friedman & Nissenbaum, 1996). Much of the concern about cyber ethics recently has to do with public school systems because it appears that individuals in these schools are not being taught proper cyber ethics (Friedman & Nissenbaum, 1996)."

Tags:cyber, crime, ethics, viruses, hacking, logic, bombs

Abstract
This paper outlines the five major filtering software products, and conducts a discussion of their pros and cons. The paper assesses how, when, or even if these filters should be utilized in schools or public libraries. The paper also attempts to answer whether filtering is unconstitutional censoring; whether public institutions have the right -- or the duty -- to filter; whether the companies that produce filtering software are truly objective; and whether there are better ways to keep minors from accessing adult material.
Abstract
I. Overview
II. Filtering Software
1. Cyber Patrol
2. Surf Watch
3. Net Nanny
4. CyberSitter
5. BESS
III. Is Filtering Interfering with "Free Speech" in Libraries and Schools?
IV. Who Are the "Guardians" of Morality on the Internet?
V. Some Conclusions

From the Paper
"Today's internet provides access for all kinds of information, from useful to salacious. Access is available to anyone with the knowledge of how to use a computer. Some of the information available for mature audiences in various web sites ought to be restricted to adults. There are five major software suppliers of filters that block unwanted information and make it unavailable to children. The problems of installing such filtering software in public locations, such as schools and libraries has brought a spirited defense of First Amendment rights. The problems are not that materials might be "censored" and unavailable to minors,. But who should do the filtering. The government has passed a "Communications Decency Act". However, the on-going arguments to be presented in the body of this research paper is whether the government has a right (or the power) to censor materials that should, properly, be the responsibility of individual parents."

Tags:filters, Cyber, Patrol, Surf, Watch, Net, Nanny, CyberSitter, BESS, free, speech, censorship, pornography, adult, content, children

Abstract
This paper refers to Wayne Heiser's discussion of the threat posed to individuals and business interests by cyber-technology. Heiser's paper appears on-line, offering a clear review of different issues that are at stake when we refer to both the right of privacy and how this is threatened by the new technology. It seems that the revolution of cyber-technology demands that we examine past attitudes and expectations in awareness of a changed environment in which predicted kinds of privacy may no longer be possible.

Abstract
This paper refers to an article by Wayne Heiser's on the threat that appears to individuals and business interests by way of cyber-technology, in our inability to control access to the Internet with democratic laws. The very important idea is that of privacy which Heiser explains is quite a new privilege and worry, not a basic right. At the same time, anonymous or pseudonymous use of the Internet should continue. It is one of a very few private rights that can be carried over into a new age that is bringing to the 'front' our ideas of free will, privacy, expression and access to information.

Abstract
This paper discuss the problem of cyber squatting along with specific legislation and organizations' rights over their business identity. The issue of trademark is examined and the current domain name registration process is analyzed. Examples are stated involving recent legal cases of domain name abuse.

Tags:arbitration, business, copyright, court, internet, law, legal, name, organization, provider, service, trademark, web